Police Presence, Rapid Response Rates, and Crime Prevention

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Sarit Weisburd
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Police Responses ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

This paper estimates the impact of police presence on crime using a unique database that tracks the exact location of Dallas Police Department patrol cars throughout 2009. To address the concern that officer location is often driven by crime, my instrument exploits police responses to calls outside of their allocated coverage beat. This variable provides a plausible shift in police presence within the abandoned beat that is driven by the police goal of minimizing response times. I find that a 10 percent decrease in police presence at that location results in a 7 percent increase in crime. This result sheds light on the black box of policing and crime and suggests that routine changes in police patrol can significantly impact criminal behavior.

An Examination of Police Officers’ Insights Into Problem Identification and Problem Solving

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Bichler ◽  
Larry Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Police Presence

Problem solving begins with problem identification. Conventional knowledge suggests that because patrol officers work specific geographical areas (beats) on a fairly constant basis, they come to see where the problems exist; thus, police experience alone can be relied on to identify crime problems. However, few have examined whether officers are effective in identifying problems in their areas. This research examined the consistency of officer problem identification across focus groups for an entire police department in terms of the kinds of problems identified, the location of problems, and the suggested responses. Although there was little consistency across focus groups, officers were able to identify specific sites or properties thought to generate high levels of disorder-related calls. Solutions to crime problems tended to involve increased police presence for complex problems affecting areas and crime prevention for specific sites facing single-crime problems.

International Real Estate Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Mark P. Berkman ◽  
◽  
Kyle J. Hubbard ◽  
Timothy H. Savage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Property Values ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Multiple Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

Recent litigation with regards to property damage associated with carbon black emissions provides an opportunity to measure the impact of particulate matter (PM), a Clean Air Act pollutant. By using property-specific PM concentrations, we estimate the impact of PM on residential property values, which accounts for relevant characteristics and multiple pollution sources. This study simultaneously incorporates all important econometric modeling features cited in the prior literature. We find that a 10-percent increase in PM concentration results in a statistically-significant 1.1-percent decrease in value. In 2007 dollars, a one-standard deviation increase in PM concentration results in a statistically-significant reduction of approximately $4,800.

scholarly journals Together We Will: Experimental Evidence on Female Voting Behavior in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Giné ◽  
Ghazala Mansuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Party Vote Shares ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

In many emerging democracies women are less likely to vote than men and, when they do vote, are likely to follow the wishes of male household and clan heads. We assess the impact of a voter awareness campaign on female turnout, candidate choice and party vote shares. Geographic clusters within villages were randomly assigned to treatment or control, and within treated clusters, some households were not targeted. Compared to women in control clusters, both targeted and untargeted women in treated clusters are 11 percentage points more likely to vote, and are also more likely to exercise independence in candidate choice, indicating large spillovers. Data from polling stations suggests that treating 10 women increased female turnout by about seven votes, resulting in a cost per vote of US$3.1. Finally, a 10 percent increase in the share of treated women at the polling station led to a 7 percent decrease in the share of votes of the winning party. (JEL D72, J12, J16, O12, O17, Z13)

Police Responses to Violent Crime

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Jarvis ◽  
Ashley Mancik ◽  
Wendy C. Regoeczi
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Police Responses ◽  
System Data ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
The Impact

This work advances the relatively limited literature pertaining to police clearances of serious violent crimes by comparing and contrasting the correlates of homicide clearance with clearance of nonlethal violent crimes. Using 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from 2008 to 2012 and survival models, we analyze the impact of various victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance outcomes for four offense types: homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and sexual assault. Examining longitudinal trends of clearance rates reveals important differences across violent crime types. Results of survival models also reveal substantial variation in the effects of victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance across types of violent crime. These findings indicate that results from previous studies on homicide case outcomes are not applicable to other types of violent crimes, and police efforts to solve violent crimes differ markedly. As such, the theoretical frameworks of mobilization of law and bounded rationality explanations for variation in police responses to violent crime may be more viable than found in previous studies. However, future research will need to consider these nuances to confirm if such dynamics extend to other forms of criminal behavior.

The Nexus between Financial Development, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in India: A VECM Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 602-612
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
The Impact

The demand for energy consumption requires efficient financial development in terms of bank credit. Therefore, this study examines the nexus between Financial Development, Economic Growth, Energy Prices and Energy Consumption in India, utilizing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique to determine the nature of short and long term relationships from 2010 to 2019. The estimation of results indicates that a one percent increase in bank credits to private sector results in 0.10 percent increase in energy consumption and 0.28 percent increase in energy consumption responses to 1 percent increase in economic growth. It is also observed that the impact of energy price proxied by consumer price index is statistically significant with a negative sign indicating the consistency with the theory.

The Impact of Mental States on Semi-autonomous Driving Takeover Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376
Author(s):  
Gaojian Huang ◽  
Christine Petersen ◽  
Brandon J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Semi-autonomous vehicles still require drivers to occasionally resume manual control. However, drivers of these vehicles may have different mental states. For example, drivers may be engaged in non-driving related tasks or may exhibit mind wandering behavior. Also, monitoring monotonous driving environments can result in passive fatigue. Given the potential for different types of mental states to negatively affect takeover performance, it will be critical to highlight how mental states affect semi-autonomous takeover. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize the literature on mental states (such as distraction, fatigue, emotion) and takeover performance. This review focuses specifically on five fatigue studies. Overall, studies were too few to observe consistent findings, but some suggest that response times to takeover alerts and post-takeover performance may be affected by fatigue. Ultimately, this review may help researchers improve and develop real-time mental states monitoring systems for a wide range of application domains.

scholarly journals Donor Smoking Negatively Affects Donor and Recipient Renal Function following Living Donor Nephrectomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Heldt ◽  
Robert Torrey ◽  
Daniel Han ◽  
Pedro Baron ◽  
Christopher Tenggardjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Kidney Donor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Living Donor Nephrectomy ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Percent Decrease

Background.While tobacco use by a renal transplant recipient has been shown to negatively affect graft and patient survival, the effect of smoking on the part of the kidney donor remains unknown.Methods.29 smoking donors (SD) and their recipients (SD-R) as well as 71 non-smoking donors (ND) and their recipients (ND-R) were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative demographics and perioperative variables including serum creatinine (Cr) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were calculated and stratified by amount of tobacco exposure in pack-years. Clinical outcomes were analyzed with a Student'st-test, chi-square, and multiple linear regression analysis ().Results.At most recent followup, SD-R's had a significantly smaller percent decrease in postoperative Cr than ND-R's (−57% versus −81%; ) and lower calculated GFR's (37.0 versus 53.0 mL/min per 1.73 m2; . SD's had a larger percent increase in Cr than ND's at most recent followup (57% versus 40%; ), with active smokers having a larger increase than those who quit, although this difference was not statistically significant (68% versus 52%; ).Conclusions.Use of tobacco by kidney donors is associated with decreased posttransplant renal function, although smoking cessation can improve outcomes. Kidneys from donors who smoke should be used with caution.

Cyber Place Management and Crime Prevention: The Effectiveness of Cybersecurity Awareness Training Against Phishing Attacks

2021 ◽  
pp. 104398622110016
Author(s):  
Sinchul Back ◽  
Rob T. Guerette
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Research University ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Large Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Place Management ◽  
Online Setting ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Virtual Domain ◽  
The Impact

Criminologists and crime prevention practitioners recognize the importance of geographical places to crime activities and the role that place managers might play in effectively preventing crime. Indeed, over the past several decades, a large body of work has highlighted the tendency for crime to concentrate across an assortment of geographic areas, where place management tends to be absent or weak. Nevertheless, there has been a paucity of research evaluating place management strategies and cybercrime within the virtual domain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of place management techniques on reducing cybercrime incidents in an online setting. Using data derived from the information technology division of a large urban research university in the United States, this study evaluated the impact of an anti-phishing training program delivered to employees that sought to increase awareness and understanding of methods to better protect their “virtual places” from cybercrimes. Findings are discussed within the context of the broader crime and place literature.

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