An Examination of Police Officers’ Insights Into Problem Identification and Problem Solving

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Bichler ◽  
Larry Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Police Presence

Problem solving begins with problem identification. Conventional knowledge suggests that because patrol officers work specific geographical areas (beats) on a fairly constant basis, they come to see where the problems exist; thus, police experience alone can be relied on to identify crime problems. However, few have examined whether officers are effective in identifying problems in their areas. This research examined the consistency of officer problem identification across focus groups for an entire police department in terms of the kinds of problems identified, the location of problems, and the suggested responses. Although there was little consistency across focus groups, officers were able to identify specific sites or properties thought to generate high levels of disorder-related calls. Solutions to crime problems tended to involve increased police presence for complex problems affecting areas and crime prevention for specific sites facing single-crime problems.

scholarly journals Preventing and combating hate crimes: Modern approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Jelena Groma
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Hate Groups ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Police Presence

A sufficient body of research, originally American and British, as well as practice has been accumulated in the last decades in the field of hate crime. Modern understanding of the issue distinguishes multinational and global character of the harm appearing due to hate crime, thus setting up topicality of this crucial problem. This paper is aimed at description of measures of effective prevention of hate crime and general considerations for an effective strategy of hate crime prevention and combating proposed by well recognized specialists in the field, mentioning prioritizing the response to hate crime within the police department, establishing multi-agency task forces, training police officers, responding to hate-crime victims’ needs, increasing police presence and attention in high-risk neighbourhoods, monitoring hate groups and tracking hate incidents, reaching out to minority communities, engaging educational institutions and the mass media. Reporting on recent development of Latvian Criminal Law regulation related to hate crime author sets up some specific problematic issues and discusses solution options.

Community policing: training, definitions and policy implications

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutham Cheurprakobkit
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Personal Service ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Information Element ◽  
Community Oriented Policing

This study surveyed 198 police officers of a single police department in Texas regarding their attitudes about the practice of community‐oriented policing (COP) and its characteristics. Training on COP, rather than training duration, was found to affect officers’ attitudes toward accepting COP programs. Using Cordner’s four definitive dimensions of community policing (i.e. philosophical, strategic, tactical, and organizational) as a model, findings indicate that officers have familiarized themselves with the tactical dimension the most, especially the police‐citizen partnership and problem‐solving elements, while giving lowest priority to the information element of the organizational dimension. Others including the broader police function, personal service, and positive interaction elements are also less emphasized. The study reveals several problems the officers see as setbacks in implementing community policing and concludes that all of the COP characteristics must be looked at in the context of a whole system rather than as separate individual elements.

2. Marketing research

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Kenneth Le Meunier-FitzHugh
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Marketing Performance ◽  
Identification Research ◽  
Desk Research

This chapter examines marketing research, one of the most engaging parts of marketing, as it is the opportunity for organizations to evaluate marketing performance, uncover customer behaviours, and explore their preferences. Marketing research covers a range of activities which may be positioned as either problem-identification research or problem-solving research. Sources of data and information for marketing research include secondary or desk research; primary or field data; quantitative data; and qualitative data. Meanwhile, marketing research methods are reviewed including surveys and questionnaires; focus groups and interviews; experiments and observations; and neuromarketing. The chapter then considers how sampling is widely used in primary research. It also looks at customer insights and big data.

Police Presence, Rapid Response Rates, and Crime Prevention

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Sarit Weisburd
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Police Responses ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

This paper estimates the impact of police presence on crime using a unique database that tracks the exact location of Dallas Police Department patrol cars throughout 2009. To address the concern that officer location is often driven by crime, my instrument exploits police responses to calls outside of their allocated coverage beat. This variable provides a plausible shift in police presence within the abandoned beat that is driven by the police goal of minimizing response times. I find that a 10 percent decrease in police presence at that location results in a 7 percent increase in crime. This result sheds light on the black box of policing and crime and suggests that routine changes in police patrol can significantly impact criminal behavior.

Crime Mapping and Crime Analysis of Property Crimes in Jodhpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swikar Lama ◽  
Sikandar Singh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Situational Crime Prevention ◽  
Crime Analysis ◽  
Crime Mapping ◽  
Property Crimes

AbstractThis study is based on crime mapping and crime analysis of property crimes in Jodhpur. The property crimes which were selected were house breaking, auto thefts and chain snatching. Data from police stations were used to generate the maps to locate hot spots of crimes. The profile of these hot spots was analyzed through observations supplemented with interviews of police officers and public 100 cases of house breaking and 100 cases of auto thefts were further analyzed to understand the contexts which lead to these crimes. These contexts are in consonance with situational crime prevention theories. This study may help to understand the environmental factors which may be responsible for certain places becoming hot spot areas of property crimes in Jodhpur.

Whistle Blowing in The Police Sector: The Importance of Control Behaviour Factor and Professional Commitment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Author(s):  
Raja Adri Satriawan Surya ◽  
Arumega Zarefar ◽  
Nanda Fito Mela
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Behaviour Factor ◽  
Finance Department ◽  
Control Behaviour ◽  
Whistleblowing Intention

Objective - This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived behaviour control and professional commitment to the interest of doing whistleblowing. This research was conducted at the police department in Riau province. Methodology/Technique - The sample in this study was taken by using the method of data collection is called purposive sampling. The samples used in this research were 90 respondents which were all police officers working in the finance department. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Findings - The results showed that perceived behaviour control affects the interests do whistle blowing. Secondly, professional commitments do affect the interest of whistle blowing. Novelty - The research contributes to the related literature with its original data. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Police Sector; Perceived Behaviour Control; Professional Commitment; Whistleblowing Intention and SPSS. JEL Classification: J53, M41, M54.

Policing in divided societies: Officer inclusion, citizen cooperation, and crime prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-604
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Nanes
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Domestic Security

How does demographic inclusion in domestic security institutions affect security provision in divided societies? Police officers rely on information from citizens to identify problems and allocate resources efficiently. Where conflict along identity lines erodes trust between citizens and the state, the police face difficulty obtaining information, hindering their ability to provide public safety. I argue that inclusiveness in the police rank-and-file addresses this problem by fostering cooperation from previously excluded segments of society. I test this argument in Israel and its conflict between the Jewish majority and non-Jewish minority. First, a survey of 804 Israeli citizens shows that non-Jews who perceive the police as more inclusive are more willing to provide the police with information. I then use original panel data on police officer demographics at every police station in Israel over a six year period to show that increases in police inclusiveness are associated with decreases in crime.

scholarly journals An Examination of Police Culture and its Effects on Patrol Officers Attitudes towards Restorative Justice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Braeden Broschuk
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Training Specialist ◽  
Two Phases

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between restorative justice and police culture, and the level to which this culture acts as barrier to the successful implementation and use of restorative justice by frontline police officers. Using a multi-level work group framework, frontline officer’s attitudes and understanding of restorative justice and police culture beliefs are examined, and then their impact on frontline police work is assessed. This study employs an explanatory sequential mixed methods design and is conducted in two phases. The initial quantitative phase involved distributing a Likert-style survey to frontline officers to measure their attitudes and understanding of restorative justice and police culture variables. After analysis of the initial quantitative findings, semi-structured interview questions were developed building on these findings to provide for a more in-depth qualitative analysis. Results indicate that police culture variables such as solidarity, teamwork, crime fighting and tough on crime attitudes are still persistent in policing, but frontline officers are generally accepting of restorative justice, and believe that it has a place in their frontline work as a dispositional tool. Findings indicate, however, that officers perceive restorative justice as another option only for less serious crimes and low risk offenders, and not as a new method of managing offender activity. Restorative justice is not being used to its fullest potential. To increase use of RJ diversion more thorough training, specialist designations and supervisory and middle management direction is recommended.

scholarly journals Revised findings for "Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wood ◽  
Tom Tyler ◽  
Andrew V Papachristos ◽  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Statistical Problem ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Chicago Police Department ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Chicago Police

Wood et al. (2020) studied the rollout of a procedural justice training program in the Chicago Police Department and found large and statistically significant impacts on complaints and sustained complaints against police officers and police use of force. This document describes a subtle statistical problem that led the magnitude of those estimates to be inflated. We then re-analyze the data using a methodology that corrects for this problem. The re-analysis provides less strong conclusions about the effectiveness of the training than the original study: although the point estimates for most outcomes and specifications are negative and of a meaningful magnitude, the confidence intervals typically include zero or very small effects. On the whole, we interpret the data as providing suggestive evidence that procedural justice training reduced the use of force, but no statistically significant evidence for a reduction in complaints or sustained complaints.

scholarly journals Aggressive Policing and the Educational Performance of Minority Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joscha Legewie ◽  
Jeffrey Fagan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Impact

An increasing number of minority youth experience contact with the criminal justice system. But how does the expansion of police presence in poor urban communities affect educational outcomes? Previous research points at multiple mechanisms with opposing effects. This article presents the first causal evidence of the impact of aggressive policing on minority youths’ educational performance. Under Operation Impact, the New York Police Department (NYPD) saturated high-crime areas with additional police officers with the mission to engage in aggressive, order-maintenance policing. To estimate the effect of this policing program, we use administrative data from more than 250,000 adolescents age 9 to 15 and a difference-in-differences approach based on variation in the timing of police surges across neighborhoods. We find that exposure to police surges significantly reduced test scores for African American boys, consistent with their greater exposure to policing. The size of the effect increases with age, but there is no discernible effect for African American girls and Hispanic students. Aggressive policing can thus lower educational performance for some minority groups. These findings provide evidence that the consequences of policing extend into key domains of social life, with implications for the educational trajectories of minority youth and social inequality more broadly.

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