Mythen, die unter die Haut gehen—zur literarischen Form der Tätowierelegie (PBrux. inv. e 8934 und PSorb. inv. 2254)

Mnemosyne ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn the tattoo elegy, written on a papyrus from the second century BC, a speaker threatens to tattoo pictures of mythical sinners and their punishment on someone's skin. I try to show that this alludes to the ancient practice of tattooing a text which describes the offences of a criminal on his body. At the same time, the possible erotic context of the poem suggests that it modifies the mainly elegiac topos of leaving marks (notae in Latin) on the skin of the beloved (part 1). In the following parts I concentrate on the two most important literary forms the tattoo elegy combines, namely ecphrasis and catalogue. The poet stresses the catalogue form on different levels of content as well as of form (part 2). The combination of both forms is already prepared for in archaic poetry (part 3). The speaker exploits the uncertainty whether the description only tells what is represented in the pictures or whether it becomes a narrative expansion without a visible equivalent. This uncertainty is inherent in every ecphrasis, but in this special case, where the production of the picture is connected with the pain of the tattooing, it reaches a new degree of intensity.

scholarly journals Heterolingualism and the Holocaust: Translating the Ineffable in Hélène Berr’s Journal

Humanities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Stephanie Munyard
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
English Version ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Nazi Persecution ◽  
German Edition

By drawing attention to Hélène Berr’s use of foreign languages and literature as acts of translation, arguably one of the most prominent features of her Journal, this paper hopes to lay the foundation for a more sustained discussion of what translation means for victims of Nazi persecution, as well as of what translation does to their voices and for the continued transmission of their memories. The first section of this paper considers how Hélène Berr uses translation as a communicative aid to expression and argues that foreign languages, literary forms of expression, and also literature itself form part of a broader network of substitute vocabularies that function to help Berr to narrate, or even to translate, the ineffable. After considering the important role that heterolingualism and these substitute vocabularies play in Berr’s narrative, the paper raises some of the distinct challenges that linguistic plurality poses to translators of narratives of Nazi persecution. By drawing on, and comparing, examples from a textual analysis of the (2008) English version of Berr’s Journal, translated by David Bellos, and from the (2009) German edition, translated by Elisabeth Edl, and crucially through assessments of citations from the translators themselves, this paper highlights the significant role that translators, and the practice of translation, play in shaping memories of Nazi persecution.

scholarly journals Simplified analysis of chord and brace effects on jack-up leg penetration for preloading in soft clay

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1900-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aagesen ◽  
E.T.R. Dean ◽  
F.H. Lee ◽  
Y.P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soft Clay ◽  
Centrifuge Model ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Simplified Analysis ◽  
Jack Up ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Centrifuge Model Tests

The main codes of practice governing jack-up preloading presently do not consider the possibility of beneficial effects of soil resistance generated by leg chord and leg brace members as they move downwards through disturbed soil that has been squeezed past the spudcan to form part of the backfill. This paper argues that these effects can be significant for the special case of deep penetrations in soft clay. An approximate method of estimating the effects is proposed and discussed. Results are found to be broadly consistent with recent centrifuge model tests and numerical analyses. Further work is recommended to explore these potentially important and certainly complex effects.

scholarly journals The suspension of solids in a turbulent stream

1937 ◽  
Vol 162 (911) ◽  
pp. 583-597 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Artificial Channel ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Exponential Relation

A considerable amount of research has been done recently on the mechanism by which grains of sand, etc., may be picked up by a river or by a gale of wind and carried to some distance. In particular Jeffreys (1929) has considered the theoretical aspects of the action while the writer (1934) and Bagnold (1936) have published experimental data on the action by which the grains are picked up in water and air respectively. Another problem of considerable practical importance is th a t of the quantity—or, more strictly, the time average of the quantity—of solid material carried at different levels above the bed or ground. Up to the present, data on this question have all been collected in relation to a special case, i. e. that in which the particles have the same size and density. Thus, Hurst (1929) collected samples of uniformly graded sand at different depths in a turbo-cylinder containing a vigorously stirred mixture of sieved sand in water, and showed that, in the body of the cylinder, an exponential relation between “weight” of sample and height above the bottom of the vessel existed. The present paper is mainly concerned with measurements of the concentration of the suspended material near the uniformly graded bed of an artificial channel and the application of these results to the conditions in a natural stream.

scholarly journals Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Rerat ◽  
P. Vaissade ◽  
P. Vaugelade
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absorption Kinetics ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sugar Hydrolysis

1. Concentrations of reducing sugars, glucose, fructose and lactic acid in blood obtained from arterial and portal catheters were measured for periods of 8–24 h in twenty-three unanaesthetized pigs (mean body-weight 50 kg). From 6 to 8 d after implantation of catheters, the animals received experimental meals containing different levels (400, 800, 1200, 1600 g respectively) of different sugars (glucose ten meals, sucrose eighteen meals, lactose nine meals, maize starch sixteen meals) as well as a protein–mineral–vitamin premix.2. After each meal the reducing sugars appeared in the portal blood in successive waves. The porto-arterial differences in the concentration of reducing sugars, representing the real appearance of sugar-hydrolysis products in the animal, varied greatly according to the sugar ingested and its level of intake. For each level of intake, these differences were larger, but of shorter duration, for glucose and sucrose than for maize starch. For these three carbohydrates, the higher the level of ingestion, the larger and the more persistent the porto-arterial differences. Lactose represented a special case, as the porto-arterial differences of reducing sugars were always much lower than those obtained with the other sugars and they did not vary with the level of intake.3. Our findings show that the products formed by feeding glucose and sucrose appear more rapidly in the portal blood than those formed by feeding lactose. Accordingly, the length of time of digestion of glucose and sucrose is shorter than that of maize starch and lactose.

Orality and Refractions of Early Literary Textualizations in Gurdjieff’s Beelzebub’s Tales to His Grandson

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Michael Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Oral Storytelling ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
Magnum Opus

In this article I present and discuss some of the literary aspects of G.I. Gurdjieff’s Beelzebub’s Tales to His Grandson (published in 1949) and analyze, in broader strokes, the reflection and residue in his work of oral and early literary cultures. Written in the 1920s, and revised into the 1930s, Gurdjieff’s 1,200+ page magnum opus draws significantly from pre-existing literary and religious traditions and stands in the liminal space between orality and writing in a number of notable ways. Not only is Beelzebub’s Tales told in the mode of a dialogue, between Beelzebub and his grandson, Hassein, but the text of the Tales themselves reflect an influence both direct and indirect from oral storytelling, popular culture, and early literary forms that were prevalent in wellknown, as well as lesser known, literary texts particularly from the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries. I first address briefly Gurdjieff’s own attitude toward oral culture and language as expressed in the preface to his work. I then focus on Beelzebub’s Tales and several points of correspondence with early textualizations of oral culture such as The Arabian Nights, Boccaccio’s The Decameron, and a notable example from the second century, The Golden Ass. Gurdjieff’s Beelzebub’s Tales stands in its own time and context between oral and literate cultures and employs and parallels many of the formal and cultural elements of these early textualizations in the same way that they did in their own time.

scholarly journals Ownership governance and performance in Spanish-Moroccan joint ventures

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Victoria Lopez-Perez ◽  
Maria Carmen Perez-Lopez ◽  
Lazaro Rodriguez-Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Management Team ◽  
International Joint Ventures ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Joint ◽  
Form Part ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

This paper analyses the impact of ownership on performance by SMEs formed as Spanish-Moroccan international joint ventures (IJVs). In such SMEs, the functions and persons involved at different levels of governance – ownership, board and managers – often overlap. The results obtained from 210 SMEs suggest that owners often exert control by participating in the other mechanisms of governance. Their participation as members of the board has a positive influence on performance and thus the success of the IJV, but when owners form part of the management team (a less frequent situation), the influence on performance is negative and not significant. Participation by owners in the management team is not associated with the IJV’s performance.

scholarly journals RESISTENCIA Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE AUTONOMÍA: UNA EXPERIENCIA COMUNITARIA ZAPATISTA

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Nicolás González Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Different Levels

En este artículo describo y explico las formas en que los zapatistas están construyendo procesos de resistencia y de autonomía en pequeños espacios que integran el complejo territorio autónomo zapatista. Con la intención de que se pueda comprender la complejidad del proceso que están desarrollando a niveles más amplios, identifico los problemas que pretenden superar e identifico también las relaciones que mantienen con «los otros» con quienes comparten territorio. La información la obtuve de forma directa dentro de la comunidad analizada utilizando una metodología participativa donde la observación fue fundamental. Formo parte de la comunidad y hablo la lengua nativa y estos aspectos fueron de suma importancia para construir los diversos niveles de discusión que desarrollo.   RESISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTONOMY: A ZAPATISTA COMMUNITY EXPERIENCEABSTRACTThis article describes and explains the ways in which the Zapatistas are constructing resistance and autonomy processes in small areas that form part of the complex autonomous Zapatista territory. In order to help understand the complexity of the process that the Zapatistas are developing at broader levels, the author identifies the problems that they aim to overcome as well as the relations that they have with «the others» with whom they share the territory. The author obtained information directly from within the analyzed community through a participatory methodology in which observation played a crucial role. The author is part of the community and speaks the native language. These aspects were of supreme importance for the construction of different levels of discussion that unfolded.

scholarly journals Potentials of the Three Spaces Theory for Understandings of Cartography, Virtual Realities, and Augmented Spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Kühne
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Virtual Realities ◽  
The Media ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractFor about three decades, cartography has been (critically) studied from a theoretical perspective. This perspective has contributed to the recognition of the social preconditions and effects of cartographic representations, but little to their further development. From the theory of three worlds, a theory of three spaces or its special case of landscapes is derived, whose modes of construction are presented as well as the derivations from the different modes. The categories of material, virtual and their combination of augmented spaces as well as the media (such as painting, texts or models) of the construction of space/landscape are added. The formulas derived from this illustrate the different aspects and relations of the constructions of space on the different levels and against the background of the different categories. Thus developed, the theory of three spaces or landscapes provides a framework for neopragmatic exploration, here, of maps, virtual and augmented spaces.

SEARCHING A POLYGONAL REGION FROM THE BOUNDARY

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 529-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICHIRO SUZUKI ◽  
YUICHI TAZOE ◽  
MASAFUMI YAMASHITA ◽  
TIKO KAMEDA
Keyword(s):  
Extension Theorem ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
Planar Boundary ◽  
Polygonal Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
Monotonic Extension ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Polygon Search Problem

Polygon search is the problem of finding mobile intruders who move unpredictably in a polygonal region, using one or more mobile searchers. Different levels of vision are assumed to model the ability of the searchers. In this paper we mainly consider a special case of this problem, termed boundary search, in which a single searcher has to find the intruders from the boundary of the region. Our main result is that a single searcher whose vision is limited to the ray of a single flashlight is just as capable as a single searcher having a light bulb that gives 360° vision, that is, any polygon that can be searched by the latter from the boundary can also be searched by the former from the boundary. The proof of the equivalence uses another new result, termed Monotonic Extension Theorem, together with a two-dimensional diagram called the planar boundary visibility map that represents the status of the search as a function of time. We partially settle a long-standing conjecture on the equivalence of the abilities of two types of searchers, one having two flashlights and the other having full 360° vision, for the general (non-boundary) polygon search problem.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LABOR EMPLOYMENT ASSESMENT ON PRODUCTION MACHINE TO MINIMIZE TIME PRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Tri Hernawati
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Assignment Problems ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Hungarian Algorithm ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Research Analysis

. Every company both in the field of service and manufacturing always trying to pass efficiency of it’s resource use. One resource that has an important role is labor. Labor has different efficiency levels for different jobs anyway. Problems related to the optimal allocation of labor that has different levels of efficiency for different jobs are called assignment problems, which is a special case of linear programming. In this research, Analysis of Labor Employment Assesment on Production Machine to Minimize Time Production, in PT PDM is done by using Hungarian algorithm. The aim of the research is to get the assignment of optimal labor on production machine to minimize time production. The results showed that the assignment of existing labor is not suitable because the time of completion of the assignment is longer than the assignment by using the Hungarian algorithm. By applying the Hungarian algorithm obtained time savings of 16%.

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