Applying Syed Hussein Alatas’s Ideas in Contemporary Malaysian Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-338
Author(s):  
Sharifah Munirah Alatas
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Education System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract What do Malaysians understand by the term, “intellectual”? Is the intellectual in the Malaysian context undefined, or insignificant? Do Malaysians see the need for intellectuals? Answers to these questions reflect the extant to which Malaysia has advanced in her post-colonial development. Amidst the race towards IR 4.0 and Society 5.0, Malaysia’s education system lags behind and leaders continue to be embroiled in identity politics. Syed Hussein Alatas, a world-renowned Malaysian intellectual, raised these questions in the 1950s. His writings focus on social change, corruption, and intellectual captivity. Even though his writings are easily accessible, his ideas have not been widely assimilated by Malaysia’s ruling elite, as part of the reform agenda. This article highlights the relevance of Alatas’s ideas in Malaysia’s current socio-political transformation. It concludes that leadership’s failure to identify relevant problems is because they have neglected the vital role of intellectuals, such as the critical ideas of Syed Hussein Alatas.

Underdevelopment, Obstacles to the Perception of Change, and Leadership

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert O. Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cumulative Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

This chapter challenges the defeatism of Hirschman's friends and colleagues during the 1950s–1960s, when numerous political and social upheavals were happening worldwide. In this chapter, Hirschman explains that many of the so-called “structural causes”—a term advanced by his Latin American colleagues in the social sciences which refers to entrenched obstacles that make all efforts to change self-defeating—are ideological constructs. The chapter discusses two obstacles to the perception of change: the persistence of traits which are related to the “little traditions,” as well as the bias in the perception of cumulative change. It argues that the real, “stealthy” change that was actually occurring is being obscured in the process and the vital role of political and intellectual leadership is thus ignored.

The role of psychological counseling and educational guidance services in addressing the psychological and intellectual problems of youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 353-406
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
Educational Guidance ◽  
Basic Features

The psychological counseling and educational guidance services played an important vital role in the educational process, as each one complements the other, so psychological counseling is one of the basic features of educational systems through the services it provides to treat many problems through follow-up and knowledge of the different students' conditions surrounding them as well as finding Appropriate solutions to their problems Hence, this idea of our research came to shed light on the role of counseling and providing practical scientific advice in the form of psychological counseling and educational guidance services. Among the social groups most interacting and responding to social change when it occurs and through its various stages is the youth group, which makes it vulnerable to many problems, either because it is the most present actor in the mechanisms of social change, especially in its cultural aspects, or because it is unable to confront the forces of change that negatively affect their being and their performance of their roles. Actual or anticipated. The study was conducted on university students in Basra, and it aimed to identify: 1- The role of psychological counseling services in addressing youth problems 2- Psychological problems of youth. 3- Youth intellectual problems. The current research community included students of Basra University for the academic year(2019-2020). The research sample consisted of (544) male and female students of (321) male and (233) female students, and approximately (18%) of the original community members were chosen by the random stratified method, and the researcher used frequencies and percentages to verify the objectives of the research. Through the course of the research, the researcher reached to the existence of psychological and intellectual problems among the students, and in light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals. key words: Psychological counseling, problems, psychological and intellectual, sample, experiment, conclusions, discussion of results, recommendations, proposals.

6. The role of identity in African politics

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Ian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Colonization Period

‘The role of identity in African politics’ explains that identity politics are symptoms of Africa’s underdevelopment, not the cause, and the prominence of such political mobilization reflects much deeper structural problems facing many post-colonial states. Before the colonial era, African societies were based on notions of identity, such as the family, ancestral lineage, the clan, or the community. Colonial rule forced together different communities (some of which were traditionally hostile to each other) and was mainly responsible for producing the situation found today where very few nation states exist. Colonial authorities concretized differences among and between the subjugated and the de-colonization period further contributed to the politicization of identity.

EDUCATING THE MURID: THEORY AND PRACTICES OF EDUCATION IN AMADU BAMBA'S THOUGHT

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheikh Anta Babou
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Principal Tool

AbstractThe scholarship on the Muridiyya focuses mainly on the examination of the political and economic aspects of the brotherhood. Dominant scholarly interpretations see the organisation as an effective instrument of adaptation to a turbulent period in history. Disgruntled Wolof farmers joined the Muridiyya as a way of adjusting to the new order brought about by the demise of the pre-colonial kingdoms and the establishment of French domination in Senegal, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Since the role of religious innovations and beliefs was considered peripheral in this process of adjustment, not much attention has been devoted to doctrinal and spiritual issues within the brotherhood. Emphasis had been put on the analysis of the socio-political context of the founding of the Murid brotherhood, and the economic and psychological incentives that might have motivated people to join the organisation. In contrast to this interpretation, I conceive of the Muridiyya as the result of a conscious decision by a Sufi shaikh who saw it primarily as a vehicle for religious change, but also for social and political transformation. Education was the principal tool for the realisation of this social change. This article describes and analyses Amadu Bamba's views on educational theory and practices and explores how his Sufi orientation shaped Murid pedagogy. It reveals the centrality of the theme of education in his writings, sermons and correspondence and documents the continuing influence of this education on the Murid ethos.

scholarly journals ZANZIBARIS OR AMAKHUWA? SUFI NETWORKS IN SOUTH AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, AND THE INDIAN OCEAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Kaarsholm
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ritual Practices

AbstractThis article investigates the role of Sufi networks in keeping Durban's ‘Zanzibari’ community of African Muslims together and developing their response to social change and political developments from the 1950s to the post-apartheid period. It focuses on the importance of religion in giving meaning to notions of community, and discusses the importance of the Makua language in maintaining links with northern Mozambique and framing understandings of Islam. The transmission of ritual practices of the Rifaiyya, Qadiriyya, and Shadhiliyya Sufi brotherhoods is highlighted, as is the significance of Maputo as a node for such linkages. The article discusses change over time in notions of cosmopolitanism, diaspora, and belonging, and examines new types of interactions after 1994 between people identifying themselves as Amakhuwa in Durban and Mozambique.

scholarly journals POTENSI PESANTREN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI SYARIAH

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economy System ◽  
The Ideal

In the social system of Muslim society in Indonesia, pesantrens play a vital role in forming the ideal Muslim society order. Pesantrens and their sources also become the agent of social change because of their inclusive characteristics.The more rapid shariah economy, either as the economy system or as economics, makes sure the role of pesantrens because of the potencies that they have. The potencies that we can get from pesantrens to develop shariah economy are: (1) pesantrens as  agents of social changing in the field of shariah economy; (2) pesantrens as shariah business laboratoriums, and (3) pesantrens as the centre to learn syariah economy.

scholarly journals Fungsi Pesantren Dan Tuntutan Perubahan Sosial Pendidikan

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Afga Sidiq Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Education System ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Education History ◽  
Cognitive Intelligence

Abstract: The development of education is no longer oriented cognitive intelligence alone, but already demanded how to prepare outputs ready to face real life the increasing number of unemployment in Indonesia is because our education has not provided supplies of life, so we need to follow the steps to improve existing social change. pesantren as an educational institution native Indonesia, as well as the oldest in the Indonesian education system could be a pioneer dorm life skills-based education History shows boarding a vital role in influencing this nation. Pesantren movement once the center of religious, educational, social, cultural, and political. Now this function ditutntut schools to be able to prepare graduates who are ready to plunge in the community, so pesantren must be entered on the functioning of the economy. Keywords: Schools, Economy, Social change, Education.

Educating Missions. Teachers and Catechists in Southern Tanganyika, 1890s and 1940s

Itinerario ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hölzl
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Education System ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Local Society ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
Colonial Archive

This article concentrates on Catholic mission teachers in Southern Tanzania from the 1890s to the 1940s, their role and agency in founding and developing the early education system of Tanzania. African mission teachers are an underrated group of actors in colonial settings. Being placed between colonized and colonizers, between conversion and civilising mission, between colonial rule and African demands for emancipation, between church and government and at the heart of local society, their agency was crucial to forming African Christianity, to social change and to a newly emerging class of educated Africans. This liminal position also rendered them almost invisible for historiography, since the colonial archive rarely gave credit to their vital role and European missionary propaganda tended to present them as examples of successful mission work, rather than as self-reliant missionary activists. The article circumscribes the framework of colonial education policies and missionary strategies, it recovers the teachers’ active role in the colonial education system as well as in missionary evangelization. Finally, it contrasts teachers’ self-representation with the official image conveyed in missionary media.

Framing stories of national belonging: the case of an historical adventure-romance television series

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Catriona Elder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Television Series ◽  
National History ◽  
National Belonging

This article explores the role of Australian 1970s and 1980s ‘quality’ historical television series and miniseries in engaging national audiences in discussions about their national history. These programmes – which had a corollary in the United States in the same period – were ‘blockbusters’. But the historical miniseries of this period were not designed just to make money for the television networks, rather they had ‘designs’ on their viewers. What this set of programmes have in common is a sense of their important contribution to debates about what, who and why of nations and citizens. The producers of these programmes, in a period of significant social change and the emergence of identity politics, sought to engage citizens with the complexities of national histories. This article focuses on one series, Luke’s Kingdom, and explores why and how it was possible for this television genre to reinvigorate and rethink ideas of national belonging.

scholarly journals African Internationalisms and the Erstwhile Trajectories of Kenyan Community Development: Joseph Murumbi’s 1950s

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110115
Author(s):  
Ismay Milford ◽  
Gerard McCann
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Freedom Struggles

This article sheds new light on the relationship between internationalism, decolonisation and ideas about development through a reassessment of an overlooked period in the life of Joseph Murumbi (1911–90), cultural collector and Kenya’s second vice-president. It follows Murumbi’s engagement with three internationalist spaces during the 1950s: in the Afro-Asian worlds of India and Egypt he honed his vision for community development and the practical coordination of internationalism; in London he pushed British activists to take a more internationalist approach to anti-colonialism in a case of ‘reverse tutelage’; disillusioned with the British Left, in Scandinavia and Israel he questioned the translatability of community development and the practical role of external sympathisers as Kenyan independence approached. Murumbi’s trajectory confirms the inseparability of internationalism and nationalism in 1950s Africa, reinserting internationalist thought into narratives of Kenyan freedom struggles and suggesting how alternative visions for post-colonial Kenya were lost. Moreover, we argue, this reassessment of Murumbi’s life advances the burgeoning scholarship on internationalisms in the decolonising world by showing that Murumbi’s internationalist practices and his interest in the supposedly ‘local’ question of community development drove one another. Murumbi thus shows us a particular set of entanglements between the ‘local’ and the ‘global’.

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