DOES 'INNÂ DENOTE RAPE? A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF A CONTROVERSIAL WORD

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Van Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
Lexical Collocations

AbstractThe widespread opinion that the verb 'innâ in the Pi'el refers to "rape" or "sexual abuse" is not acceptable. It suffers from a lack of analysis of all the biblical material and of the distribution of 'innâ with a female object in the Hebrew Bible. A semantic analysis of the lexical collocations, of the word order and of the textual occurrences in which 'innâ functions shows that this verb is used as an evaluative term in a juridical context denoting a spatial movement downwards in a social sense and should be translated as "debase". By implication, the verb 'innâ in Gen. xxxiv 2 does not describe Shechem's rape or sexual abuse of Dinah, but evaluates Shechem's previously described actions as a debasement of Dinah from a social-juridical point of view.

scholarly journals Syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier in New Testament Greek

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé ◽  
Jacobus A. Naudé
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Universal Quantification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In linguistic terms, a quantifier is an item that appears with a noun to specify the number or amount of referents indicated by the noun. In English, various kinds of quantification are lexically differentiated—universal quantification (all), distributive quantification (each), and universal-distributive (every). In Greek, however, quantification is conveyed syntactically using primarily one lexical item, namely πᾶς. In this article, we examine the syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier from a linguistic point of view with attention to the determination of the noun (articular versus anarthrous), the number of the noun (singular versus plural) and the phrasal word order. We also examine the phenomenon of ‘floating’ quantification in which the quantifier moves to a new position in the noun phrase. Finally, we compare the patterns found in New Testament Greek with those of the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible in order to determine the extent and type of Semitic interference with respect to quantification in New Testament Greek grammar.Contribution: The syntactic patterns of πᾶς as a quantifier are identified and the semantic import of each pattern is described. The relationship of πᾶς to the quantifier כל in the Hebrew Bible shows evidence of Semitic interference in New Testament Greek grammar.

Logical aspects of experimental design and analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Валерий Иванович Хабаров
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Active Object

Предложена схема формализации задач активной идентификации объекта с использованием аппарата теории моделей - современного раздела математической логики. Теория моделей позволяет погрузить предмет “планирование и анализ эксперимента” в контекст семантического анализа. Семантический анализ понимается как установление соответствия между миром и его формальным представлением. С этой точки зрения представления об исследуемом объекте выражаются в некоторой прикладной теории. Предложен вывод модели для данной теории как процесс интерпретации, в котором ключевая роль отводится “экспериментатору”. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при проектировании архитектур интеллектуальных систем для экспериментальных исследований, для построения онтологии эксперимента, создания баз знаний Purpose. The purpose of this work is to formalize the tasks of active object identification based on the apparatus of model theory - a modern section of mathematical logic. Model theory allows putting the subject “planning and analysis of an experiment” in the context of semantic analysis. Semantic analysis is understood as establishing a correspondence between the world and its formal representation. From this point of view, the concept of the object under study is expressed in some applied theory, which allows applying formal methods of model theory to it. Methods. It is assumed that the model is derived for this theory as an interpretation process, in which the key role is assigned to the experimenter. As a research method, it is proposed to use commutative diagrams that reflect the process of interpretation and extension of communication diagrams for the so-called equipped theories of planning and analysis of experiments. Results. The properties of the proposed models are proved and examples for planning a regression experiment are presented as an illustration. It is proved that for linear models it is possible to construct a finitely axiomatization capable theory. Findings, originality. The obtained results can be used in the design of architectures for an intelligent system in experimental research, building an experiment ontology and creation of knowledge bases. These studies will allow using logical programming to implement images of the presented commutative diagrams for equipped theories as applied systems for planning and interpreting the experiment

The Chronological Development of Wisdom Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 372-388
Author(s):  
Markus Saur
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Short History ◽  
Ben Sira ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

In this article, the historical localization of Hebrew Bible Wisdom Literature is discussed firstly with regard to the literary development of the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes. By examining these books one can make several observations that help to reconstruct the history not only of the individual books, but also the history of Wisdom Literature as a whole. Wisdom Literature is understood in this context as the result of a process of discussion, interaction, and interdependence, and thus the documentation of a broader discourse surrounding Wisdom topics. This discourse is reflected in the whole of Wisdom Literature of the Hebrew Bible. From this point of view, the differentiation between the Wisdom books and some other Wisdom texts, such as the Wisdom Psalms or the book of Ben Sira, is finally placed within an era overview, and thus a short history of Wisdom Literature is presented.

scholarly journals Lak proverbs with the religious code of culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
The Given ◽  
Syntactical Analysis

The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.

scholarly journals Conditions for a Dialogue of Local Community and Genius Loci

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Vytautas Petrušonis
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Dialogue ◽  
Cultural Ecological

Abstract The research focuses on local community dialogue with genius loci as certain subjectivity of urbanized environment. The following research methods were used: abstraction, analogy, generalization, synthesis, and semantic analysis. Sets of informational units as system of genius loci symptoms, offered in this article, can be used for the presentation of genius loci. Such data figure as network of knowledge highlighted from a cultural-ecological point of view. Some traits of genius loci of Lentvaris manor park are presented.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Armenian and English Syndetic Analytical Word-Formation Structures with Noun Component

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2 (17)) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Sirarpi Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Order ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Words

The syndetic or conjunctional analytical word-formation structures with noun component are very productive in the Armenian and English languages from the point of view of forming new words. The paper is devoted to the comparison and contrast of the structural, grammatical and semantic peculiarities of the syndetic (conjunctional) analytical word-formation structures in Armenian and English. In Armenian they are mainly formed with the help of the conjunction “ու”, rarely with the conjunction “և”. In English these units are generally formed with the help of the conjunction “and” and belong to the type of the so-called phrase compounds. Besides the conjunctional compounds, phrasal compounds also include the so called syntactic compounds which resemble segments of speech corresponding to the syntactic and word order rules of the English language, e.g. Jack-of-all-trades “a person who can do many different kinds of work”, lily-of the-valley “a European plant of the lily family”; this type does not have its typological equivalent in Armenian. The examples of syndetic analytical structures provided in this paper are mainly taken from English and Armenian dictionaries.

RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
JELENA LEPOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

MENTAL VERBS IN K.L. KHETAGUROV’S POETRY AS MEANS OFREPRESENTING THE FRAGMENTS OF THE AUTHOR’S WORLD IMAGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Мамиева
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Material Organization ◽  
World Image ◽  
Mental Verbs

В статье исследуется функционально-семантическая сфера и художественно-когнитивный потенциал ментальных глаголов, употребленных К. Л. Хетагуровым в сборнике Ирон фандыр ( Осетинская лира , 1899) и примыкающих к нему текстах на осетинском языке.На основе лексико-семантического анализа прототипической глагольной лексемы зонын, доминантной в словаре языка сборника, и ее производных определены важные структурные компоненты когнитивного фрейма осуществление ментальной деятельности. Очерчен состав номинативного поля ментальных глаголов с прямым и контекстным значением слов: конститутивные элементы отнесены к ядру и приядерному слою номинации, эксплицирующие синонимические ряды дополнительных характеристик, к области ближней и дальней периферии. В работе изложен опыт применения комплексного (лингво-литературоведческого) подхода к исследованию вербальных средств выражения мыслительных действий с использованием элементов этимологического, контекстуального и интерпретативного анализа. В основу организации материала лег метод структуризации семантического поля ментальных глаголов по признаку действие/состояние с различением трех аспектов ментальной сферы сознания: 1) мыслительных действий, цель которых получение знания (процесс мышления) 2) мыслительных актов, свидетельствующих о результатах реализации ментальной способности 3) ментальных состояний (статуальность как результат предшествующих мыслительных действий) с указанием дифференцированной частоты их употребления. Делается вывод о том, что единицы ментального поля являются ключевыми и концептуально значимыми в анализируемыхтекстах Коста Хетагурова. Проблема рассмотрена под углом зрения антропного фактора в аспекте репрезентации фрагментов картины мира в художественном тексте, отражающих ценностно-мировоззренческие установки автора. The article explores the functional-semantic sphere and artistic-cognitive potential of the mental verbs used by K.L. Khetagurov in his anthology Iron Fandyr ( Ossetian Lira, 1899) and the adjoining Ossetic texts. Based on the lexico-semantic analysis of the prototypical verb lexem zonyn, which is dominant in the dictionary of the anthology language, and its derivatives the important structural components of the cognitive frame exercise of the mental activities are defined. The structure of the nominative field of mental verbs is outlined (direct and contextual meanings of words): the constitutional elements are classified as the nucleus and nearby layer the nominations which make synonymic rows of additional characteristics explicit, to the area of near and far periphery. The paper outlines the experience of applying a comprehensive (linguo-literary) approach to the study of verb means of expression of thought actions, including the elements of etymological, contextual and interpretive analysis. The material organization is based on the method of structuring the semantic field of mental verbs on the basis of action/station with the distinction of three aspects of the mental sphere of consciousness: 1) cognitive actions, which purpose is to obtain knowledge (process of thinking) 2) the cognitive acts confirming results of mental ability realization 3) mental conditions (a stasis as a result of the previous cogitative actions) with the indication of the total and differentiated frequency of their use. It is concluded that mental verbs are key-note and conceptually significant in Kosta Khetagurovs poetry. The problem is considered from the point of view of the anthropic factor in the aspect of representation of fragments of the image of the world in the literary text, reflecting the axiological and worldview attitudes of the author.

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