Northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) travel and scan more at the cost of rest when in the presence of tourists

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-443
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Williams ◽  
Alison M. Behie
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Crested Gibbons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The tourism sector is a fast-growing contributor to the global economy, and nature-based tourism (NBT), particularly in Asia and Africa, is booming. Through the creation of jobs and revenue NBT has the potential to combat deforestation in regions that are economically poor, but of high biodiversity value. Inspired by the success of gorilla tourism in Uganda and Rwanda, several gibbon tourism projects have been initiated in Southeast Asia and China. Despite the existence of these programmes, no research has been done to investigate the impact of tourism on the behaviour of gibbons. To address this, we collected observational data on a group of northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) at Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park (VSSPNP), Cambodia, in the presence and absence of tourists. We found there was a significant increase in the amount of time individuals spent scanning their environment and travelling at the cost of rest when in the presence of tourists. We also found that individuals were significantly more likely to self-groom in the presence of tourists. These results highlight the importance of scientific research in implementing successful, low-impact NBT programmes that consider animal behavioural changes. We are continuing to collect data on gibbons at VSSPNP and at Mt. Gaoligong National Nature Reserve, China with the aim of extending the IUCN’s best-practice guidelines for great-ape tourism to include the small apes.

scholarly journals Management instruments in the process focused on improving the results of organizations functioning in economic crisis – based on the research of opinions presented by managers of tourist enterprises / Instrumenty zarządzania w procesie poprawy rezultatów działania organizacji w czasie kryzysu gospodarczego – w świetle badań opinii menedżerów przedsiębiorstw turystycznych

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-304
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rapacz ◽  
Daria E. Jaremen
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Phenomena

Summary The economic crisis, which has affected the global economy in recent years, also exerted impact on, among others, the tourism sector. It view of the worse financial and economic results obtained by enterprises operating in tourist sector and other negative phenomena tourist entities started paying attention to tools adequate for crisis management. The objective of article is to define the impact of economic crisis on the functioning of Polish tourist enterprises both in the perspective of its effects and activities undertaken to overcome them. The paper presents an attempt to verify the hypotheses, referring to the opinion of tourist companies’ managers, according to which an increase in operating costs represents the more important result of the current global crisis, rather than a drop in revenues or smaller number of clients. In spite of that, among crisis management instruments higher significance, than cost reduction, is associated with such activities and instruments as: promotion and its intensification, higher online sales intensity, offering discounts on services or winning new sale markets. It refers to hypothesis verification suggesting that these enterprises are not prepared for crisis situations and the activates undertaken are of temporary nature. The discussion presented in the paper is based on empirical research results carried out among entrepreneurs operating in tourism sector in the most popular tourist locations in The Karkonosze and The Izery mountains, i.e. Karpacz, Szklarska Poręba, Świeradów Zdrój and Jelenie Góra. The empirical part of the paper was preceded by theoretical remarks referring to attitudes of crisis management in tourism. The results of conducted research indicate that in the opinion of the majority of tourist companies’ managers/owners the crucial impact of the global crises was observed in higher functioning costs, while the most important instrument for its effects counteracting is the extension of promotion and offer distribution, mainly online, with the cost reduction to follow.

scholarly journals How is Participating in Suicide Prevention Activities Experienced by Those with Lived and Living Experiences of Suicide in Australia? A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4635
Author(s):  
Sarah Wayland ◽  
Kathy McKay ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
The Impact

People with a lived experience of suicide are commonly included within suicide prevention research. This includes participation in conferences, policy development, research and other activities. Yet little is known about the impact on the person in the long term of regularly sharing one’s experience to different audiences and, in some cases, to a schedule not of your choosing. This qualitative study asked twenty people to share their reflections of being lived experience representatives within suicide prevention. Participants varied in the length of time they had been sharing their stories, and how they shared with different audiences. These narratives were thematically analysed within a reflective framework, including field notes. Four broad themes were noted that highlighted participants’ recommendations as to how the lived experience speaker training could grow alongside suicide prevention activities to facilitate safe activities that include a shared understanding of the expected outcome from participation. The environment for people with lived experience of suicide to tell their stories already exists, meaning that the suicide prevention sector needs to move quickly to ensure people understand the variety of spaces where lived experience needs to be incorporated, evaluated and better supported. When lived experience is a valued inclusion in the creation of effective and appropriate suicide prevention research and interventions, those who share their experience must be valued and supported in a way that reflects this. This study recommends strategies to practically and emotionally support speakers, including ways to ensure debriefing and support, which can enhance the longevity of the speakers in the suicide prevention space by valuing the practical and emotional labour required to be suicide prevention representatives, with an outcome recommendation for best practice guidelines for those who engage people with lived experience in suicide prevention activities.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulations Demonstrate Algorithmic Interventions Over Time Reduce Hospitalisation in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117822261880307
Author(s):  
Alissa Knight ◽  
Geoff A Jarrad ◽  
Geoff D Schrader ◽  
Jorg Strobel ◽  
Dennis Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

Non-adherence with pharmacologic treatment is associated with increased rates of relapse and rehospitalisation among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To improve treatment response, remission, and recovery, research efforts are still needed to elucidate how to effectively map patient’s response to medication treatment including both therapeutic and adverse effects, compliance, and satisfaction in the prodromal phase of illness (ie, the time period in between direct clinical consultation and relapse). The Actionable Intime Insights (AI2) application draws information from Australian Medicare administrative claims records in real time when compliance with treatment does not meet best practice guidelines for managing chronic severe mental illness. Subsequently, the AI2 application alerts clinicians and patients when patients do not adhere to guidelines for treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the AI2 application on the risk of hospitalisation among simulated patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Monte Carlo simulation methodology was used to estimate the impact of the AI2 intervention on the probability of hospitalisation over a 2-year period. Results indicated that when the AI2 algorithmic intervention had an efficacy level of (>0.6), over 80% of actioned alerts were contributing to reduced hospitalisation risk among the simulated patients. Such findings indicate the potential utility of the AI2 application should replication studies validate its methodologic and ecological rigour in real-world settings.

scholarly journals Changes in error rates in the Australian key incident monitoring and management system program

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gay ◽  
Tony Badrick
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Medical Laboratories ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Incident Monitoring ◽  
System Program

Introduction: The Key incident monitoring and management system program (KIMMS) program collects data for 19 quality indicators (QIs) from Australian medical laboratories. This paper aims to review the data submitted to see whether the number of errors with a higher risk priority number (RPN) have been reduced in preference to those with a lower RPN, and to calculate the cost of these errors. Materials and methods: Data for QIs from 60 laboratories collected through the KIMMS program from 2015 until 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The results for each QI were averaged for the four-year average and coefficient of variation. To review the changes in QI frequency, the yearly averages for 2015 and 2018 were compared. By dividing the total RPN by 4 and multiplying that number by the cost of recollection of 30 AUD, it was possible to assign the risk cost of these errors. Results: The analysis showed a drop in the overall frequency of incidents (6.5%), but a larger drop in risk (9.4%) over the period investigated. Recollections per year in Australia cost the healthcare industry 27 million AUD. If the RPN data is used, this cost increases to 66 million AUD per year. Conclusions: Errors with a higher RPN have fallen more than those with lower RPN. The data shows that the errors associated with phlebotomy are the ones that have most improved. Further improvements require a better understanding of the root cause of the errors and to achieve this, work is required in the collection of the data to establish best-practice guidelines.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT ATAS KEBERADAAN TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING DI KELURAHAN KUMAI HULU KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Nindra Nindra ◽  
Arfa Agustina Rezekiah ◽  
Daniel Itta
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
New Jobs

The socioeconomic aspects of the community around the ecotourism site will have an impact on the existence of community-based ecotourism, as well as the existence of Tanjung Puting National Park. This research aims to analyze the impact of Tanjung Puting National Park on the socio-economic condition of the people of Kumai Hulu Village. The location of the research was chosen the location of the village closest to TNTP. A sample of 98 respondents was taken purposively sampling on the grounds of the location of the village closest to ecotourism. Research methods by conducting interviews, observations and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The impact of TNTP on social conditions in Kumai Hulu Village is high and for economic conditions is being seen with increasing economic opportunities such as trade, lodging and klotok transportation business. Tourism development will certainly have an impact on the conditions around tourism, both in the form of positive impacts such as improving people's living standards by creating new jobs and increasing people's incomes. The negative impact with this TNTP such as the price of basic and local goods increased and the cost of building facilities and infrastructure also increased.Aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang ada disekitar lokasi ekowisata akan berdampak terhadap keberadaan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat, begitu pun dengan adanya Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisisis dampak Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kelurahan Kumai Hulu. Penetapan lokasi penelitian dipilih lokasi kelurahan yang paling dekat dengan TNTP. Sampel responden untuk dilakukan wawancara berjumlah 98 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling dengan alasan lokasi kelurahan yang paling dekat dengan ekowisata. Metode penelitian dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi serta dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Dampak adanya TNTP terhadap kondisi sosial di Kelurahan Kumai Hulu adalah tinggi dan untuk kondisi ekonomi adalah sedang hal ini terlihat dengan meningkatnya peluang ekonomi seperti perdagangan, penginapan serta usaha transportasi klotok. Pengembangan pariwisata tentu saja akan memberikan dampak terhadap kondisi sekitar pariwisata, baik berupa dampak positif seperti meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat dengan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru serta meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Dampak negative dengan adanya TNTP ini seperti harga barang-barang pokok dan lokal meningkat dan biaya pembangunan sarana dan prasarana juga meningkat.

Dedicated paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy medical support: a pre–post observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel O Mace ◽  
Charlie McLeod ◽  
Daniel K Yeoh ◽  
Julie Vine ◽  
Yu-Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveDespite the many benefits of paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) programmes, there are risks associated with delivering inpatient-level care outside of hospital. There is a paucity of evidence defining how best to mitigate these risks. We examined the impact of introducing a dedicated medical team to OPAT, to define the role of increased medical oversight in improving patient outcomes in this cohort.DesignA prospective 24-month pre–post observational cohort study.SettingThe Hospital in the Home (HiTH) programme at Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) for Children, Western Australia.PatientsAll OPAT admissions to HiTH, excluding haematology/oncology patients.InterventionsPMH introduced a dedicated OPAT medical support team in July 2015 to improve adherence to best-practice guidelines for patient monitoring and review.Main outcome measuresDuration of OPAT, adherence to monitoring guidelines, drug-related and line-related adverse events and readmission to hospital.ResultsThere were a total of 502 OPAT episodes over 24 months, with 407 episodes included in analyses. Following the introduction of the OPAT medical team, adherence to monitoring guidelines improved (OR 4.90, 95% CI 2.48 to 9.66); significantly fewer patients required readmission to hospital (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.86) and there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients receiving prolonged (≥7 days) OPAT (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.99).ConclusionThe introduction of a formal medical team to HiTH demonstrated a positive clinical impact on OPAT patients’ outcomes. These findings support the ongoing utility of medical governance in a nurse-led HiTH service.

scholarly journals Refuting Spurious COVID-19 Treatment Claims Reduces Demand and Misinformation Sharing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas MacFarlane ◽  
Li Qian Tay ◽  
Mark J. Hurlstone ◽  
Ullrich K. H. Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Claims

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a surge of health misinformation, which has had serious consequences including direct harm and opportunity costs. We investigated (N = 678) the impact of such misinformation on hypothetical demand (i.e., willingness-to-pay) for an unproven treatment, and propensity to promote (i.e., like or share) misinformation online. This is a novel approach, as previous research has used mainly questionnaire-based measures of reasoning. We also tested two interventions to counteract the misinformation, contrasting a tentative refutation based on materials used by health authorities with an enhanced refutation based on best-practice recommendations. We found prior exposure to misinformation increased misinformation promotion (by 18%). Both tentative and enhanced refutations reduced demand (by 18% and 25%, respectively) as well as misinformation promotion (by 29% and 55%). The fact that enhanced refutations were more effective at curbing promotion of misinformation highlights the need for debunking interventions to follow current best-practice guidelines.

scholarly journals This Changes Everything

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhan Cevik ◽  
João Tovar Jalles
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sovereign Risk ◽  
Bond Yields ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is already a systemic risk to the global economy. While there is a large body of literature documenting potential economic consequences, there is scarce research on the link between climate change and sovereign risk. This paper therefore investigates the impact of climate change vulnerability and resilience on sovereign bond yields and spreads in 98 advanced and developing countries over the period 1995–2017. We find that the vulnerability and resilience to climate change have a significant impact on the cost government borrowing, after controlling for conventional determinants of sovereign risk. That is, countries that are more resilient to climate change have lower bond yields and spreads relative to countries with greater vulnerability to risks associated with climate change. Furthermore, partitioning the sample into country groups reveals that the magnitude and statistical significance of these effects are much greater in developing countries with weaker capacity to adapt to and mitigate the consequences of climate change.

scholarly journals Using Keeper Questionnaires to Capture Zoo-Housed Tiger (Panthera tigris) Personality: Considerations for Animal Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-663
Author(s):  
Natalie Bullock ◽  
Charlotte James ◽  
Ellen Williams
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Individual personalities affect animal experiences of zoo environments, impact on an animal’s coping ability and have potential implications for welfare. Keeper assessments have been identified as a quick and reliable way of capturing data on personality in a range of species and have practical application in improving animal welfare on an individual level. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of animal personality within a zoo environment, there is a paucity of research into tiger personality and the potential impact of this on tiger experiences within zoos. This research investigated the personality of 34 tigers (19 Amur and 15 Sumatran) across 14 facilities in the UK using keeper ratings and identified changes keepers made in animal husbandry to support tiger welfare. Reliability across keepers (n = 49) was established for nine adjectives and a principal component analysis identified three personality components: ‘anxious’, ‘quiet’ and ‘sociable’. When subspecies were combined, there was no relationship between tiger scores on the personality components and age or sex of tigers (p > 0.05). Subspecies of tiger was not related to scores on the ‘quiet’ or ‘sociable’ components (p > 0.05). Sumatran tigers scored more highly than Amur tigers on the ‘anxious’ component (mean ± SD, Sumatran: 3.0 ± 1.7, Amur: 1.8 ± 0.6, p < 0.05). Analysis within subspecies found that male Amur tigers were more sociable than females (mean ± SD, males: 5.5 ± 0.707; females: 4.15 ± 0.55). Amur tiger age was also negatively correlated with scores on the sociable personality component (R = −0.742, p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen in Sumatran tigers. Keepers reported a number of changes to husbandry routines based on their perceptions of their tigers’ personality/needs. However, there was no significant relationship between these changes and tiger personality scores (p > 0.05). Despite significant evolutionary differences between Amur and Sumatran tigers, there are no subspecies specific guidelines for zoo tigers. This research has highlighted the potential for these two subspecies to display personality differences and we advocate further research into this area. Specifically, we highlight a need to validate the relationship between tiger personality, management protocols and behavioural and physiological metrics of welfare. This will enable a fuller understanding of the impact of personality on zoo tiger experiences and will enable identification of evidence-based best practice guidelines.

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