Temperature regulation in the tortoise Testudo hermanni, studied with indwelling probes

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Huot-Daubremont ◽  
D. Bradshaw ◽  
C. Grenot
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractBehavioural thermoregulation has been studied in the terrestrial tortoise Testudo hermanni in south-eastern France by implanting temperature-sensitive probes in free-ranging individuals. Three tortoises were monitored over a period of nine months (July to March); they maintained body temperatures close to their preferendum for periods of several hours each day. These results are of interest as doubt has been expressed in the literature on the thermoregulatory capacities of Testudo hermanni in the northernmost part of its range.

What's hot and what's not: defining torpor in free-ranging birds and mammals

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert MR Barclay ◽  
Cori L Lausen ◽  
Lydia Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lowered Body

With the development of small implantable data loggers and externally attached temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, increasing attention is being paid to determining the thermoregulatory strategies of free-ranging birds and mammals. One of the constraints of such studies is that without a direct measure of metabolic rate, it is difficult to determine the significance of lowered body temperatures. We surveyed the literature and found that many different definitions have been used to discriminate torpor from normothermy. Many studies use arbitrary temperature thresholds without regard for the normothermic body temperature of the individuals or species involved. This variation makes comparison among studies difficult and means that ecologically and energetically significant small reductions in body temperature may be overlooked. We suggest that normothermic body temperature for each individual animal should be determined and that torpor be defined as occurring when the body temperature drops below that level. When individuals' active temperatures are not available, a species-specific value should be used. Of greater value, however, are the depth and duration of torpor bouts. We suggest several advantages of this definition over those used in the past.

The spatial and temporal distribution of koala faecal pellets

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. H. Ellis ◽  
B. J. Sullivan ◽  
A. T. Lisle ◽  
F. N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Faecal Pellet ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Free Ranging

Faecal pellets were collected under trees used by free-ranging koalas in south-western, central and south-eastern Queensland to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of pellets with respect to the activity of koalas. Deposition of faecal pellets by koalas was analysed according to the time of day at which the tree was occupied. For free-ranging koalas, 47% of daily faecal pellet output was recovered using a collection mat of 8 × 8 m placed under a day-roost tree. The best predictor of pellet production was the presence of a koala in a tree between 1800 hours and midnight. For other periods, there was no relationship between period of tree occupancy and faecal pellet recovery. There was a significant relationship between the average length of tree occupancy and the time of day that a koala entered a tree.

Learning in hypothermic rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Panuska ◽  
Vojin Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Colonic Temperature

Inexperienced shaved adult white rats cooled to a colonic temperature of 18.5 C and then rewarmed to 26.0 C, were placed at an ambient temperature of 2.0 C with the possibility of using a lever-activated heat reinforcement apparatus. Their body temperatures leveled at 29 C; and during the next 40–80 min the rats either learned to press the lever systematically for external heat and thereby rewarmed themselves to euthermia, or they drifted into deeper hypothermia leading to death. Activity records and visual observations indicate that after an average of 48 min and at a body temperature of 29.6 C (28.5–30.2 C), out of a group of 14 rats 12 learned this technique necessary for their survival. All 12 rats reached euthermia and continued to use the lever as long as they remained in the experimental situation. It is concluded that learning is possible even at a low body temperature of 29.6 C. performance; heat reinforcement; temperature regulation; body temperature; environmental temperature; operant behavior; survival studies; motivation; physiology of learning; cold physiology Submitted on March 7, 1963

scholarly journals Weight gain of free-ranging beef cattle grazing in the boreal forest of south-eastern Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 103955
Author(s):  
Morten Tofastrud ◽  
Anna Hessle ◽  
Yngve Rekdal ◽  
Barbara Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Eastern Norway

Thermal Relations of Testudo hermanni robertmertensi WERMUTH in S. France

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stubbs ◽  
Adrian Hailey ◽  
Elizabeth Pulford
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Thermal Relations

AbstractThe mean body temperature of T. hermanni in woodland in France was 28.5 °C (August 1981). Body temperatures were elevated above air temperature and indirect evidence for basking and selection of an optimal microenvironment is discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature-sensitive protein expression in protocells

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (45) ◽  
pp. 6421-6424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Jia ◽  
Michael Heymann ◽  
Tobias Härtel ◽  
Lei Kai ◽  
Petra Schwille
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Synthetic Temperature ◽  
Sense And Respond

We engineered a synthetic temperature regulation toolbox to enable protocells to sense and respond to heat, utilizing RNA thermometers.

Body Temperatures of Free-Ranging Platypuses, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), with Observations on their Use of Burrows

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Grant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Free Ranging

Body temperatures (T*h) of free-ranging platypuses were monitored by means of radiotelemetry; although fluctuations of up to 2.8�C occurred in some individuals, most T*b measured were close to 32�C, even during immersion in cold water for up to 12 h. Platypuses spent up to 51% of their day foraging in water, and during such activities 71% of the animals studied used more than one particular burrow. One platypus maintained its T*b, while swimming in water of 0�C in a partly frozen river for at least 5 h. The platypus is a competent homeotherm which maintains a constant T*b in the face of the considerable thermal stresses imposed on it during winter in the southern part of its range.

Body temperature fluctuations in free-ranging eastern foxsnakes (Elaphe gloydi) during cold-water swimming

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A MacKinnon ◽  
Anna Lawson ◽  
E D Stevens ◽  
Ronald J Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Free Ranging

We examined the thermal biology of free-ranging terrestrial eastern foxsnakes (Elaphe gloydi Conant, 1940) that were voluntarily swimming in cold water during spring, in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada. Using temperature-sensitive radiotelemetry, we recorded body temperatures of foxsnakes during 12 cold-water swims, and subsequent warming on shore. During these swims, water temperatures were from 11 to 22 °C and distances of 85–1330 m were travelled. Snakes that were in cold water long enough equilibrated with water temperature and did not maintain a body temperature above ambient. The largest observed drop in body temperature was 22.6 °C (over 11 min) and the largest increase was 23 °C (over 66 min). Such large, rapid temperature fluctuations have not previously been reported in detail from snakes in the field. Twice as many telemetry observations as expected occurred between 1200 and 1400, suggesting that snakes chose to swim midday. Additionally, our results suggest that foxsnakes bask to raise their body temperature prior to swimming in cold water. We compared swimming speed and the coefficient of temperature change among foxsnakes and other snake species. Swimming speed was positively correlated with water temperature, similar to other findings. We found no clear trend between mass and the coefficients of cooling and warming; however, snakes cooled in water 2.8–8.6 times faster than they warmed in air.

scholarly journals Basking and diurnal foraging in the dasyurid marsupial Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Pavey ◽  
Fritz Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Trade Offs

Several mammal species bask to passively rewarm during arousal from torpor, a strategy that can decrease energetic costs. Nothing is known about basking behaviour in these species or the trade-offs between energetic benefits of basking and potential costs associated with changes in activity patterns and increased predation risk. We assessed basking during winter in Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis, an Australian arid-zone marsupial that belongs to a family (Dasyuridae) that is typically nocturnal. Animals were implanted with temperature-sensitive transmitters to assess body temperatures and to assist in visually locating animals active during the day. Tagged animals regularly exhibited diurnal foraging. Foraging bouts occurred throughout the day; however, most bouts were observed within 3 h of sunset. By comparison, basking occurred much more frequently in the morning. Basking and a shift towards diurnal foraging in winter is associated with a decrease in richness and abundance of predators. P. macdonnellensis appears to compensate for the occurrence of torpor during the active phase (i.e. night) in winter by changing activity patterns such that foraging commences during what is usually the rest phase. These activity patterns are not expected to occur during the remainder of the year.

Temperature regulation in young women

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sister Wilma Marie Haslag ◽  
Alrick B. Hertzman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilatation ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Heat Loads

Possible sexual differences in the regulation against acceptable heat loads were studied by exposing female and male subjects to rising ambient temperature, TA (1 hr at 25 C, then 6.6 C/hr to 45 C) or to steady TA (43.3 C for 3 hr). Women were studied during the menstrual, preovulatory, and postovulatory periods. Oral (TO) and skin (TS) temperatures, cutaneous opacity pulses, regional sweating rates, and weight losses were measured. During the menstrual and preovulatory periods, the thermoregulatory responses of women were similar to those of men except for slightly larger cutaneous opacity pulses and greater rates of weight loss in several of the male subjects. The TO, but not TS, was consistently higher in women during heat exposures in the postovulatory period. Of several possible explanations, a higher setting of the hypothalamic thermostat seems the more probable reason for the elevation of TO without a corresponding increase in weight loss, regional sweating, and cutaneous opacity pulses. In other respects there were no essential differences in temperature regulation attributable to sex. regional sweating; body temperatures; regional cutaneous vasodilatation; moderate heat loads; temperature regulation during the menstrual cycle Submitted on September 14, 1964

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