Trees as Village Protectors, Guru Rinpoche’s Wayfinders and Adopted Family Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Kalzang Dorjee Bhutia
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Control ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Buddhist Ritual ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Forests occupy a large amount of territory in the contemporary state of Sikkim. However, their ubiquitousness should not be interpreted as a signal that Sikkimese communities are inherently environmentally friendly. Historically trees have been exploited as fuel for human use; but they have also fueled forms of interspecies relationality and sustained ecosystems, health for multiple species, folklore, history and ritual life. Just as trees have different parts—the roots, the trunk, the branches, and the foliage—so do Sikkimese relationships with trees. In this paper, I will draw on Buddhist ritual literature, oral sources related to traditional forest management, and state-level forest management materials to examine the complexity of tree traditions in conversation with other global examples of tree veneration traditions. In Sikkim, human-tree relationality evades politicization and state control in the Anthropocene, and offers an alternative local environmental ethics.

scholarly journals Major Patterns in the Neolithic Chronology of East Asia: Issues of the Origin of Pottery, Agriculture, and Civilization

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin ◽  
J A Timothy Jull ◽  
G S Burr
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Food Production ◽  
North China ◽  
State Level ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Far Eastern Russia ◽  
Neolithic Agriculture ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Different Parts

General chronological frameworks created recently for the Neolithic complexes of China, Japan, Korea, and far eastern Russia allow us to reveal temporal patterns of Neolithization, origin of food production, and the emergence of civilizations. Pottery originated in East Asia, most probably independently in different parts of it, in the terminal Pleistocene, about 14,800–13,300 BP (uncalibrated), and this marks the beginning of the Neolithic. Agriculture in the eastern part of Asia emerged only in the Holocene. The earliest trace of millet cultivation in north China can now be placed at ∼9200 BP, and rice domestication in south China is dated to ∼8000 BP. Pottery in East Asia definitely preceded agriculture. The term “civilization,” which implies the presence of a state level of social organization and written language, has been misused by scholars who assert the existence of a very early “Yangtze River civilization” at about 6400–4200 cal BP. The earliest reliable evidence of writing in China is dated only to about 3900–3000 cal BP, and no “civilization” existed in East Asia prior to this time.

scholarly journals MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES OF MARKET MANAGEMENT OF ECO-GOODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(66)) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
E.V SADCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
State Level ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Market Management ◽  
The Impact

Topicality. The actuality of the problem of market management of environmentally friendly goods today is caused by objective conditions of development of production and market. Aspects of environmentally-oriented marketing are associated with the rapid development of technologies and processes that reduce the impact on the environment, and therefore, with the accelerated formation of the market of environmentally friendly goods. This requires appropriate development of marketing technologies for the market management of environmentally friendly goods. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical, methodological and practical applications, which should justify marketing technologies for the market management of environmentally friendly goods. As well as considering principles and approaches to assess the impact of environmental factors on market segmentation in the marketing process and, of course, e-market research on the current situation (conjuncture). Research results. The necessity of forming a system of markets is considered, taking into account the segmentation of the market of environmental goods, as well as such categories as environmental needs, ecological shortages and inquiries. The ecological consumer properties of goods are described, such as: the degree of attractiveness of the product, which corresponds to environmental standards for the buyer; the priority of products and goods with the trademark "environmentally friendly"; compliance with the requirements, considered in the legislative documents of the state level, and local legislation; conducting radioecological control of goods; the ability to meet the current and future needs of potential buyers, taking into account the environmental features of goods in the conditions of the adoption of a number of laws and regulations on environmental protection activities; necessity of modification of production in accordance with the revealed requirements of buyers concerning pollution of the environment. The research of a number of issues connected with ecological consumer properties of goods is offered. Conclusions. The results of complex studies can determine the most promising markets for sellers. To this end, the information received is systematized in a number of ways, taking into account the environmental components that allow the selection of priority social and environmental features markets and their segments.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Gostishcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
The Government

The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of management of foreign economic activity of chemical industry enterprises of Ukraine through the prism of crisis management. Attention is focused on the fact that at the moment chemical production in Ukraine is in the shadow of import substitution, and exports in general are losing production and economic potential, perseverance. The chemical industry is closely linked to the agro-industrial complex, and this issue is especially relevant in light of the possible food crisis, the arrival of which is predicted at the UN after the pandemic. That is why the answers at the state level should be found in the appropriate chronology, which will help to find a moment of distortion of the balance between justified imports and lost export potential. The aim of the anti-crisis strategy is to create a huge potential for environmentally friendly products through the introduction of appropriate innovations (based on domestic resources, such as bioethanol from biomass and stubble, biomethanol from solid waste, algae-based projects (from the Black and Azov Seas). The benefits of the strategy will be as follows: 1) dual benefits by reducing dependence on imports and increasing capacity for chemical production projects; 2) stimulating the overall growth of the chemical industry through public-private partnerships; 3) elimination of the current stagnant conditions of the industry caused by the consequences of the pandemic. Proposals to pursue a policy of reasonable protectionism in relation to import substitution for all participants in the domestic market are formulated. At the state level, in order to support the whole sector, it is advisable to adopt a model that emphasizes the use of appropriate fuels / raw materials based on domestic resources to reduce dependence on imports; replace mass imports with exclusive imports of only environmentally friendly and updated foreign innovative chemical technologies; attracting investment from TNC through appropriate government policies. The task of the Government in this situation is to carefully study the situation in each case and make a balanced decision.

Exchange Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
State Level ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
State Control ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Cooperation ◽  
Powerful Interest

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required that each state set up a health insurance exchange or lose control to the federal government. Because Republicans had supported the concept before it became part of Obamacare, virtually every state was expected to cooperate and implement this core part of the law. However, 34 states refused to participate. This is a stunning miscalculation by the Obama administration. This book tells the story of what happened in the final two states to choose state control and the two that came the closest. The most intense split was not between Republicans and Democrats, but within the Republican Party. Governors were the most important people in the fight over exchanges, but did not always get their way. The Tea Party defeated the most powerful interest groups. State-level and national conservative think tanks were important allies to the Tea Party. The relative power of these groups was shaped by differences in institutional design and procedures, such as whether a state has term limits and the length of legislative sessions. Opposition was more easily overcome in states whose conditions facilitated the development of legislative “pockets of expertise.” This is a dramatic example of opponents using federalism to block national reform and serves as a warning of the challenge of inducing state cooperation in other policy domains such as the environment and education. Understanding the state-level fights over the ACA’s implementation is crucial to understanding the impact of future reforms.

Remembrance Light At Memorial Sites

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Shchepetkov ◽  
Tatyana N. Zavgorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Architectural Lighting ◽  
Memorial Sites

Everyone in Russia has been preparing to the 75th anniversary of the victory in World War Two despite the fact that the state-level commemoration events are being impeded by the global disaster which may be compared to a world war: the COVID‑19 pandemic. Like a war, it will eventually end but the memory about the anniversary must and will live on. Therefore, the subject of the article is topical: commemoration light and memory in light of an eternal flame and artistic and sacral illumination (Tribute in Light, like it was in New York in 2001). Numerous issues of architectural lighting of memorial sites and monuments in different Russian cities are under consideration. Positive and negative examples of light design solutions are described. It is also noted that information on contemporary state of this area is extremely insufficient.

scholarly journals Community Engagement in Forest Care: What it Means to the People in the Forest

ICR Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adha Shaleh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
System State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
The People ◽  
Commodification Of Nature

In today’s forest management system, the state and its departments constitute the majority stakeholders in forest care. They have ignored the conservation role of forest communities in the forest. This practice has already bred narratives about our environment: declining biodiversity, the commodification of nature, land conflicts, overlapping forest ownership, and indigenous claims to land rights in the forest. This scenario deserves attention. What is crucial and necessary is to present an alternative view to mainstream thinking on the forest management system (state control). It is for this reason that there has been a surge call to reform forest planning by engaging indigenous people in the ongoing narratives of forest discussions.

scholarly journals Development of an environmentally friendly formulation of silk fibroin associated with fatty acid from Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. fat, effective against larvae of the Aedes aegypti vector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. S. Marinho ◽  
Fernando B. Neves ◽  
David E. Q. Jimenez ◽  
Fabio R. Oliveira ◽  
Abrahão Victor T. L. T. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Acid Esters

Abstract The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of several diseases, such as dengue, malaria and the Zika virus. Synthetic insecticides such as chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil have been used for plague control, despite causing damage to the environment and to humans. It is therefore important to study natural active compounds with a low environmental impact. The present paper developed an environmentally friendly formulation of silk fibroin (SF) associated with fatty acid esters [ethyl (FAEE-SF), propyl (FAPE-SF) and butyl (FABE-SF)] from Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. fat, which was effective against Aedes aegypti 3th instar larvae. The FABE-SF nanoemulsion induced a higher mortality rate in the larvae of the A. aegypti after 48 h (LC50 = 18.92 µg / mL). The stabilities of the nanoemulsions were monitored for 21 days, and FABE-SF exhibited greater stability throughout the monitored period, with average particle, zeta and PDI values of around 217 ± 0.85 nm, -25.6 ± 3.24 mV and 0.338 ± 0.01, respectively. This paper reported the first effective action of fatty acid esters from A. murumuru Mart. associated with silk fibroin against A. aegypti. The FABE-SF solution also had a low hemolytic index, suggesting that treatment may be safe for animal and human use.

scholarly journals ENTREPRENEURSHIP MOTIVATION IN THE FORESTRY OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Svetlana Morkovina ◽  
Natal'ya Sirotkina ◽  
Enrik Seydinay
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
State Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Motivation Mechanism ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Qualitative Performance ◽  
And Control

The article presents the results of an entrepreneur survey from the standpoint of assessing the effectiveness of forest management in Russia. It has been established that more than a half of the surveyed entrepreneurs consider their forestry business to be low profitable. Entrepreneurs have significant costs for reforestation and forestry work. The reasons for the low efficiency of forestry activities are the lack of measures for motivating entrepreneurs implemented at the state level. The necessity to improve the efficiency of state forest management has been proved. A mechanism built into the forest management system is suggested to motivate forest plot tenants. The motivational mechanism is a complex of incentive and control measures aimed at ensuring the qualitative performance of forestry work with optimal production costs. The use of the motivation mechanism at the regional level enables to provide support to tenants of forest areas performing forestry activities in a quality manner. Differentiated measures of forest user motivation, based on the results of forest activities, have been substantiated. Motivation measures should include financial support, business control and penalties. The necessity to create a motivational fund for financial support of forest area tenants in the regions of Russia has been proved. The measures for the motivation of entrepreneurs, which ensure growing attractiveness of forest exploitation, have been developed

scholarly journals HISTORICAL ROOTS AND THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF FOREST MANAGEMENT UNDER A SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Nocentini ◽  
Orazio Ciancio ◽  
Luigi Portoghesi ◽  
Piermaria Corona
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Science

In recent history, both a growing awareness of how scientific and societal uncertainty impacts management decisions and of the intrinsic value of nature have suggested new approaches to forest management, with a growing debate in forest science over the need for a paradigmatic shift from the classic conventional worldview, based on determinism, predictability and output-oriented management, towards a worldview which has roots in complex adaptive systems theory and is consistent with a nature-based ethics. A conceptual framework under this context is provided by systemic silviculture. In this discussion paper we analyze how this approach can be linked to three fundamental moments of the history of forestry and forest science: the Dauerwald theory, Gurnaud’s control method, and the origins of environmental ethics. Relationships with the recent history of forest management science and current research perspectives are also highlighted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document