scholarly journals Genetic structure and differentiation of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra at the northern margin of its range in the Carpathians

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Najbar ◽  
Wiesław Babik ◽  
Bartłomiej Najbar ◽  
Maria Ogielska
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Fire Salamander ◽  
Salamandra Salamandra

Amphibian populations occurring at the margin of the species range exhibit lower genetic variation due to strong genetic drift and long-term isolation. Limited mobility and site fidelity together with habitat changes may accelerate genetic processes leading to local extinction. Here, we analyze genetic variation of the fire salamander subspecies Salamandra s. salamandra inhabiting the Outer Carpathian region in Poland, at the northern border of its distribution. Nuclear DNA polymorphism based on 10 microsatellite loci of 380 individuals sampled in 11 populations were analysed to measure gene flow between subpopulations and possible long-term isolation. Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis among 17 individuals representing 13 localities was used to detect the origin of populations which colonized Northern Europe after the last glaciation. Overall, pairwise FST’s and AMOVA test of ‘among group’ variation showed little differences in the allele frequencies and relatively high local gene flow. However, Bayesian clustering results revealed subtle structuring between eastern and western part of the studied region. Two extreme marginal populations from the Carpathian Piedmont revealed reduced genetic variation which may be attributed to strong influence of genetic drift. Only one mitochondrial DNA haplotype (type IIb) was found in all individuals and suggest that after the Last Glacial Maximum Salamandra salamandra migrated to the North-Western Europe from the single glacial refugium placed in the Balkan Peninsula.

Genetic structure of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra in the Polish Sudetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Konowalik ◽  
Anna Najbar ◽  
Wiesław Babik ◽  
Sebastian Steinfartz ◽  
Maria Ogielska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fire Salamander ◽  
Geographic Gradient ◽  
Salamandra Salamandra

We analysed genetic variation within and differentiation between nineteen populations of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra inhabiting the north-eastern margin of the species range in the Sudetes Mountains (south-western Poland). The results were compared with those obtained recently for the Polish part of the Carpathians. Variation of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci was analysed in 744 individuals to estimate genetic structure, gene flow, isolation and to test for a geographic gradient of genetic variation. Mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) of 252 specimens from all localities was used to identify the origin of populations currently inhabiting its north-eastern range. We found little genetic differentiation among populations in the Sudetes indicating substantial recent or ongoing gene flow. The exceptions were one isolated peripheral population located outside the continuous distribution range which displayed extremely reduced genetic variation probably due to a combination of long term isolation and low population size, and one population located at the eastern margin of the Polish Sudetes. Populations inhabiting the Sudetes and the Carpathians formed two separate clusters based on microsatellite loci. In accordance with available phylogeographic information, single mitochondrial haplotype (type IIb) fixed in all populations indicates their origin from a single refugium and may suggest colonization from the Balkan Peninsula. The analysis of geographic gradient in variation showed its decline in the westerly direction suggesting colonization of Poland from the east, however, alternative scenarios of postglacial colonization could not be rejected with the available data.

Mitochondrial DNA variation within and among populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Kambhampati ◽  
Karamjit S. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Fragment Polymorphism ◽  
Mtdna Polymorphism

A survey of restriction fragment polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 17 populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus was undertaken. The mtDNA size was estimated to be about 17.5 kbp. The level of polymorphism was low, with over 99% of the fragments being shared in common among the 17 populations. Three populations, Mauritius, Singapore, and Hong Kong, contained individuals with both the ancestral and novel mtDNA haplotypes. We conclude that the low level of mtDNA polymorphism in A. albopictus is a result of recent range expansion and that the mixture of haplotypes is a likely result of human-aided gene flow among populations.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, genetic variation, genetic structure, Aedes albopictus.

Genetic variation of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers in broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in the Colville and Sagavanirktok rivers in northern Alaska

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Patton ◽  
B J Gallaway ◽  
R G Fechhelm ◽  
M A Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Colville River ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Northern Alaska

There has been concern that a causeway leading to oil production facilities in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea could affect the extent of emigration from, and immigration into, a population of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in the Sagavanirktok River. To assess this, we analyzed the genetic relationships of the broad whitefish populations in the Sagavanirktok River, and the nearest adjacent population, in the Colville River. Three microsatellite loci from the nuclear genome, and the NADH-1 gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), were analyzed. Diploid genotypes were determined with PCR amplification of the microsatellite loci, and mtDNA genotypes were identified with PCR amplification followed by sequencing of 798 nucleotides. Several alleles were identified at each locus and both populations had high levels of genetic variation. There is significant differentiation of the Sagavanirktok River and Colville River broad whitefish stocks for the three microsatellite loci (FST = 0.031) but not mtDNA (FST < 0.001). Possible explanations for the lower level of differentiation of mtDNA than microsatellites include female-mediated gene flow between populations, skewed sex ratios, natural selection, or mutation. The results indicate that there is limited gene flow between the Colville and Sagavanirktok rivers, which represent semi-isolated spawning populations.

scholarly journals Depletion of mitochondrial DNA alters glucose metabolism in SK-Hep1 cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. E1007-E1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Sang Park ◽  
Kyung-Jay Nam ◽  
Jun-Woo Kim ◽  
Youn-Bok Lee ◽  
Chang-Yeop Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Protein Levels

Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been suggested to be a genetic factor for diabetes. Reports have shown a decrease of mtDNA content in tissues of diabetic patients. We investigated the effects of mtDNA depletion on glucose metabolism by use of ρ0 SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells, whose mtDNA was depleted by long-term exposure to ethidium bromide. The ρ0 cells failed to hyperpolarize mitochondrial membrane potential in response to glucose stimulation. Intracellular ATP content, glucose-stimulated ATP production, glucose uptake, steady-state mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporters, and cellular activities of glucose-metabolizing enzymes were decreased in ρ0 cells compared with parental ρ+ cells. Our results suggest that the quantitative reduction of mtDNA may suppress the expression of nuclear DNA-encoded glucose transporters and enzymes of glucose metabolism. Thus this may lead to diabetic status, such as decreased ATP production and glucose utilization.

scholarly journals A steep cline for mitochondrial DNA in Danish mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vanlerberghe ◽  
P. Boursot ◽  
J. T. Nielsen ◽  
F. Bonhomme
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Mtdna Variants

SummaryOne hundred and ninety-eight mice trapped along a south–north transect through the Danish hybrid zone between Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus were typed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the Y chromosome and ten autosomal loci encoding diagnostic proteins. The southern (domesticus) populations display two mtDNA variants (S1 and S2) and the northern (musculus) have a third mtDNA variant (N) of domesticus origin. Across the hybrid zone defined by ten autosomal loci, there is a steep dine between the southern and northern types of mtDNA. As well as confirming an earlier finding that Danish musculus all have a domesticus mtDNA (Ferris et al. 1983a, & b), our results show that this mtDNA takeover is not the result of a persistent mitochondrial gene flow between the two subspecies. While the coincident dines for the ten autosomal loci and the abrupt dine for the Y chromosome can be explained by selection, it is less likely to be the case for the mtDNA exchanges. We discuss the possible role of sex-linked migration and genetic drift to account for the distribution of the mitochondrial variants.

scholarly journals Signatures of mitonuclear coevolution in a warbler species complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silu Wang ◽  
Madelyn J. Ore ◽  
Else K. Mikkelsen ◽  
Julie Lee-Yaw ◽  
David P. L. Toews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Gene Block ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions

AbstractDivergent mitonuclear coadaptation could facilitate speciation. We investigate this possibility in two hybridizing species of warblers, Setophaga occidentalis and S. townsendi, in western North America. Inland S. townsendi harbor distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from those of S. occidentalis. These populations also differ in several nuclear DNA regions. Coastal S. townsendi demonstrate mixed mitonuclear ancestry from S. occidentalis and inland S. townsendi. Of the few highly-differentiated chromosomal regions between inland S. townsendi and S. occidentalis, a 1.2 Mb gene block on chromosome 5 is also differentiated between coastal and inland S. townsendi. Genes in this block are associated with fatty acid oxidation and energy-related signaling transduction, thus linked to mitochondrial functions. Genetic variation within this candidate gene block covaries with mitochondrial DNA and shows signatures of divergent selection. Spatial variation in mitonuclear ancestries is correlated with climatic conditions. Together, these observations suggest divergent mitonuclear coadaptation underpins cryptic differentiation in this species complex.

scholarly journals Genetic homogeneity in a Pontocaspian crested newt species (Triturus karelinii) suggests recent isolation of its three allopatric range sections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ben Wielstra ◽  
Jan W. Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Crested Newt ◽  
Range Dynamics

Abstract The integration of multilocus datasets and species distribution modelling in phylogeography allows for the reconstruction of more detailed historical biogeographical scenarios than based on mtDNA data alone. We here combine these approaches to investigate the range dynamics of the crested newt Triturus karelinii, an amphibian species endemic to the Pontocaspian region, whose range comprises three allopatric range sections: a Crimean, a Caucasian and a Caspian range section. In a previous mtDNA phylogeographical survey it was suggested that the Caucasian range section was colonized from the Caspian one and that the Crimean range section was subsequently colonized from the Caucasian one. Newly collected nuclear DNA data reveal little genetic differentiation between the three range sections and species distribution modelling suggests that they only recently became isolated. Taken together, our analyses agree with a recent colonization of the Crimean range section, but rather suggest long-term persistence in both the Caspian and Caucasian range sections, with extensive gene flow between the two.

scholarly journals Recent large-scale landscape changes, genetic drift and reintroductions characterize the genetic structure of Norwegian wild reindeer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjersti S. Kvie ◽  
Jan Heggenes ◽  
Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen ◽  
Knut H. Røed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Wild Reindeer

Abstract Landscape changes, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, subdivide wild populations, reduce their size, and limit gene flow. These changes may further lead to depletion of genetic variation within populations as well as accelerating differentiation among populations. As a migratory species requiring large living areas, wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is highly vulnerable to human activity. The number and continued presence of wild reindeer have been significantly reduced due to accelerating anthropogenic habitat modifications, as well as displacement in benefit of domesticated herds of the species. As a basis for future management strategies we assess genetic structure and levels of genetic variation in Norwegian wild reindeer by analysing 12 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region in 21 management units with varying population sizes. Overall, both markers showed highly varying levels of genetic variation, with reduced variation in the smaller and more isolated populations. The microsatellite data indicated a relationship between population size and genetic variation. This relationship was positive and linear until a threshold for population size was reached at approximately 1500 reindeer. We found high levels of differentiation among most populations, indicating low levels of gene flow, but only a weak correlation between geographic and genetic distances. Our results imply that the genetic structure of Norwegian wild reindeer is mainly driven by recent colonization history, population size, as well as human-induced landscape fragmentation, restricting gene flow and leading to high levels of genetic drift. To sustain viable populations, conservation strategies should focus on genetic connectivity between populations.

Unidirectional introgression within the genus Dolomedes (Araneae:Pisauridae) in southern New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Lattimore ◽  
Cor J. Vink ◽  
Adrian M. Paterson ◽  
Robert H. Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Isolation Mechanisms

We investigated the genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA (COI) and nuclear DNA (actin 5C) for variation within and among populations of two nurseryweb spider species: Dolomedes aquaticus Goyen, 1888 and D. minor Koch, 1876. Specimens were collected from intermediately disturbed braided rivers located in southern South Island, New Zealand. The genetic variation was compared against morphological characteristics to identify traits, both genetically and phenotypically, that indicate past occurrences of introgression. Haplotypes clearly assignable to D. aquaticus were also present in specimens of D. minor, supporting previous research suggesting introgression of mtDNA from D. aquaticus to D. minor. No evidence was found to indicate introgression from D. minor to D. aquaticus, suggesting that the introgression is asymmetrical and that the isolation mechanisms that may be in place to prevent such an occurrence are more successful within one species. In addition, the distribution patterns of identical haplotypes were found to provide an indication for when and where introgression took place.

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