What Is Moroccan Literature? History of an Object in Motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Fernández Parrilla ◽  
Eric Calderwood
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Literary Historiography ◽  
Imaginative Geographies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract What is Moroccan literature, where and when does it happen, and in what languages? In this essay, we tackle these questions by tracing the evolution of the definition of “Moroccan literature” from the first half of the twentieth century until the present. The earliest works of Moroccan literary historiography, such as ʿAbd Allah Kannūn’s al-Nubūgh al-maghribī fī al-adab al-ʿarabī (1937), situated Moroccan literature within the Arabic literary tradition and treated Moroccan literature as an important element in the “Arab-Islamic” identity promoted by the Moroccan nationalist movement. Since Moroccan independence in 1956, this definition of Moroccan literature has come under increasing pressure, as the languages and imaginative geographies of Moroccan literature have expanded to include new voices. In what follows, we consider these debates through a survey of a diverse corpus of literary-historical works that throw into question the linguistic, temporal, and spatial borders of Moroccan literature (and of Morocco itself).

„Zurück zu Schleiermacher! und von Schleiermacher aus vorwärts!“

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. R. Hege
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Psychological Method ◽  
Dialectical Theology ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractAs dialectical theology rose to prominence in the years following World War I, the new theologians sought to distance themselves from liberalism in a number of ways, an important one being a rejection of Schleiermacher’s methods and conclusions. In reading the history of Weimar-era theology as it has been written in the twentieth century one would be forgiven for assuming that Schleiermacher found no defenders during this time, as liberal theology quietly faded into the twilight. However, a closer examination of this period reveals a different story. The last generation of liberal theologians consistently appealed to Schleiermacher for support and inspiration, perhaps none more so than Georg Wobbermin, whom B. A. Gerrish has called a “captain of the liberal rearguard.” Wobbermin sought to construct a religio-psychological method on the basis of Schleiermacher’s definition of religion and on his “Copernican turn” toward the subject and resolutely defended such a method against the new dialectical theology long after liberal theology’s supposed demise. A consideration of Wobbermin’s appeals to Schleiermacher in his defense of the liberal program reveals a more complex picture of the state of theology in the Weimar period and of Schleiermacher’s legacy in German Protestant thought.

THE FEMALE CONSUMER AND THE POLITICS OF CONSUMPTION IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW HILTON
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Consumer Movement ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Professional Class ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Definition Of

This article traces the history of women's participation in consumer politics and the gendering of the consumer in twentieth-century Britain. It does so by focusing on two important moments in the official discussion of the consumer interest: the Consumers' Council of the First World War and the Molony Committee on Consumer Protection, 1959–1962. It argues that notions of consumer-citizenship have been varied and forever in flux and that the involvement of women in consumer issues within the state apparatus has always been at once both disputed and encouraged. Within this complex history, however, a number of discernible trends are apparent. In the first half of the twentieth century, consumer issues were articulated by women's organizations on the political left and the consumer was considered largely a working-class housewife within official consumer politics. By mid-century, an increasingly dominant view of the consumer was that of the middle-class housewife, and a host of socially conservative women's groups came to speak for the consumer. By the 1950s, while the definition of the consumer remained contested, it had increasingly become a gender-neutral category, as business groups defined consumer interests in government committees and an emerging affluent consumer movement inscribed consumerism with the values of a male professional class.

scholarly journals V.M. SHUKSHIN AND “NEW PEASANT POETS”: SURVIVED CHILDREN OF NOT SURVIVED FATHERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
A.A. Shorokhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article combines two significant historical and literary phenomena. The first is a group of Russian poets and prose writers of the early twentieth century, known under the general name “new peasant poets”. The second is a group of Russian writers of the late twentieth century, whose work has received a steady definition of “village prose”. V.M. Shukshin’s works are also referred to this cultural phenomenon. The article attempts to get away from simplifying definitions of “urban romance”, “village prose”, and to establish the civilizational continuity of Shukshin’s work with “new peasant poets” of the early twentieth century. The author also tries to consider the phenomenon of the group of “new peasant poets” from the cultural, philosophical and historical-biographical points of view – In the unity of their work, fate and dramatic changes in the history of Russia. The article uses theoretical works on Russian and world literature and history by M.M. Bakhtin, V.V. Kozhinova, I.R. Shafarevich, G.I. Shmeleva, P.F. Alyoshkina, S.Yu. and S.S. Kunyaevs, recent publications on Shukshin’s works by V.I. Belov, A.D. Zabolotsky, and A.N. Varlamov.

A History of Bodies

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Annette Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter explores the development of pedagogical choices and historical practice via familial and professional mentorship. Rodríguez argues for the critical role of mentorship for the development of women in the historical profession. Naming her work “a history of the gaps,” she discusses widening the definition of historical actors as well as subjects of historical analysis. As an example, the chapter points to the continuum of women acting against racist violence, documenting, analyzing, and historicizing racist violence—against previously masculinist narratives. Demonstrating a “history of the gaps,” Rodríguez’s chapter concludes with the testimonies of Mexican and Mexican American women whose X marks confirmed anti-Mexican murders at the turn of the twentieth century.

New Moral Worlds

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-200
Author(s):  
Robert Colls
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Day School ◽  
Modern School ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Playing Fields

Chapter 6 brings the history of modern sport and the modern school together. In the Uppingham School Archives there’s a photograph of the school cricket team gathered round its ambitious and reforming headmaster Rev. Edward Thring. At this moment (1858) Thring was involved in painful disputes with these boys, trivial struggles that confirmed in his mind if not theirs the need to build a network of powerful schools committed to reforming the character of elite young men. He and his brother headmasters spent their lives reinventing these so called ‘public’ schools as new moral worlds. Chapter 6 looks also at the Girls Public Day School Company (1872) and its work towards the proper education of middle-class young women. Sport and gender was vital to both campaigns although how vital rather depended on the extent to which girls won a new independent voice and the boys retained their old one. Public schools were seen by their inventors as new moral worlds but they could be new immoral worlds as well. Or, to put it another way, the schools were reconfigured as closed institutions deliberately designed to influence the character and behaviour of the young. By the beginning of the twentieth century the leading public schools were seen as uniquely successful enterprises, obsessed with the athletic body, significant and forceful in the definition of what a ‘school’ should be, stately and beautiful, and surrounded almost by definition by playing fields. A new set of national icons had been created.

Two Concepts of Un-Americanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX GOODALL
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Status Politics ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Using the Congressional record, press articles and the extensive literature on the theme of Americanism published in the early decades of the twentieth century, this article seeks to offer a new approach to the history of the idea of “un-Americanism” in the early years of the twentieth century, particularly in the period between the First World War and the Great Depression. It argues that a key distinction may be drawn between a procedural or “negative” concept of un-Americanism, in which the enemy is defined as the person who refuses to accept the liberal political order and therefore exempts themselves from the privileges of citizenship, and a “positive” definition of un-Americanism based on identity and status politics, in which the un-American is seen as the person who fails to meet the criteria for membership in the mythic community from which the modern nation is assumed to have been founded – usually defined in racial, ethnic and gendered terms; through religious affiliation; or by assertions of culture and character. The history of un-Americanism should therefore be understood principally in terms of the contestations that developed between these two concepts rather than as the evolution of a singular concept and shared understanding of its meaning.

scholarly journals The documentary heritage of the ZUNR as a means of deepening relations between the Vatican and Ukraine

2013 ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Velykochyy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

The twentieth century in the history of the Ukrainian people was one of the most significant, ambiguous and contradictory. This concerns, first of all, the definition of the strategic vector of the national-state progress of Ukrainians, which at the beginning of the last century, for the first time in almost 350 years of its unsustainable existence, was threatened by the desire to be the master on their own land, the desire to unite in a single congregation's family.

scholarly journals La historia de la historiografía literaria española. La "Historia Literaria" de Gerardo Diego

2011 ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Martín Ezpeleta
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Literary Historiography ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Literary Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
Gerardo Diego ◽  
Siglo Xx

Dentro de la reflexión sobre el pensamiento literario español del siglo XX, el estudio de las Historias literarias españolas ocupa un lugar muy relevante. De ahí que propongamos a continuación una reflexión sobre la importancia de la disciplina de la Historiografía literaria española e insistamos en la necesidad de activar la redacción de una Historia de la historiografía literaria española. En este caso, nuestra modesta contribución a esta deseable obra nos lleva a contextualizar y caracterizar brevemente la poco conocida Historia literaria de Gerardo Diego1. Inside the reflection about Spanish literary thought in the twentieth century, the analysis of the Spanish Literary Histories plays a very important role. For this reason, we suggest a reflection about the importance of the discipline of the Spanish Literary Historiography and we propose the necessity of activating the writing of a History of the Spanish Literary Historiography. In this case, our modest contribution to this desirable work takes us to introduce and to characterize Gerardo Diego’s not very well- known Literary History.

History of Service Robots

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zielinska Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Service Robot ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The short history of service robots with its precursors is given. Next, the definition of service robot is discussed and some statistical data is given. The described history of service robots covers the ancient period with robot precursors, the middle ages, and the period of industrial revolution. The representative examples of different kinds of service robots built in the twentieth century are given. The chapter is concluded with future trends.

Toxic Purity: The Progressive Era Origins of America' s Lead Paint Poisoning Epidemic

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Warren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Lead Paint ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
Definition Of

This paper examines a pivotal moment in the history of the built environment in America. At the beginning of the twentieth century, factions within the American paint industry fought in state and federal legislatures over the definition of paint: What was pure paint? Were new paint formulations to be encouraged, or labeled “adulterated”? Was the known toxicity of lead to be a consideration? Despite some opponents' recourse to a rhetoric of toxicity and public health, all sides agreed that the best paints contained a significant quantity of lead, and that government should stay out of setting industry standards. This accord all but assured that Americans would apply tons of lead paint on the walls of their homes.

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