Effects of fasting and re-feeding on energy metabolism and thermogenesis in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-rong Gao ◽  
Wan-long Zhu ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Shu-ran Sun ◽  
Zheng-kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Leptin

To investigate the effect of fasting and re-feeding on energy metabolism and thermogenesis in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), the changes in body mass and body fat mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), body composition, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) content of BAT, serum leptin level and post-fasting food intake were monitored and measured. The results showed that fasting induced a significant reduction in body mass and body fat mass. Body mass was restored to the control level in re-feeding tree shrew except for the body fat. RMR and NST decreased significantly in response to fasting, and returned to the control level after re-feeding. Fasting induced significant reduction in total, but not specific, COX activity (nmol O2/min/total tissue) in liver and BAT, and UCP1 content in BAT, which was reversed after re-feeding 48 h. Fasting of 12 h induced a rapid reduction in serum leptin content. There were no post-fasting compensatory increases in food intake. Interestingly, the tree shrew did not recover adipose tissue mass, nor serum leptin levels, upon re-feeding. These results suggest that T. belangeri can adjust the status of its physiology integratively to cope with the lack of food by means of decreasing body mass, adaptive thermogenesis and serum leptin levels, and serum leptin level acted as a starvation signal to mediate predominantly the reduction in body mass and energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Food Intake, Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass in Elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Rodrigues ◽  
Paula C. Pereira ◽  
Ana F. Vicente ◽  
Jose A. Brito ◽  
Maria A. Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass

Seasonal variations of body mass, thermogenesis and digestive tract morphology in Apodemus chevrieri in Hengduan mountain region

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Wan-long ◽  
Yang Sheng-chang ◽  
Zhang Lin ◽  
Wang Zheng-kun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Hengduan Mountain

Seasonal changes in an animal’s morphology, physiology, and behavior are considered to be an adaptive strategy for survival and reproductive success. We hypothesize that Apodemus chevrieri will change their thermogenesis seasonally and serum leptin will change with body mass or body fat mass. Seasonal variations in body mass (BM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), digestive tract morphology, serum leptin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) were measured in wild-trapped A. chevrieri in Hengduan mountain region. The results showed that the body weight of A. chevrieri was lowest in winter and highest in summer. Decreased BM in the winter was accompanied by increased energy intake and enhanced NST and UCP1 as well as by decreased body fat mass, adjusted digestive tract morphology and reduced levels of circulating leptin. Further, serum leptin were positively correlated with body weight and body fat mass, and negatively correlated with energy intake and UCP1 contents. These data suggest that wild A. chevrieri do not depend on a decrease in BM, but instead increase their thermogenic capacity to cope with cold stress. Leptin may be involved in the seasonal regulation in energy balance and thermogenesis in field A. chevrieri.

scholarly journals Increased energy expenditure and leptin sensitivity account for low fat mass in myostatin-deficient mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. E1031-E1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Ju Choi ◽  
Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni ◽  
Karl J. Kaiyala ◽  
Kayoko Ogimoto ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Deficient Mice

Myostatin deficiency causes dramatically increased skeletal muscle mass and reduced fat mass. Previously, myostatin-deficient mice were reported to have unexpectedly low total energy expenditure (EE) after normalizing to body mass, and thus, a metabolic cause for low fat mass was discounted. To clarify how myostatin deficiency affects the control of body fat mass and energy balance, we compared rates of oxygen consumption, body composition, and food intake in young myostatin-deficient mice relative to wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (HET) controls. We report that after adjusting for total body mass using regression analysis, young myostatin-deficient mice display significantly increased EE relative to both WT (+0.81 ± 0.28 kcal/day, P = 0.004) and HET controls (+0.92 ± 0.31 kcal/day, P = 0.005). Since food intake was not different between groups, increased EE likely accounts for the reduced body fat mass (KO: 8.8 ± 1.1% vs. WT: 14.5 ± 1.3%, P = 0.003) and circulating leptin levels (KO: 0.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml vs. WT: 1.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml, P = 0.008). Interestingly, the observed increase in adjusted EE in myostatin-deficient mice occurred despite dramatically reduced ambulatory activity levels (−50% vs. WT, P < 0.05). The absence of hyperphagia together with increased EE in myostatin-deficient mice suggests that increased leptin sensitivity may contribute to their lean phenotype. Indeed, leptin-induced anorexia (KO: −17 ± 1.2% vs. WT: −5 ± 0.3%) and weight loss (KO: −2.2 ± 0.2 g vs. WT: −1.6 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) were increased in myostatin-deficient mice compared with WT controls. We conclude that increased EE, together with increased leptin sensitivity, contributes to low fat mass in mice lacking myostatin.

Insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher serum leptin levels independently of body fat mass

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fischer ◽  
M. Hanefeld ◽  
S. M. Haffner ◽  
C. Fusch ◽  
U. Schwanebeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Prevalence of obesity using the body mass index and equivalent age- and sex-specific thresholds for percentage body fat mass

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e93
Author(s):  
Julie A. Pasco ◽  
Haslinda Gould ◽  
Kara L. Holloway ◽  
Amelia G. Dobbins ◽  
Mark A. Kotowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

Serum leptin levels and energy expenditure in normal weight women

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Martin ◽  
PJH Jones ◽  
R V Considine ◽  
W Su ◽  
N F Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Humans

To investigate whether circulating leptin levels are associated with energy expenditure in healthy humans, doubly labeled water energy measurements and food intake assessment were carried out in 27 women (mean age, 48.6 years; weight, 61.9 kg; body mass index, 23.2). Energy expenditure was determined over 13 days. Food intake was measured by 7-day food records. Leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Leptin level was strongly associated with percentage body fat (r = 0.59; p < 0.001), fat mass (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), and body mass index (r = 0.41; p = 0.03), but no correlation was observed with energy expenditure (r = 0.02; p = 0.93). After controlling for percentage body fat, a positive association of leptin level with energy expenditure of marginal significance (p = 0.06) was observed. There were no significant univariate associations of age, physical activity, lean body mass, height, or dietary variables with leptin level. When controlling for body fat, a significant positive correlation was observed for percent energy from carbohydrate and negative correlations with dietary fat and alcohol intake. These findings confirm previous associations between leptin and body fat content and suggest a relationship between serum leptin and energy expenditure level in healthy humans.Key words: leptin, energy expenditure, body composition, diet.

scholarly journals Body Morphometrics in NAFLD Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkeerat Dhami ◽  
Niharika Samala
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Introduction: NAFLD is one of the common causes of liver disease in the US and is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. Among obese, prevalence of NAFLD is 7090%. We wanted to determine body morphometrics in NAFLD. Methods: All individuals presenting to Indiana University Hospital with NAFLD were approached to participate in cross-sectional study. All participants were offered beverage, diet (REAP) questionnaires and body composition analysis using InBody 570, which utilizes bioelectrical impedance. Results: Of the 321 NAFLD individuals enrolled, 256 completed body morphometric analysis. Mean age of the cohort was 51.58 ± 13.54, 58% were female, 297 White and had a mean BMI of 35.92. 76% were obese, 48% had type 2 diabetes, 49.2% had hypertension, 38.6% had dyslipidemia, and 20.5% had obstructive sleep apnea. Despite having similar BMI, females had lower lean body mass (51.01 vs 70.51) and skeletal muscle mass (28.05 vs 39.70), higher body fat mass (46.71 vs 41.04) and percent body fat (46.59 vs. 35.7). Regular coffee consumers had lower BMI (35.3 vs 38, p=0.038), but lower body fat mass (39.9 vs 46.2, p=0.01), percent body fat (41.1 vs 44.4, p=0.05) and higher lean body mass % (58.8 vs 55.5, p=0.049). Processed meat consumption was associated with higher BMI (39 vs 35.3, P=0.01), percent body fat (45.5 vs 42, p=0.04), and lower lean body mass percentage (54.5 vs 58.2, P=0.04). Similar trends were seen with consumption of high sodium processed foods and watching television for ≥ 2 hours/day. Conclusion: Among individuals with NAFLD, we saw a higher female preponderance, who were found to have unfavorable body morphometrics despite similar BMI as males. Consumption of high sodium processed food and meat and excess screen time have unfavorable, while regular coffee drinkers have favorable body morphometrics, which offer modifiable measures for risk factors associated with NAFLD.

scholarly journals An investigation into the effect of body mass index on the agreement between whole-body fat mass determined by MRI and air-displacement plethysmography

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1103) ◽  
pp. 20190300
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Weedall ◽  
Adrian J. Wilson ◽  
Sarah C. Wayte
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Test Objects

Objective: To validate MRI fat measurement protocols using purpose built test objects and by comparison with air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) whole-body fat measurements in non-obese subjects. Methods: Test objects of known fat concentration were used to quantify the accuracy of the MRI measurements. 10 participants with a body mass index in the range 18–30 underwent whole-body MRI using two different Dixon-based sequences (LAVA Flex and IDEAL IQ) to obtain an estimate of their whole-body fat mass. The MRI determined fat mass was compared to the fat mass determined by ADP. Results: MRI test object measurements showed a high correlation to expected fat percentage (r > 0.98). The participant MRI and ADP results were highly correlated (r = 0.99) but on average (mean ± standard deviation) MRI determined a higher fat mass than ADP (3.8 ± 3.1 kg for LAVA Flex and 1.9 ± 3.2 kg for IDEAL IQ). There was no trend in the difference between MRI and ADP with total fat mass. Conclusion: The good agreement between MRI and ADP shows that Dixon-based MRI can be used effectively as a tool in physiological research for non-obese adults. Advances in knowledge: This work found that for ten non-obese subjects body mass index had no effect on the MRI determination of whole-body fat mass.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of RFamide-Related Peptide-3 on Energy Metabolism in Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8606
Author(s):  
Shogo Moriwaki ◽  
Yuki Narimatsu ◽  
Keisuke Fukumura ◽  
Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽  
Megumi Furumitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Masses

RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), plays a crucial role in reproduction. In the present study, we explored the other functions of RFRP-3 by investigating the effects of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of RFRP-3 (6 nmol/day) for 13 days on energy homeostasis in lean male C57BL/6J mice. The infusion of RFRP-3 increased cumulative food intake and body mass. In addition, the masses of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the liver were increased by the administration of RFRP-3, although the mass of white adipose tissue was unchanged. On the other hand, RFRP-3 decreased O2 consumption, CO2 production, energy expenditure, and core body temperature during a short time period in the dark phase. These results suggest that the increase in food intake and the decrease in energy expenditure contributed to the gain of body mass, including the masses of BAT and the liver. The present study shows that RFRP-3 regulates not only reproductive function, but also energy metabolism, in mice.

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