A field study on the host status of different crops for Meloidogyne minor and its damage potential on potatoes

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim C. Thoden ◽  
Gerald W. Korthals ◽  
Johnny Visser ◽  
Wianda van Gastel-Topper
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Set Up

For several years, a new species of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor, has been reported from parts of The Netherlands, Belgium, UK and Ireland. So far, this species causes most problems on golf courses but has also been reported from a potato field in Zeijerveld (The Netherlands) where it caused strong growth reduction on potato plants, but no damage to potato tubers. As The Netherlands is a potato-producing country, field experiments were set up to evaluate the potential risks this species poses. We tested the host status of some common crops for M. minor under field conditions and, more importantly, also tested its potential to harm potato production in terms of quantity as well as quality. In a 2-year field experiment (2007-2009), the host status of potato (cv. Bartina), rye, annual ryegrass, sugar beet, and maize was tested in the first growing season. Afterwards, these plots were used to evaluate the damage potential of M. minor on two commonly cultivated potato cultivars (cvs Astérix and Markies). In general, only potato seemed to be a good host for this nematode species with a Pf∕Pi-ratio about 1.5. Reproduction was observed mostly on roots but also on tubers, which increases the spread of M. minor by seed potatoes. However, there was no reduction in potato production, neither in yield nor in tuber quality. No significant reproduction could be observed on the other plants (Pf∕Pi values close to zero). From these results one might conclude that this nematode will not become a major threat to European agriculture. However, care has to be taken as within additional glasshouse experiments potato tubers were susceptible for damage caused by M. minor. Thus, further studies on the general biology and ecology of M. minor are needed to make a better risk assessment on this new nematode pest.

scholarly journals Additional Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Colletotrichum coccodes Subpopulations from Europe and Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 805-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shcolnick ◽  
A. Dinoor ◽  
L. Tsror (Lahkim)
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Accurate Evaluation

Potato black dot, caused by Colletotrichum coccodes, damages tuber quality and may reduce yield. In previous work, four multimember vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) have been reported. The objectives of the current study were to characterize a population of C. coccodes comprised of isolates from Israel and Northern Europe (EU/I) using VCG, and to assess the correlation between VCGs and aggressiveness of isolates on potato. A composite of 176 isolates was collected from symptomatic tissues of potato tubers or stems. A total of 6 (3.4%) isolates were characterized in VCG1; 29 (16.5%), 32 (18.2%), and 7 (4.0%) in VCG 2, 3, and 4, respectively; and 7 (4.0%), 9 (5.1%), 48 (27.3%), and 15 (8.5%) in the newly defined VCG 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Twenty-three isolates (13%) were not assigned to any of the VCGs. Two of the VCGs had a specific geographical distribution: the 9 isolates assigned to VCG6 originated from The Netherlands, and 34 of 38 isolates assigned to VCG7 were from Scotland. Aggressiveness of isolates of a given VCG was examined on potato. VCGs 5 and 6 were comprised of the most aggressive isolates, and VCG1 of the least aggressive. These results could facilitate a more accurate evaluation of damage potential that may be caused by this pathogen.

Host suitability of summer cover crops to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hung X. Bui ◽  
Johan A. Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Summary Cover crops can be a useful tool for managing plant-parasitic nematodes provided they are poor or non-hosts for the target nematode species. A glasshouse experiment was done to determine the host status of four common cover crops in Florida, sunn hemp, cowpea, sorghum sudangrass and sunflower, to pure populations of four common tropical root-knot nematode (RKN) species Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), M. incognita (Mi), M. enterolobii (Me) and M. arenaria (Ma). Tomato was included as a susceptible control. Eight weeks after nematode inoculation (WAI), tomato showed the highest root gall damage for all tested RKN species, with gall indices (GI) between 7 (Ma) and 8.5 (Me) and reproduction factor (RF) ranging from 20 (Ma) to 50 (Mj). No visible root galls were observed for any of the RKN species on sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass at 8 WAI. However, Mj and Mi were able to reproduce slightly on sorghum sudangrass (RF = 0.02 and 0.79, respectively). Sunflower and cowpea were infected by all four tested RKN species, but host suitability varied. Sunflower root galling ranged from 1.1 (Me) to 4.5 (Mj) and RF = 3.2 (Me) to 28.7 (Mj), while cowpea root galling ranged from 0.6 (Mi) to 5.1 (Me) and RF = 0.8 (Mi) to 67.3 (Mj). Sunn hemp and, to a lesser extent, sorghum sudangrass were poor hosts to all four tested RKN species. Sunflower was a good host to all RKN species, but root gall damage and RF were lowest for Me. Cowpea was a good host to Mj, Me and Ma, but a poor host to Mi. Our results confirm and stress the importance of RKN species identification when selecting cover crops as an RKN management strategy.

scholarly journals Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schochow ◽  
Steven A. Tjosvold ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

scholarly journals Host Reactions of Sweetpotato Genotypes to Root-knot Nematodes and Variation in Virulence of Meloidogyne incognita Populations

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1112-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Cervantes-Flores ◽  
G.C. Yencho ◽  
E.L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Host Race ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Differential Reaction ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Soil Mix

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] genotypes were evaluated for resistance to North Carolina root-knot nematode populations: Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2; M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood races 1, 2, 3, and 4; and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Resistance screening was conducted using 150-cm3 Conetainers containing 3 sand: 1 soil mix. Nematode infection and reproduction were assessed as the number of egg masses produced by root-knot nematodes per root system. Host suitability for the root-knot nematode populations differed among the 27 sweetpotato genotypes studied. Five genotypes (`Beauregard', L86-33, PDM P6, `Porto Rico', and `Pelican Processor') were selected for further study based on their differential reaction to the different root-knot nematodes tested. Two African landraces (`Tanzania' and `Wagabolige') were also selected because they were resistant to all the nematode species tested. The host status was tested against the four original M. incognita races, and an additional eight populations belonging to four host races, but collected from different geographical regions. The virulence of root-knot nematode populations of the same host race varied among and within sweetpotato genotypes. `Beauregard', L86-33, and PDM P6 were hosts for all 12 M. incognita populations, but differences in the aggressiveness of the isolates were observed. `Porto Rico' and `Pelican Processor' had different reactions to the M. incognita populations, regardless of the host race. Several clones showed resistance to all M. incognita populations tested. These responses suggest that different genes could be involved in the resistance of sweetpotato to root-knot nematodes. The results also suggest that testing Meloidogyne populations against several different sweetpotato hosts may be useful in determining the pathotypes affecting sweetpotato.

A Dutch contribution to knowledge on phytosanitary risk and host status of various crops for Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al., 1980 and M. fallax Karssen, 1996: an overview

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes den Nijs ◽  
Henk Brinkman ◽  
Anton van der Sommen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Meloidogyne Chitwoodi ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Separate Table ◽  
Host Status

Abstract The results of experiments, performed in The Netherlands during the last decade, on the host range of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax are presented and discussed. Opinions are expressed on the host status of the tested plants and the phytosanitary status of the commercial product (defined as that part of the plant that enters trade) separately, as interest for both categories may differ. Information for each category is given for a variety of plants such as vegetables, arable crops, flowering bulbs and plants, and ornamental plants and trees. Data obtained from glasshouse experiments are given in a separate table. Many plants are a good host for one or both nematode species, and the commercial product, such as some bulbs and potatoes, might form a phytosanitary risk as a carrier of the juveniles inside the product, this risk being increased when that commercial product has roots.

scholarly journals Detection of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci Infestation of Potato Tubers Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Real-Time PCR Molecular Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Uroš Žibrat ◽  
Barbara Gerič Stare ◽  
Matej Knapič ◽  
Nik Susič ◽  
Janez Lapajne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Efficient Detection

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are considered the most aggressive, damaging, and economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes and represent a significant limiting factor for potato (Solanum tuberosum) production and tuber quality. Meloidogyne luci has previously been shown to be a potato pest having significant reproductive potential on the potato. In this study we showed that M. luci may develop a latent infestation without visible symptoms on the tubers. This latent infestation may pose a high risk for uncontrolled spread of the pest, especially via seed potato. We developed efficient detection methods to prevent uncontrolled spread of M. luci via infested potato tubers. Using hyperspectral imaging and a molecular approach to detection of nematode DNA with real-time PCR, it was possible to detect M. luci in both heavily infested potato tubers and tubers without visible symptoms. Detection of infested tubers with hyperspectral imaging achieved a 100% success rate, regardless of tuber preparation. The real-time PCR approach detected M. luci with high sensitivity.

scholarly journals Mycorrhiza Enhanced Protein and Lipid Contents of Potatoes Grown on Inceptisol with Addition of Organic Matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Anne Nurbaity ◽  
Glenn Christopher Uratel ◽  
Jajang Sauman Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

Enhancement of productivity of potato plants grown on poor-P soil such as Inceptisols due to application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been acknowledged. However, whether this AMF improved the quality of potato tubers is still need further investigation. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of AMF in enhancing potato quality and determine whether the addition of compost and biochar to soil can support the productivity of this biofertilizer in enhancing the nutrient content in the tubers of potato plant. Screen house experiment was set up in factorial design with treatments were organic matter types (compost and compost plus biochar), and application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (without and with AMF consisted of Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.). Results of experiment showed that there was no interaction effect between organic matter and AMF on quality of potato tubers, however, the individual treatment especially AMF  increased the content of protein and lipid of potato tubers. Biochar that added to soil with compost was also increased the lipid content of potato tubers. This finding showed that AMF application in potato production grown in poor P-soil was not only increased the yield of potato, but also increased the quality of potato tubers.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne minor on Turfgrass in Belgium

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 908-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Viaene ◽  
D. B. Wiseborn ◽  
G. Karssen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Patch Disease

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor, was described during 2004 after it was found on potato roots in a field in the Netherlands and in golf courses in England, Wales, and Ireland (2). Since it is associated with yellow patch disease in turf grass and causes deformation of potato tubers (2), it is important to know whether this organism is already widespread in these and neighboring countries. In addition, it has a relatively wide host range (2,4). A small survey conducted in Belgium was comprised of 10 golf courses geographically spread over the country. In each location, 3 to 9 samples were taken (one per green) consisting of 30 to 40 cores (1.5 × 20 cm deep). Nematodes were extracted from a 200-g subsample (containing roots) from each sample using zonal centrifugation (1). All Meloidogyne spp. were mounted on semipermanent slides and identified morphologically. M. minor was discovered in 3 of 6 samples taken in April 2006 from a golf course in Hasselt (northeastern Belgium). Between 41 and 50 M. minor per 100 g of soil were found together with M. naasi (7 to 20 individuals per 100 g of soil). Occurrence of M. minor together with other Meloidogyne species has been reported in natural and cultivated sites (2,4). Moreover, spores of Pasteuria spp. were clearly visible on 42% of the observed second-stage juveniles of M. minor, but not on those of M. naasi. The infected juveniles had between 2 and 15 spores attached to their cuticles. Additional juveniles were extracted from the soil samples and used for molecular identification by real-time PCR (2), which confirmed the presence of M. minor. There were no symptoms on the grass, consisting of a mixture of Agrostis stolonifera (10%), Festuca rubra (30%), and Poa annua (60%). Grass was sown in Rhine sand and heath land compost used for the construction of the greens in Hasselt. It could be that these soil amendments were infested with M. minor or that M. minor was introduced by other means, e.g., shoes, maintenance machinery, or golf equipment. On the other hand, the detection of M. minor in this small survey indicates that the species may be prevalent in golf courses in the region. The nematode has been found in several golf courses and sport fields in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, including a golf course at Breda (close to the Belgian border) (3). The survey will be expanded to include grasslands and dune areas, the presumed natural habitat of M. minor. References: (1) G. A. Hendrickx. Nematologica 41:308, 1995. (2) G. Karssen et al. Nematology 6:59, 2004. (3) W. Lammers et al. Meloidogyne minor. Pest Risk Assessment. Online publication, www.minlnv.nl/pd - Schadelijke organismen, 2006. (4) S. J. Turner and C. C. Fleming. Comm. Appl. Biol. Sci. Ghent University 70:885, 2005.

scholarly journals The Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne fallax on Strawberry in the Netherlands

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. C. van der Sommen ◽  
L. J. M. F. den Nijs ◽  
G. Karssen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Quantitative Extraction ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne fallax Karssen is closely related to M. chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo & Finley. Both species have a wide host range and have been designated as quarantine nematodes by several countries. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) is considered a poor host for M. chitwoodi (2,3), but the host status for M. fallax in unknown. During 2003, a host suitability study was performed with four common strawberry cultivars (Ciflorette, Elsanta, Kimberly, and Mara des bois) on a field naturally infested with M. fallax near Wintelre, the Netherlands. The identity of the nematode was confirmed, prior to and after the test, by using morphological characteristics, isozymes, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The field was not infested with M. hapla Chitwood. The host test included 15 replicates per cultivar and started in April with a mean initial M. fallax density of approximately 4,500 second-stage juveniles per 100 ml of soil. The plants used in the field trial were multiplied by cuttings and grown on artificial substrate free from any Meloidogyne species. Upon plant harvesting in October, the number of root galls were counted and cvs. Mara des bois and Ciflorette did not show any typical root-knot symptoms, while cvs. Elsanta and Kimberly expressed only a few small galls. Additionally, high numbers of nematodes were found in the roots using the centrifugal floating method (1). The mean numbers of isolated nematodes for all cultivars (females, 116; males, 80; second-stage juveniles, 6,636; third- and fourth-stage juveniles, 49; and eggs, 920 per 10 g of roots) suggests that the tested strawberry cultivars are good hosts for M. fallax despite the lack of clear root galling or visible plant grow reduction as has been observed in the past for M. javanica on strawberry (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of strawberry as a host for M. fallax, and it suggests that M. fallax could be spread by strawberry transplant grown in M. fallax infested soil. The Dutch Plant Protection Service is currently discussing appropriate action, such as an additional root-knot nematode test in addition to visual root inspection, before strawberry plants are shipped and cultivated. References: (1) W. A. Coolen and J. D'Herde. A method for the quantitative extraction of nematodes from plant tissue. Ghent State Agriculture Research Centre, 1972. (2) A. M. Golden et al. J. Nematol. 12:319, 1980. (3) J. H. O'Bannon et al. Plant Dis. 66:1045, 1982. (4) D. P. Taylor and C. Netscher. Cah. O.R.S.T.O.M, Ser. Biol. 10:247, 1975.

scholarly journals Experiments of sweet potato technology in South Hungary

2017 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Adrienn Szarvas ◽  
Tamás Monostori
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
National Production ◽  
Hard Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Experimental Plots

The overall objectives of our research program are to examine and to develop the possibilities of use and to expand the national production technology of sweet potato. In 2016, we have set up production technology experiments in many regions, from which we report the results of the experimental field in Deszk here. In our field experiments we obtained results of planting material production, planting and nutrition optimization of sweet potato. Rating the effects of different nutrition doses, between the averages of treatment we didn't experience any significant differencies. On hard soil we set up experimental plots with or without ridges. Based on the result of the harvest the production technology without ridges proved to be more effective. The transplants originating from cuttings from shoots or from tubers did not show significant differences, but it does matter how many tons of sweet potato tubers we harvest per hectare.

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