Effect of bean sprout residue on the hatching and density of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines in soil

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Toyota ◽  
Keita Goto ◽  
Daisuke Ito
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Bean Sprout ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Baermann Method ◽  
Different Parts

The effects of the application of bean sprout residue to soil on the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines were evaluated in pot experiments. When bean sprout residue was applied into a soil infested with SCN at a rate of 1%, the number of SCN second-stage juveniles (J2), measured with the Baermann method, increased after 14 days of application and then decreased markedly after 35 days, indicating that some J2 hatched in response to a stimulant in the bean sprout residue and then starved to death in the absence of a host. Next, bean sprout residue was applied two or four times and the number of SCN after 7 weeks was estimated with real-time PCR, which enables quantification of all the forms of SCN (eggs, J2, cysts). Results showed that the SCN density did not change in the untreated control, while it decreased by more than 70% in the residue treatment. Such a hatching-stimulatory and subsequent eradication effect was observed in the water extract of bean sprout residue. Among different parts of bean sprout, both of the stem and root parts had a higher stimulatory effect for hatching, while a stimulatory effect decreased in the stem part greened by culturing under light conditions. These results revealed that bean sprout residue might function as an environmental-friendly control measure for SCN.

Assessing the effects of water extract of Narcissus tazetta bulb on hatching, mortality, chemotaxis and reproduction of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Hu ◽  
Jia You ◽  
Chunjie Li ◽  
Fengjuan Pan ◽  
Congli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Narcissus Tazetta ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
The Impact

Summary The aim of this study was to examine the impact of water extracts of Narcissus tazetta bulb on hatching, behaviour and mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2) and reproduction of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) in laboratory and glasshouse assays. Results demonstrated that N. tazetta bulb extracts did not affect hatching but significantly reduced J2 motility and nematode attraction to the soybean root tip, and resulted in considerable nematode mortality relative to the control. J2 exposure to different concentrations of bulb extracts caused 59-93% reduction in nematode reproduction on soybean roots. Compared with the monoculture control, soybean-N. tazetta intercropping in a pot trial reduced SCN reproduction by 37%. In addition, N. tazetta bulb powder as a soil amendment is effective in controlling SCN reproduction. Thus, the results suggest that N. tazetta bulb extract or derived active compounds may be considered as potential natural nematicides against SCN.

Suppression of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, using water extract of bean sprout residue

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Ito ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
Ghalia Missous Sedrati
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bean Sprout

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a widespread pest in most soybean-producing areas, causing serious damage to soybean crops and resulting in economic losses. We have previously reported that bean sprout residue might function as an environmentally-friendly control agent against SCN. In order to understand the role of water extracted from bean sprout residue as a possible factor in lowering the number of SCN, either water extract of bean sprout residue (WE) or water (W) was applied to pots containing soil infested with SCN, and komatsuna plants, a leafy vegetable, were grown in these pots. After 2 months, the number of SCN, estimated with real-time PCR, was 80% lower in WE than in W and the biomass of komatsuna plants was 100% higher in WE than in W, suggesting that WE has not only an SCN eradication effect but also a fertilisation effect. In field experiments, WE or W was applied ten times during the experimental period from July 2010 to June 2011. The number of SCN decreased by 82% in WE and by 36% in W; however, the marked decrease was observed only between July and September and between April and June. Green soybean plants were grown in the field where WE or W had been applied and the yield was markedly higher in WE (750 g m−2) than in W (200 g m−2). The hatching stimulation of SCN eggs by WE was tested at four different temperatures (10, 20, 25, 30°C) and was observed only at 25°C. These results show that water extract of bean sprout residue decreases the density of SCN and thereby damage to green soybeans, and that the suppressive effect depends on soil temperature.

Nematicidal activity of ethanol solutions on soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Luma A. Pedroso ◽  
Vicente P. Campos ◽  
Aline F. Barros ◽  
Julio C.P. Silva ◽  
Gustavo M. Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Low Concentrations

Summary The cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is a major pathogen of soybean in tropical regions, which demands novel sustainable management practices. In this work, the use of ethanol against H. glycines was evaluated as both a solution and a fumigant. On second-stage juveniles (J2) of H. glycines, ethanol at low concentration was more effective by direct dipping than by only fumigating the J2. Hatching was significantly reduced by direct dipping in ethanol solutions. Fumigation of H. glycines-infested soil with ethanol reduced infectivity by almost 100% and the number of eggs by about 67% at ethanol concentrations of 48% and 72%, respectively. Only the ethanol at 48% concentration significantly reduced the J2 lipid content, while J2 infectivity and the number of eggs were reduced by dipping at 6% ethanol. The J2 were internally altered by the ethanol solutions. Therefore, ethanol is toxic to H. glycines at low concentrations and affects its pathogenic behaviour rather than simply reducing the lipids.

Distribution, population density, race and type determination of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Salati ◽  
Robert Riggs ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World

AbstractThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, found in most soybean growing regions in the world, is considered the most economically damaging pathogen of soybean worldwide. A survey conducted in the northern provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan, the main soybean-producing areas in Iran, revealed SCN was widespread in different localities of these regions. Of the 55 and 88 soil samples collected from soybean fields in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, respectively, ten (18.8%) and 23 (26%) samples were infested with H. glycines; the population densities of second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs ranged from 500 to 60 000 and 500 to ≥100 000 per 250 cm3 soil, respectively. These population densities of H. glycines are indicative of reductions in soybean yield. HG Type tests were conducted on 16 field populations. HG Type 0 (race 3) was the most common with 94% frequency, whereas HG Type 7 (race 6) was found in 6% of tested populations. Most populations of H. glycines parasitised PI88788 and PI548316. Eight of the most commonly used soybean cultivars were tested against H. glycines HG Type 0; seven of them, Sepideh, Sahar (Pershing), Gorgan 3, Williams 82, JK (Sari), BP (Telar) and Hill, had high female indices and were considered susceptible to HG Type 0. Only the cultivar DPX showed low female indices and was resistant to race 3. The initial observations showed that the first life cycle of SCN required 30-34 days in early-planted fields (late May and early June), whereas in late-planted fields (early July), white females were visible 20 days after planting. Several generations could be expected in a single growing season under field conditions in northern Iran.

Yield loss caused by soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Heydari ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Second Stage

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, is of major economic importance and widely distributed throughout the world. The effect of H. glycines HG Type 0 on seed yield of susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars was assessed with and without nematicide application in two naturally infested fields in Iran. Soybean cvs BP (susceptible) and DPX (resistant) were arranged in a randomised complete block design and fenamiphos 10G was used in-furrow as a treatment. The population levels of eggs and second-stage juveniles of H. glycines were determined in soil samples collected at planting and harvesting time. Although no above-ground symptoms of nematode infection were visible, mean yield was 48% greater for the resistant cultivar compared with the susceptible cultivar. The yield of cv. BP increased by 16% in plots treated with fenamiphos compared with untreated plots. The resistant cultivar suppressed the reproduction rate of H. glycines. Seed composition, including protein and oil, did not show significant differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars. This is the first demonstration of the yield loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode in Iran.

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) on Soybean in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
C. R. Biller ◽  
B. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
First Report ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Pi 88788

During August 2003, soybean (Glycine max) plants from Richland County, North Dakota with white-to-yellow, lemon-shaped structures on the roots were brought to the North Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. To confirm that the structures were females of a cyst nematode, they were crushed and observed microscopically to determine if nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles were present. Morphology of the second-stage juveniles was consistent with Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). A survey was conducted in soybean fields in 34 km2 around the field in which the samples originated. Ten of twenty fields surveyed had visible females on the roots of plants. Symptoms observed in those fields included patches of stunted, chlorotic, and dead plants. Soil samples were collected from selected areas within eight fields, eggs were extracted using standard soil sieving techniques, and egg numbers were determined. Egg numbers ranged from 550 to 20,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil. SCN collected from two different fields, designated as Dwight and LaMars, were used to determine their HG Type. Standardized procedures (1) were used in a growth chamber set at 27°C with 16-h days. Pots in the test were organized in a completely randomized design with three replicates; the test was repeated over time. After 30 days, females were extracted from roots and counted, and a female index (FI) was calculated for each indicator line (1). The mean number of females on susceptible standard cv. Lee 74, was 110. The Dwight SCN population had an FI of 5.3 on plant introduction (PI) 88788, 1.5 on PI 209332, 5.8 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. The LaMars population had an FI of 1.0 on PI 88788, 3.1 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. These results indicate that both SCN populations tested are HG Type 0. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCN on soybean in North Dakota. Because other hosts of SCN, as well as soybean, are economically important in North Dakota, such as dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and dry pea (Pisum sativum), this disease could adversely impact several commodities throughout the state. Reference: (1) T. L. Niblack et al. J. Nematol. 34:279, 2002.

Effect of short-term growth of mung bean and its soil incorporation on the density of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in pot experiments

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Wang Xiaoman ◽  
Daisuke Ito ◽  
Emi Yamada ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bean Sprout ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Moisture Conditions

We previously reported that incorporation of bean sprout residue into soil stimulated hatching of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata), the raw material of bean sprout, and its incorporation into the soil on the density of SCN in soil. When mung bean was grown in pots for 2 and 4 weeks in a SCN-infested andosol, incorporated into the soil and further incubated for 2 weeks, the SCN density decreased markedly. Mung bean was also grown in pots under different moisture conditions. The SCN density decreased in the soils with 48-68 g water, but not with 39 g water (100 g dry soil)−1 in which mung bean grew the poorest. The present study suggests that short-term growth of mung bean may be useful to decrease the density of SCN in soil.

A rapid method for the identification of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines using duplex PCR

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Subbotin ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Deliang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Single Cyst ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractA method for rapid identification of juveniles and cysts of the soybean cyst nematode based on PCR with species specific primers is described. The PCR assay was tested on 53 populations originating from China, Russia, USA and Brazil. A single cyst or second stage juvenile of Heterodera glycines alone or in a mixture with other soil inhabiting nematodes was detectable.

scholarly journals Using Tannery Sludge to Manage Soybean Cyst Nematodes in Soybean Crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Jéssica Rodrgues de Mello ◽  
Janaina Alves de Almeida Moreira ◽  
Guilherme Malafaia ◽  
Fernando Godinho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Penetration

Soybean crop (Glicyne max) is host to a range of pathogens, among them phytonematoids, with emphasis on the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), which has recently caused great damages to the crop and compromised its productivity. Alternatives to the management of diseases, caused by phytonematoids, that are effective and less harmful to the environment, are increasingly being sought. Thus, the incorporation of organic compounds into the soil, such as tannery sludge (bovine chain by-product), presents great potential in the management of soil-borne pathogens, as well as reducing environmental impacts caused by the release into the environment. Thus, the aim of present study had as objective to evaluate the effect of different tannery sludge doses on the management of H. glycines in greenhouse. The study used a nematode-susceptible cultivar (BRS Valiosa RR) and followed a completely randomized experimental design, with 5 repetitions. The nematode penetration in the roots was assessed 10 days after inoculation (DAI), whereas the fresh root mass, the number of females per root gram, and the number of eggs per female were assessed 30 DAI. The tannery sludge is efficient in the management of H. glycines in nematode-susceptible soybean cultivars, reducing the number of females per gram of root, the number of juveniles of the second stage (J2) of the nematoid per root system and promoting increases in fresh mass of the roots. However, more studies are needed to understand the dynamics of the nematode reduction in the presence of the organic compound, since nematode reproduction was not affected by the presence of tannery sludge.

scholarly journals Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Rocha ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Mirian F. Pimentel ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

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