The Transformation of Monastic Habits

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-640
Author(s):  
Kyunghee Pyun
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
School Uniforms ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Christian Missionary

Abstract In this paper, I posit that the transformation of monastic habits is observed and maintained in East Asian school uniforms. School uniforms at the schools founded by religious orders, mainly by Protestant and Catholic missionaries, could have manifested faith and religious identity. These religious authorities, who acted as managers of civic education, coincided with other public and private schools founded in secular contexts, unlike the religious emblems of those groups in their home countries. Many schools founded by Christian missionaries in East Asia in the early twentieth century eliminated a “sacred versus profane” dichotomy in their school uniforms and school symbols. In the formulation of a nation state in East Asia, homogeneity among inhabitants was more important than a faith-based religious identity by each Christian missionary group. Wearers of school uniforms in East Asia were taught to nurture civic identity along with the faith.

Citizen Duty and the Ethical Power of Communities: Mixed-Method Evidence from East Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aram Hur
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Ethical Obligation ◽  
Method Evidence ◽  
Expected Payoffs

Why do citizens choose to comply in democracies, even when coercion is limited? Existing answers focus on contractual trust or expected payoffs. I show that a different pathway exists in the ethical pull of the nation. A large literature in political theory argues that special communities, such as the nation, can instill an ethical obligation to the collective welfare, even in the absence of formal rules. I argue that when the identities of one’s nation and the state are seen as closely linked, this national obligation is politicized towards the state and motivates a sense of citizen duty to comply. Through statistical modeling and a pair of experiments in South Korea versus Taiwan – two otherwise similar democracies that contrast in nation-state linkage – I show that this ethical pathway is likely real and highly contextual. The findings help us better understand the varied bases of citizen compliance in democracies.

Spectrum of Public and Private Spheres in East Asia

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Mika Markus Merviö
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Social Models ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Japanese Politics

This chapter discusses the significance of cultural traditions for social development in East Asian societies, in particular Japan and Korea. The chapter treats culture and society in a broad sense in order to find out what makes the East Asian case specific. Moreover, the chapter provides a reinterpretation of Japanese social realities and social models in 2013 when Japanese politics and society are going through the transformation known as Abenomics.

scholarly journals The Singaporean natural gas hub: reassembling global production networks and markets in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1262
Author(s):  
Alexander Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract Recently, economic geographers have sought to account for how regional and national initiatives shape the strategic decisions of actors in global production networks (GPNs). In this article, I intend to discuss the political and institutional dynamics by which GPNs evolve, and the capacity of states to shape emerging organizational and spatial arrangements in dynamic GPNs. Building on assemblage thinking, I conceptualize these political and institutional dynamics as the unbundling of legal, regulatory and institutional components of nation-state authorities that govern GPNs, and the subsequent reassembling of these components through emerging interactions with finance, technology and new forms of private authority. These emerging global assemblages are both partially embedded in global cities and stretch across and within the borders of nation-states. Building on this conceptual framework, this article explains how the exclusive nation-state authorities that traditionally governed liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade and markets are becoming unbundled. The article focuses on the initiatives of public and private actors in Singapore who are attempting to shape evolutionary dynamics in GPNs by establishing a hub for LNG trading and speculative financing in Asia. The article finds that Singapore’s capacity to shape LNG production networks is dependent upon the capacity of public and private actors in Singapore to establish cross-border connectivity to markets in Southeast Asia.

The Hungarian Professional Theatre in Greater Romania, 1918–1930

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Pompilia Burcică
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Company Directors ◽  
Class Status ◽  
New Nation

In this article Pompila Burcică traces the work and legal conditions in which Hungarian theatre professionals – company directors and actors – operated as a national minority of middle-class status in Greater Romania after 1918. Their attempts at representing Hungarian culture in the public space, as revealed in their business correspondence with the Romanian state, placed theatre professionals not at the vanguard of a collective action on behalf of a minority and its cultural life, but at the forefront of civic engagement and individual private initiative that led to economic recovery and development, thus illustrating the array of civic choices and economic opportunities for minorities holding Romanian citizenship in a nation state. The article focuses on two issues: the work environment for minorities that helped them adjust professionally and negotiate and exert a civic identity in the new nation state; and the degree to which a cultural field such as theatre was actually treated as an economic entrerprise, free of political interference. These civic and economic concerns accounted for the success of these theatre entrepreneurs, operating their businesses under the control of a paternalistic state.

L'État-nation, Une forme de fermeture sociale

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Examination ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The study begins with a critical examination of two opposing, theories of nationalism. Next, the relationship between the State and nationalism in the form of the nation state is seen as a process of social formation during which a compromise is established between public and private elites, and the people: loyalty is exchanged for the right to participate in social rights. In the third part, the author considers the future of a number of Southern states in relation to the fundamentals of nation formation.

School discipline, school uniforms and academic performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Baumann ◽  
Hana Krskova
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
East Asia ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Far East ◽  
School Uniforms ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Student Assessment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of school discipline in achieving academic performance. The study aims to clarify the role of permissive vis-à-vis authoritative teaching styles with an overarching hypothesis that better discipline leads to better academic performance. The authors also probe whether uniformed students have better discipline. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Programme for International Student Assessment data on school discipline dimensions: students listening well, noise levels, teacher waiting time, students working well, class start time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis on five geographic groups established by Baumann and Winzar (2016) was applied to test for geographic differences (Europe, Americas, Far East Asia, Rest of Asia, Anglo-Saxon cluster) in school discipline. ANOVA was further used to test for school discipline and academic performance. Third, t-tests on five discipline dimensions were run to test for differences between students who wear uniforms and those who do not. Findings – The results demonstrate differences in school discipline across five geographic clusters, with East Asia leading the way. The authors demonstrate significant differences in discipline for low, medium and high performing students. Peak-performing students have the highest level of discipline. Students wearing a uniform listen better with lower teacher waiting times. Originality/value – Students peak perform when teachers create a disciplined atmosphere where students listen to teachers, where noise levels in the classroom are low and they do not have to wait to start class and teach. Good discipline allows students to work well and this ultimately leads to better academic performance. Uniforms contribute to better discipline in everyday school operations. The findings support that in general, implementing school uniforms at schools might enhance discipline and allow for better learning. The authors recommend keeping uniforms where they are already used and to consider introducing uniforms where they are not yet common.

Practical Initiative by Pemsea / Earl to Promote OPRC in East Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 909-911
Author(s):  
Declan O'Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT The issue of sustainable development is critical for the future prosperity of East Asia. The Region has seen rapid economic progress in recent years but at a cost to the environment. There is significant oil tanker traffic through the seas of East Asia as oil is transported from the Middle East to North Asia. In recent years, there have been a number of significant spills in the region. The oil industry has been active in establishing resources in the region, including East Asia Response Limited, to help with the response to oil spills. A GEF/UNDP/MO initiative PEMSEA (Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia) has been developing and promoting strategies and action plans to ensure better environmental management in East Asia. This can be best achieved by building partnerships amongst all the concerned stakeholders, public and private, at local, national and regional levels. Strengthening the technical and management expertise in environmental issues, including oil spills, of local government officials within the region is a key element in ensuring long term sustainable development. The private sector can play a very useful role in helping to build this expertise. East Asia Response and PEMSEA have been collaborating closely to improve the oil spill response knowledge and expertise of local officials in the region. Delegates to jointly held training courses have come from Brunei, Cambodia, the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The courses have allowed us a valuable opportunity to present to the delegates the oil industry's approach to oil spill response. Topics, such as the tiered response concept, contingency planning and net environmental benefit analysis have been well received. Delegates will now be better able to promote oil spill response preparedness and response capability in their home country, thereby, contributing to the sustained development of their economy.

scholarly journals Vietnamese Revolutionaries and the Early Spread of Communism to Peninsular Southeast Asia: Towards a Regional Perspective

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Goscha
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Modern Nation State ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Perspective

This paper adopts a regional and geographical approach to show how the early spread of communism to mainland South-east Asia owes much to overseas Chinese and overland Vietnamese patterns of immigration. This wider approach seeks to get beyond the frontiers of nationalist histories and the formation of the 'modern' nation-state (whether colonial or national) in order to think in more material terms about how communism and not entirely unlike Catholicism or any other religion first entered mainland Southeast Asia on the ground, by which channels, by which groups of people and at which times. The idea is to begin mapping out the introduction and spread of communism in peninsular Southeast Asia in both time and space. This, in turn, provides us with a methodologically and historically sounder basis for thinking about the 'why' of this Sino-Vietnamese revolutionary graft and the failure of this brand of conmmunism to take hold in certain places and among certain peoples outside of China and Vietnam.

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