The State and the Jews: Reflections on Difficult Freedom

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Annette Aronowicz
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Second World ◽  
Do So

AbstractThis essay examines the contrast between two conceptions of the universal, one represented by the modern State and the other by the Jewish people. In order to do so, it returns to the collection of essays on Judaism Levinas wrote in the approximately two decades after the Second World War, Difficult Freedom. Its aim is to focus specifically on the political dimension within this collection and then to step back and reflect on how his way of speaking of the political appears to us a full generation later. As is well known, Levinas's approach to the political has a way of escaping that realm, while nonetheless remaining relevant to it. This is what we shall try to capture and to evaluate.

14. War and world politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarak Barkawi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines how war fits into the study of international relations and the ways it affects world politics. It begins with an analysis of the work of the leading philosopher of war, Carl von Clausewitz, to highlight the essential nature of war, the main types of war, and the idea of strategy. It then considers some important developments in the history of warfare, both in the West and elsewhere, with particular emphasis on interrelationships between the modern state, armed force, and war in the West and in the global South. Two case studies are presented, one focusing on war and Eurocentrism during the Second World War, and the other on the impact of war on society by looking at France, Vietnam, and the United States. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether democracy creates peace among states.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED GEOMATIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE LOCALIZATION AND GEOREFERENCING OF ANCIENT HERMITAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
V. Baiocchi ◽  
M. Onori ◽  
M. Scuti
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Second World ◽  
Do So

Abstract. Historical maps represent an important source of geographical information. The changes occurred over time can be extrapolated from them, especially if their geometric accuracies match those achievable with modern survey techniques. An 1820 map belonging to the Gregorian Cadastre provides the position of seven hermitages belonging to the monastery of Fara in Sabina (Italy). Just three of them are nowadays visible, while the others may have been covered by thick vegetation or been destroyed during the Second World War. The paper proposes the integration of geomatic techniques for the localization of the lost hermitages. To do so, Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms were applied to UAV imagery to produce an orthophoto of the area. In addition, a GNSS survey was carried out using a professional and a low-cost receiver to correctly georeference the photogrammetric products. An accuracy assessment was then performed to evaluate the performance of the u-blox board in real applications. The accuracies obtained with the low-cost receiver indicates a possible more widespread utilization of these new devices. Subsequently, the comparison between the orthophoto and the cadastral map have been detailed. A weak correspondence between the position of the hermitages in the two maps have been observed. On the other side, the comparison led to the localization of two lost hermitages, with the other two being still undiscovered. This study has opened the door to an enhancement process of the monastery and to the rediscovery of the religious values of the hermitages.

Carpatho-Ukraine’s Defeat as a Precursor of WWII Part 2

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
A.I. Kudriachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
Significant Factors

The author emphasizes that the growing national self-identification and selfawareness of the Ukrainians, the political balance of powers at the turn of 1938– 1939 in Czechoslovakia and the international arena were significant factors in the state aspirations of the residents of the Transcarpathian region. At the same time, the processes of autonomization, formation, and liquidation of Carpatho-Ukraine were determined not only by its socio-economic position, but also by the latent diplomatic and geopolitical confrontation. The establishment of Carpatho-Ukraine was associated with the military confrontation and, for the first time, was accompanied not only by a number of military operations, but also by the massive heroism of its defenders, who opposed the invaders. According to the current definitions, all this constituted the hybrid war, which became the harbinger and real percursor of the Second World War.

14. War and world politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Tarak Barkawi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines how war fits into the study of international relations and the ways it affects world politics. It begins with an analysis of the work of the leading philosopher of war, Carl von Clausewitz, to highlight the essential nature of war, the main types of war, and the idea of strategy. It then considers some important developments in the history of warfare, both in the West and elsewhere, with particular emphasis on interrelationships between the modern state, armed force, and war in the West and in the global South. Two case studies are presented, one focusing on war and Eurocentrism during the Second World War, and the other on the impact of war on society by looking at France, Vietnam, and the United States. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether democracy creates peace among states.

scholarly journals Distressed Glamour. Genres and Political-Social Context in Hungarian Cinema of the 1930s and 1940s

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Zsolt Pápai
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe article focuses on Hungarian films produced between 1939–1944 by examining how they tend to refrain from representing conflicts, and scrutinizing the political as well as social issues. However, directors started to revise this avoidance of conflicts by employing a so-called noir sensibility from the beginning of the Second World War in certain films, especially in “doomed love movies” such as Deadly Spring (Halálos tavasz, 1939), Mountain Girl (A hegyek lánya, 1942), and A Woman Looks Back (Egy assszony visszanéz, 1942), or melodramas, such as At the Crossroads (Keresztúton, 1942), Lent Life (Kölcsönadott élet, 1943), and Black Dawn (Fekete hajnal, 1943). The essay also offers a case study of the banned Hungarian movie Half a Boy (Egy fiúnak a fele, shot in 1943, but only shown in February 1946) by D. Ákos Hamza, which represented and protested against the stigmatization of Jewish people. Half a Boy is an often-cited emblematic film of its era. It is also an enigmatic one: it is a work full of social and political-historical reflections. Its humanistic point of view makes it outstanding in its era, nevertheless it is also rather ambivalent in terms of its orientation of values.

Continuïteit en discontinuïteit in het Belgisch Europabeleid

Res Publica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Rik Coolsaet
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Second World

European states, including Belgium, have looked at the construction of Europe through an economie and a political prism. Both dimensions have evolved following parallel paths. In Belgium a large consensus has always existed concerning the economie dimension of the European construction. In this respect Belgiums post-1945 European policies area direct continuation of the interwar efforts to build a West-European economic area, based on a free trade philosophy and a rejection of economic nationalism which always handicapped small trading states such as Belgium. Even before the second world war the Belgian elite thus accepted the principles of economic multilateralism.In the political dimension however a consensus on a federal Europe only emerged at the end of the seventies. Till then, important parts of the Belgian political elite remained sceptical and even hostile to the construction of a supranational Europe, based on a traditional view on political autonomy and independence. The reasons why Belgian views on the political dimension of Europe slowly shifted to a federal objective were partly domestic and partly the result of the growing awareness that a small countries' political interests in the world can be best pursued through supranationality.

British and Indian Ideas of ‘Development’: Decoding Political Conventions in the Late Colonial State

Itinerario ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 162-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
World War ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Second World

What was the ‘late colonial state’ in India? Purely chronologically, it might be taken to be a period from the 1920s or the 1930s onwards; but this is with the benefit of hindsight. Most writers are in agreement that, despite the political rhetoric of British imperialism in India, it was not until the Second World War that an actual withdrawal from India was seriously contemplated by Britain, with the definite reservation that matters of imperial importance such as defence and economic interest should be controlled by Britain as far as possible. If an acceptance by the colonial power of impending decolonisation is to be the basis of such a characterisation, then it is doubtful whether there was a late colonial state at all. If, on the other hand, a difference in the forms of control and of exercise of power over the colony from earlier periods is to be the basis of the characterisation ‘late’, then perhaps there is more of a case for a use of the term ‘late colonial state’ as more than a mere chronological device.

scholarly journals Wpływ władz państwowych na obsadę stanowisk kościelnych w Diecezji Łomżyńskiej w latach 1945-1989

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-244
Author(s):  
Witold Jemielity
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parish Priests ◽  
Second World

Immediately after the Second World War the Bishop appointed Parish-Priests on the base of the concordat regulations issued in the year 1925, while, on the other hand, he appointed curates by himself. On motion of the decree issued on this February 9th in the year 1953 filling up vacancies for both Parish-Priests and Curates was completely dependent on the will of the government The decree issued on this December 31st in the year 1956 and binding till the year 1989 refered to Parish-Priests only. In the 60's the voivodship authorities repeatedly rejected Bishop's applications so he refered the matter to the ministry. The main reason of the State authorities' denial was defianse of the priests as regards registration of the catechetic points and keeping stock-books. Since the 70's government authorities less and less resticted the power of the Bishop as regards filling up church vacancies and since 1989 the Bishop has gained complete freedom on this matter.

Nechama Tec Defiance: The Bielski Partisans

1998 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Franklin Littell
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
World War ◽  
Chief Of Staff ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Second World

This chapter assesses Nechama Tec's book, Defiance: The Bielski Partisans, which introduces a new aspect to the history of the Holocaust period. The book details how several hundred men, women, and children in western Belorussia during the Second World War maintained a surviving and fighting community. These Jewish partisans were blessed with a gifted leader, Tuvia Bielski. Bielski emerged out of the chaos of war conditions and the assault on the Jewish people, an assault not only by the Germans but by some sectors of the peoples subject to their military occupation. Around him he gathered a triad of loyal and gifted aides: his brothers Asael and Zus, and his chief of staff Lazar Malbin. Their relationship with Russian partisan groups ranged from precarious to friendly, depending on the measure of overt antisemitism on the part of the other partisans. The Bielski group pursued a policy of harsh retribution towards villagers who collaborated with the Germans and helped to recapture Jews. The non-Jewish villagers came to respect the courage and efficiency of the Jewish partisans and there were fewer denunciations and safer roads as a result.

The recording and reporting of floating ice

Polar Record ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (60) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
Second World

The need to record and report the distribution of floating ice has arisen where-ever ships have been required to sail regularly in ice-filled waters. Various systems have been developed to meet the needs of particular areas, but these have grown up largely independently of each other. Such systems are generally designed to fulfil either, or both, of two purposes. One is the immediate end of providing material for a synoptic ice map, which is the basis of help to ships in the form of statements of the present whereabouts of the ice or predictions of its movements for a short period ahead. The other is a longer-term end, such as ice probability study, which seeks to utilize past records over as many years as possible in order to ascertain, in general terms, the probability of access to a given place at a given time; a result of such a study may be, for example, an ice atlas, of which two, covering wide areas, have appeared since the Second World War. Another long-term end is use of the ice pattern as an index of climatic change. Both lines of ice study require detailed information on the state of the ice, but each puts it to a different use. The problem, then, consists of devising a means of recording on paper, either photographically, cartographically, by means of explanatory text, or in some form of code convenient for radio transmission, the relevant facts about the distribution and behaviour of an area of floating ice, and also of reporting these in comprehensible terms, first to a collecting centre, and then to the users.

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