scholarly journals Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Maritime Baselines: Responding to the Plight of Low-Lying Atoll States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Chris Armstrong ◽  
Jack Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Considerable Discussion ◽  
Climate Refugees

Predicted sea level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change threatens to drastically alter coastlines around the world. In the case of low-lying atoll states, it threatens to expunge them from the map. This potential scenario has engendered considerable discussion concerning the fate of climate refugees. Relatively little attention, however, has been given to the impact of sea level rise on existing maritime zones and how these zones, and the resources they represent, might continue to benefit displaced communities. This article builds on the small body of legal scholarship that has taken this matter seriously, to provide a normative analysis, based on principles of global justice, of the best ways of responding to the plight of atoll states. The article thus makes a dual contribution: it extends legal scholarship by applying the principles of global justice to the problem of maritime boundaries, and it contributes to the literature on global justice by investigating a salient but hitherto neglected case.

The Impact of Climate Change on States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increase in sea levels, as a result of climate change in territorial aspect will have a potential impact on two major issues – maritime zones and land territory. The latter goes into the heart of the theory of the state in international law as it requires us to confront the problem of complete and permanent disappearance of a State territory. When studying these processes, one should take into account the fundamental lack of appropriate precedents and analogies in international law, especially in the context of the extinction of the state, which could be used for guidance in this respect. The article analyses sea level rise impact on baselines and agreed maritime boundaries (in particular taking into account fundamental change of circumstances rule). Furthermore, the issue of submergence of the entire territory of a State is discussed taking into account the presumption of statehood, past examples of extinction of states and the importance of recognition in this respect.

THE DYNAMIC OF ADAPTIVE SHELTER: SEBUAH WADAH ADAPTIF-DINAMIS DI KAMPUNG NELAYAN, KAMAL MUARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Fransisca Handayani ◽  
Alvin Hadiwono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Adaptive Dynamic ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
World Today ◽  
Christopher Alexander ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Characteristics

"Dwelling" basically means living in a place. However, Dwelling itself has a broader meaning when we understand how humans decided to inhabit. In the book The Nature of Order, Christopher Alexander says "Dwelling is Living-Structure" which means to live is a life participating in a living-structure. This quote directly describes a relationship between nature and humans in the process of living. Seeing the conditions that exist in the world today, there are many aspects that can affect the way humans will live in the future. One of the problems that humans have to face is climate change which causes sea level rise. Realizing that humans must face these events and know that in reality, humans cannot be separated from their natural surroundings, "The Dynamic of Adaptive Shelter" was designed with the aim of wanting to unite aspects of habitation (especially nature and humans) as well as provide solutions for buildings that are adaptive to sea level rise. Located in Kamal Muara, North Jakarta, this project begins by studying the selected site, community activities, the shape of the buildings around the site, as well as the natural characteristics around the site, as a method that refers to a quote from Martin Heidegger's book about "the thing It-self". Referring to the results of the selected site, this project is complemented with programs that are suitable for the activities of the residents of the area and have been developed with systems which can adapt to the issue of sea level rise. Keywords:  Adaptive-Dynamic; Coastal; Dwelling; Fishermen ; Sea Level Rise Abstrak“Dwelling” atau Berhuni pada dasarnya memiliki arti hidup pada suatu tempat. Namun Dwelling sendiri memiliki arti yang lebih luas saat kita memahami awal mula manusia memutuskan untuk berhuni. Dalam buku The Nature of Order Christohper Alexander mengatakan “Dwelling is Living- Structure” yang berarti berhuni adalah hidup berpartisipasi dalam Struktur-kehidupan (Living- structure). Kutipan tersebut secara langsung menggambarkan sebuah keterkaitan antara alam dan manusia dalam menuju proses berhuni. Melihat kondisi yang ada didunia saat ini banyak aspek yang dapat mempengaruhi cara manusia berhuni dimasa depan. Salah satu permasalahan yang harus dihadapi manusia adalah perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan kenaikan permukaan air laut. Menyadari bahwa manusia harus menghadapi peristiwa tersebut dan mengetahuni bahwa pada dasarnya dalam proses berhuni manusia tidak terlepas dari alam sekitarnya, “Wadah Adaptif- Dinamis” dirancang dengan tujuan ingin mempersatukan aspek-aspek berhuni (khususnya alam dan manusia) dan juga memberikan solusi akan bangunan yang adaptif akan kenaikan permukaan air laut. Berlokasi di Kamal Muara, Jakarta Utara proyek ini diawali dengan mempelajari site terpilih, aktivitas masyarakat, bentuk bangunan sekitar tapak, dan juga karakteristik alam sekitar tapak, sebagaimana metode yang mengacu pada kutipan buku Martin Heidegger tentang “the thing It-self”. Mengacu pada hasil analisis tapak terpilih, proyek ini dilengkapi dengan program-program yang sesuai dengan aktifitas penduduk daerahnya dan telah dikembangkan dengan sistem-sistem yang mana dapat beradaptasi dengan kondisi alam sekitar dan menjawa isu akan kenaikan permukaan air laut.

A Framework for Understanding Adaptation by Manufacturing Industries

2017 ◽  
pp. 302-313
Author(s):  
Saon Ray
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Medium Firms

This chapter discusses what constitutes adaptation responses by firms in the face of climate change. There are four integral components of adaptation activities undertaken by firms: assessment of risk, understanding of vulnerability, understanding the regulatory barriers to overcome the vulnerability, and, finally, adoption of policies to overcome the vulnerability. While it is easy to understand these components separately, their interdependencies make the overall picture more complicated. Also complicating the issue is the fact that most small and medium firms do not have the capacity and resources to predict the impact of such changes on their operations, and hence, to quickly make the adjustments necessary to overcome them. The response of firms also depends on the nature of the climate risk they face, whether it is sea-level rise, or temperature rise.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact in the Ria de Aveiro Lagoon Ecosystem: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lopes ◽  
Lopes ◽  
Dias
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ria De Aveiro ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aveiro Lagoon

Climate change and global sea-level rise are major issues of the 21st century. The main goal of this study is to assess the physical and biogeochemical status of the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal) under future climate scenarios, using a coupled physical/ eutrophication model. The impact on the lagoon ecosystem status of the mean sea level rise (MSLR), the amplitude rise of the M2 tidal constituent (M2R), the changes in the river discharge, and the rising of the air temperature was investigated. Under MSLR and M2R, the results point to an overall salinity increase and water temperature decrease, revealing ocean water dominance. The main lagoon areas presented salinity values close to those of the ocean waters (~34 PSU), while a high range of salinity was presented for the river and the far end areas (20–34 PSU). The water temperature showed a decrease of approximately 0.5–1.5 °C. The responses of the biogeochemical variables reflect the increase of the oceanic inflow (transparent and nutrient-poor water) or the reduction of the river flows (nutrient-rich waters). The results evidenced, under the scenarios, an overall decreasing of the inorganic nitrogen concentration and the carbon phytoplankton concentrations. A warm climate, although increasing the water temperature, does not seem to affect the lagoon’s main status, at least in the frame of the model used in the study.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Urban Properties in Tampa Due to Climate Change

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Weiwei Xie ◽  
Bo Tang ◽  
Qingmin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Impact

Fast urbanization produces a large and growing population in coastal areas. However, the increasing rise in sea levels, one of the most impacts of global warming, makes coastal communities much more vulnerable to flooding than before. While most existing work focuses on understanding the large-scale impacts of sea-level rise, this paper investigates parcel-level property impacts, using a specific coastal city, Tampa, Florida, USA, as an empirical study. This research adopts a spatial-temporal analysis method to identify locations of flooded properties and their costs over a future period. A corrected sea-level rise model based on satellite altimeter data is first used to predict future global mean sea levels. Based on high-resolution LiDAR digital elevation data and property maps, properties to be flooded are identified to evaluate property damage cost. This empirical analysis provides deep understanding of potential flooding risks for individual properties with detailed spatial information, including residential, commercial, industrial, agriculture, and governmental buildings, at a fine spatial scale under three different levels of global warming. The flooded property maps not only help residents to choose location of their properties, but also enable local governments to prevent potential sea-level rising risks for better urban planning. Both spatial and temporal analyses can be easily applied by researchers or governments to other coastal cities for sea-level rise- and climate change-related urban planning and management.

scholarly journals Impact of Regional Climate Change on the Infrastructure and Operability of Railway Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Kostianaia ◽  
Andrey G. Kostianoy ◽  
Mikhail A. Scheglov ◽  
Aleksey I. Karelov ◽  
Alexander S. Vasileisky
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Sea Level

Abstract This article considers various aspects of the impact of climate change on the railway infrastructure and operations. A brief international overview and the importance of this issue for Russia are given. Temperature effects, permafrost thawing, strong winds, floods and sea level rise, long-term effects, and adaptation measures are discussed. In conclusion, the authors give several recommendations on further research in this area, and highlight that special attention should be given to the areas in the Russian Federation which already face or might soon experience damage from storm events or flooding and sea level rise, namely Kaliningrad Region on the Baltic Sea, the area between Tuapse and Adler in Krasnodar Region on the Black Sea, and on Sakhalin Island from the side of the Sea of Japan.

scholarly journals Application of remote sensing and GIS for assessing the level of change of land use status in the coast of Ngoc Hien district (Ca Mau province) due to the impact of sea level rise

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3B) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Pham Viet Hong ◽  
Tran Anh Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Anh Nguyet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Impact

Today, environmental hazards and challenges are no longer confined to the national or regional scale but on the global scale. One of the biggest challenges for humanity is the natural disasters, global warming and sea level rise. The natural disasters causing serious consequences for human life, such as: Storms, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, desertification, high tides... increase in frequency, intensity and scale. In recent years, Ca Mau province as well as coastal provinces of Vietnam is under great influence due to the impacts of climate change. One of the most affected districts in Ca Mau province is Ngoc Hien district. The district has a geographic location with three sides bordering the sea, one side bordering the river, a completely isolated terrain. The terrain is flat, strongly divided by the system of natural rivers and canals and intertwined canals, so it is constantly flooded by the sea. Ngoc Hien district is characterized by a sub-equatorial monsoon climate, directly affected by irregular semi-diurnal regime. The main purpose of the paper is to assess coastal vulnerability due to the impact of climate change over time with GIS-based remote sensing images. Remote sensing data with multi-time characteristics, collected in many periods and covering a wide area is an effective tool for monitoring shoreline fluctuations in particular and land use status of the study area in general.

Analysis of Flood Vulnerability and Transit Availability with a Changing Climate in Harris County, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Pulcinella ◽  
Arne M. E. Winguth ◽  
Diane Jones Allen ◽  
Niveditha Dasa Gangadhar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Harris County ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
The Impact

Hurricanes and other extreme precipitation events can have devastating effects on population and infrastructure that can create problems for emergency responses and evacuation. Projected climate change and associated global warming may lead to an increase in extreme weather events that results in greater inundation from storm surges or massive precipitation. For example, record flooding during Hurricane Katrina or, more recently, during Hurricane Harvey in 2017, led to many people being cut off from aid and unable to evacuate. This study focuses on the impact of severe weather under climate change for areas of Harris County, TX that are susceptible to flooding either by storm surge or extreme rainfall and evaluates the transit demand and availability in those areas. Future risk of flooding in Harris County was assessed by GIS mapping of the 100-year and 500-year FEMA floodplains and most extreme category 5 storm tide and global sea level rise. The flood maps have been overlaid with population demographics and transit accessibility to determine vulnerable populations in need of transit during a disaster. It was calculated that 70% of densely populated census block groups are located within the floodplains, including a disproportional amount of low-income block groups. The results also show a lack of transit availability in many areas susceptible to extreme storm surge exaggerated with sea level rise. Further study of these areas to improve transit infrastructure and evacuation strategies will improve the outcomes of extreme weather events in the future.

Study on climate change impacts of sea level rise on the Saemangeum Sea Dike using the EEMD method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baeg Lee ◽  
Hyun-Han Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Eemd Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sea Dike

<p>The Saemangeum Sea Dike, completed in 2011 in South Korea, is the longest sea dike in the world. One of the most pressing issues of today, climate change leads to sea level rise that could increase the risk of sea dike overflow. However, what impact climate change will have on the Saemangeum Sea Dike has not been verified yet. Here, we estimate the impacts of sea level rise on the Saemangeum Sea Dike, using the Linear Regression Analysis method and the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method. The sea level data of the Saemangeum area of the last 30 years was analysed and the results showed that the maximum rate of sea level rise of the Saemangeum Sea Dike is at 2.51 mm/year when the EEMD method was applied. It means that the impact of sea level rise on the Saemangeum sea dike is reasonably low because the sea level rise will exceed the freeboard after 366 years, so there is currently no clear sign that it poses a problem.</p>

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