scholarly journals Mission and the Bottom Line: Performance Incentives in a Multigoal Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Xavier Giné ◽  
Ghazala Mansuri ◽  
Slesh A. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Performance Incentives ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social

We assess the role of monetary incentives in a mission-oriented organization by randomly assigning workers to one of two bonus schemes, incentivizing either the performance of a microcredit program (bottom line) or the empowerment of clients (mission). We find that the credit bonus improved credit-related outcomes but undermined the social mission, while the social bonus did not harm the bottom line. These results are consistent with a multitasking model with production spillovers or with prosocial behavior. We show that, when missionrelated rewards are unfeasible, organizations that care about both the mission and the bottom line prefer flat wages to incentives.

Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Motivation Among People With Intellectual Disability: “Why They Act”

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-512
Author(s):  
Kate Caldwell ◽  
Sarah Parker Harris ◽  
Maija Renko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
People With Disability

Abstract Social entrepreneurship is a growing trend for people with intellectual disability (ID). This trend reflects a shift in contemporary policy towards entrepreneurship and self-employment as a viable employment option for people with disability in general; a strategy which is intended to promote autonomy and reduce dependence on entitlement-based services as well as to reduce employment disparities and stimulate business and job creation. However, it is not well understood what exactly this means for people with ID involved in social entrepreneurial ventures. This research approached the issue by conducting dyadic interviews to explore the motivations of people with ID who are participating and supported in social entrepreneurship—“why they act.” In exploring these motivations, this article investigates push-pull factors, the role of the social mission, and how support influences motivation.

scholarly journals Ideology and Urbanism in a Flux

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-140
Author(s):  
Elitza Stanoeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
Art Canon

The socialist reconstruction of Sofia evolved at the juncture of institution-building, formation of professional expertise and social engineering, framed by a party ideology in a flux that time and again revised the social mission of urbanism and the professional role of the architect. This paper first focuses on four areas of Sofia’s reconstruction that illustrate the interplay of ideology and urbanism in the Stalinist years: the endorsement and subsequent betrayal of Marxist guidelines for urban planning; the replication of the leader cult and its prime monument, the Mausoleum; the reorganization of architects into a Soviet-style professional union; the application of the Stalinist art canon in monumental architecture. The paper then discusses how de-Stalinization affected urban planning, public architecture and architects’ professional standing. It concludes by reflecting on the post-1989 transformation of Sofia as a radical breach with socialism or a symptom of path dependence.

From “virtuous” to “pragmatic” pursuit of social mission

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 970-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. McDonald ◽  
Jay Weerawardena ◽  
Sreedhar Madhavaram ◽  
Gillian Sullivan Mort
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Non Profit Organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a sustainability-based typology for non-profit organizations and corresponding strategies to sustain the mission and/or financial objectives of non-profit organizations. The balance of mission and money, known in the non-profit literature as the double bottom line, is a challenge for professional managers who run non-profits and scholars who study them. Design/methodology/approach – Typologies are often used to classify phenomena to improve understanding and bring about clarity. In this paper, non-profit organizations are viewed from a social and fiscal viability perspective, developed from the long standing challenge of balancing mission and money. Findings – The typology developed in this paper identifies several normative strategies that correspond to the social and fiscal viability of non-profit organizations. In fact, the strategies offered in this paper can help non-profit managers achieve organizational sustainability, thus enabling them to continue what they are meant to do – to provide greater social value to their constituents. Research limitations/implications – The typology presented is a classification system rather than a theoretical typology. Its purpose is to help managers of non-profits to recognize threats to their organizations’ long-term survival and offer strategies that if adopted can move the organizations to less vulnerable positions. However, the recommended strategies are by no means exhaustive. Furthermore, the focus of the paper is on non-profit organizations, not profit-driven or hybrid entities. The sustainability-based typology of non-profit organizations and the corresponding strategies have implications for practitioners and academics. The typology and its contents can help managers assess their non-profits, competitive environment and their current strategies, plan their double bottom line strategies and last but not the least, develop and implement strategies for social and fiscal sustainability. In addition, our paper provides great opportunities for future research to subject our typology and its contents to conceptual and empirical scrutiny. Practical implications – The strategies described here are developed based on scholarly research and examples from successful non-profits. The typology and the related list of strategies provide a manager with the tools to accurately diagnose organizational challenges and adopt plans to improve the organization’s viability. Social implications – Non-profit organizations are an integral part of society that bolsters economic prosperity, environmental integrity and social justice. This paper may provide guidance for a number of non-profit managers to keep their organizations operating and serving important social missions. Originality/value – In the context of organizations for social mission, several typologies exist that looked at firms from the perspectives of ownership versus profit objectives, entrepreneurship conceptualizations of economists and origins and development paths of social enterprises. While these typologies provided foundations for theoretical and empirical work into social enterprises, our typology offers strategies for the sustainability of mission and/or money objectives of non-profits. The value of this research lies in integrating virtuous and pragmatic objectives of non-profit sustainability that, in turn, can ensure the social mission of non-profits.

Friend to the Worker: Social Policy at the Ministry of Agriculture Between the Wars

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War

The interwar period posed unprecedented challenges to the English government. Unemployment, poverty, and fiscal crisis dogged policy-makers throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Governmental efforts to deal with the social and economic dislocation caused by the world-wide, post-war depression did not meet with much success. Opinion, both popular and scholarly, has tended to judge the government's domestic record rather harshly. The growing range of government activity overseen by an increasingly homogeneous civil service centralized under the direction of the Treasury has engendered some suspicion about the role of official advice in formulating policies widely regarded as, at best, ineffective and, at worst, wrong-headed and even oppressive. The Ministry of Health seemed more concerned to stem the demands on the Exchequer than to ameliorate living conditions among the poor. The Ministry of Labour, engulfed by the administrative nightmare of unemployment insurance, could not also devise programs to reduce the rate of unemployment. The Treasury not only failed to produce any innovative strategy for the country's fiscal problems, their insistence on reducing government expenditure and maintaining a balanced budget—the so-called “Treasury view”—hung like a millstone around the necks of the spending departments. Even if officials had pressed aggressive and creative programs of social welfare upon political leaders, the Treasury obsession with what we now call the “bottom line” would have effectively denied them the resources necessary to implement any new program.

scholarly journals ¿Artista educador o Educador artista? El límite difuso del rol social

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Abara
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Educational Crisis ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Way

Resumen: Este artículo surge de una experiencia y reflexión personal como artista y profesora en formación, que plantea la crisis cultural y educativa en Chile como el contexto donde opera el sistema tanto artístico como educacional, y que ante la emergencia cultural, desde el rol social del artista surge la necesidad de educar como la única solución. A raíz de esto, posteriormente se aborda el límite difuso entre el rol del artista y el rol del educador estableciendo un  paralelo de factores que constituyen una metodología compartida en el modo de operar de ambos roles, que reflexiona en torno al constante diálogo y tránsito entre estos quehaceres. Finalmente se exponen las fortalezas y debilidades de ambas disciplinas que confirman la interdependencia de los roles en virtud de la misión social compartida. Palabras clave: artista, educador, cultura, pedagogía, rol social, metodología compartida. Abstract: This article arises from a personal experience and reflection as an artist and professor in formation, which considers the cultural and educational crisis as the context where artistic and educationalsystemdeploys, and under the cultural emergency, from the social role of the artist appears the necessity to educate as the only solution. Subsequently approaches the unclear boundaries between the artist and educator social roles, settling a parallel of factors which shows a shared methodology in the way both positions acts, reflecting about the constant dialogue and transition between these roles. Finally considers the virtues and weakness of both disciplines confirming the interdependance of the roles towards the social mission they have in common. Keywords:artist, educator, culture, pedagogy, social role, shared methodology.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.8.9458

The political and social mission of psychiatry

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S14-S14
Author(s):  
S. Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Distress ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Political Decisions

Psychiatry is based on values and scientific evidence. The presentation will argue that both bases come with a social and political mission.The values require a commitment to help those in need of support, which cannot be fully achieved without social and political action. The scientific evidence points to the central role of societal factors, such as inequality and poverty, for the development of mental disorders. Influencing these factors requires political decisions.It will be concluded that taking up the social and political mission is a moral imperative for both psychiatrists as a professional group and individual psychiatrists, and may make the profession more relevant in society, more attractive to medical students, and more effective in helping patients with mental distress.The discussion will address the challenges and practical options for such a mission.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Theatre audience development as a social function of contemporary theatres

2020 ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Ksenija Markovic-Bozovic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Audience Development

From the last decades of the previous century, the re-examination of the social functions of cultural institutions began - especially the institutions of elite art, to which the theatre belongs. In this regard, numerous researches are conducted focusing on the ?broader? social role of the theatre, as well as exploring the dynamics and quality of the relationship between theatre and its audience. Their outcomes are the recommendations of innovative strategic activities, by which the theatre can establish deeper relations with the existing and attract new audiences, i.e. more efficiently realize its cultural-emancipatory, social-inclusive, social-cohesive, educational, and other similar potentials. Extensive research of the functional type, which combines the analysis of the process of theatre production, distribution and reception, and sheds light on the ways in which theatre functions in the community, has not been conducted in Serbia so far. However, for many years, there have been conducted researches that provide sufficiently relevant answers, analysing this topic from individual aspects of the audience, marketing activities, cultural policy and theatre management. Their overall conclusion is that theatres in Serbia must (re)orient themselves to the external environment - (re)define their social mission and actively approach the process of diversification of the audience. However, the practical implementation of such recommendations is still lacking, theatre organizations find it difficult to adopt the idea that changes must be initiated by themselves, which brings us to the question of the attitudes on which these organizations establish their work. In this regard, the paper maps of and analyzes the opinions of managers and employees of Belgrade theatres on the topic of the role of theatre in the audience development and generation of the ?additional? social value, contextualizing the opinions in relation to the current circumstances, i. e. specific practices of these institutions. In conclusion, an original theoretical model of ?two-way adaptation of public city theatres? is developed, recognizing the importance of strategic action in culture both ?bottom-up? and ?top-down?, and proposing exact activities and approaches to theatre and cultural policy in the field of theater audience development.

Working in partnership: The role of Peer Assisted Study Sessions in engaging the Citizen Scholar

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Peer Learning ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Social ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Learning Interventions ◽  
Insight Into

This article argues that peer learning, specifically Peer Assisted Study Sessions, supported by academic tutors, is a valuable part of the agenda to emphasise the social mission of higher education. This study draws on data collected at two time points from respondents who were trained as Peer Assisted Study Sessions leaders. The data reveal that peer learning interventions nurture specific proficiencies and attributes of the Citizen Scholar, particularly creativity and innovation, design thinking and resilience. This study focuses on how Peer Assisted Study Sessions leader respondents conceptualise and articulate their own learning, relating it to the development of these specific proficiencies and attributes. It also offers insight into how Peer Assisted Study Sessions leaders foster the skills of citizen scholarship for those participating in their sessions.

scholarly journals Oxytocin and the Neurobiology of Prosocial Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842096011
Author(s):  
Nina Marsh ◽  
Abigail A. Marsh ◽  
Mary R. Lee ◽  
René Hurlemann
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neuropeptide Hormone ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Conceptual Overview

Humans are an unusually prosocial species, who engage in social behaviors that include altruism—whereby an individual engages in costly or risky acts to improve the welfare of another person—care, and cooperation. Current perspectives on the neurobiology of human prosociality suggest that it is deeply rooted in the neuroendocrine architecture of the social brain and emphasize the modulatory role of the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin. In this review, we provide a conceptual overview of the neurobiology of prosocial behavior with a focus on oxytocin’s modulatory role in human prosociality. Specifically, we aim to encourage a better understanding of the peptide’s susceptibility to diverse factors that produce heterogeneity in outcomes and the resulting methodological implications for measuring the behavioral effects of oxytocin in humans. After providing an overview of the state-of-the-art research on oxytocin’s exogenous use, we elaborate on the peptide’s modulatory role in the context of care-based altruism, cooperation, and conflict and discuss its potential for therapeutic interventions in psychiatric disorders characterized by social dysfunction.

scholarly journals Employees’ Bottom Line Mentality and Safety Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Safety Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 02064
Author(s):  
Shiwei Sun ◽  
Han Ren
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

This paper is among the first to explore the relationship between employees’ bottom line mentality (BLM) and safety behaviors, as well as the moderating role of safety climate in this relationship. Drawing on the social cognitive theory, we hypothesize that a) employees’ BLM is positively correlated with safety behaviors; b) safety climate plays a significant moderating role between BLM and safety behaviors. We tested the data using AMOS and SPSS software, and the results from three-wave surveys of 275 employees provide broadly consistent support for our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications and future directions are also discussed.

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