scholarly journals Better than a sack full of Latin: Anticlericalism in the Middle Dutch Dit es de Frenesie

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-453
Author(s):  
Bas Jongenelen ◽  
Ben Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Middle Dutch ◽  
English Verse ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis article offers the first substantial survey of the Middle Dutch satire Dit es de Frenesie since the work of C.P. Serrure in the mid nineteenth century. It contests much of the conventional wisdom surrounding De Frenesie, challenging the poem's usual classification as an early boerde or fabliau. Instead it is argued that the text is an experimental work, which blends together elements of several satiric traditions without committing itself to any one. The implications of this maneuver and others within the text are considered, revealing the poem's clear sympathy with the newly educated and articulate laity. De Frenesie itself is appended in both the original Middle Dutch and an English verse translation.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Philip Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
Better Than

My own interest in the topics of this book dates back a good many years. In fact, it predates the emergence of the modern field of climate history, or the identification of global warming as an incipient menace. In saying that, I am claiming no status as a prodigy, still less a prophet. Rather, in my teenage years, I read a great deal of speculative fiction, science fiction, in which themes of climate change and cataclysm have long percolated, at least since the latter years of the nineteenth century. We can debate how accurate the scientific analyses or predictions were in many of these works—in many cases, the level of accurate knowledge was minimal—but those works had the inordinate advantage of thinking through the human and cultural consequences of catastrophe, commonly speculating about religious dimensions. Obviously, some works succeeded better than others in that regard, but the essential project was critically important. If we are foretelling that the world will be assailed by lethal menaces, then we cannot fail to go on to imagine what the political or cultural consequences would or should be....

Earth as a Snowball

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zalasiewicz ◽  
Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South African ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rock Strata ◽  
Louis Agassiz ◽  
Better Than

Our attempts to reconstruct the climate of the distant Archaean in Chapter 1 might seem a little like reading a volume of Tolstoy’s War and Peace recovered from a burnt-out house. Most of the pages have turned to ash, and only some scattered sentences remain on a few charred pages. The Proterozoic Eon that followed began 2.5 billion years ago, thus is not quite so distant from us in time. We know it a little better than the Archaean—at least a handful of pages from its own book have survived. And this book is long—the Proterozoic lasted nearly two billion years. This is as long as the Hadean and Archaean together, and not far short of half of Earth’s history. Like many a soldier’s account of war, it combined long periods of boredom and brief intervals of terror—or their climatic equivalents, at least. The latter included the most intense glaciations that ever spread across the Earth. Some of these may have converted the planet into one giant snowball. The earliest traces of glaciation on Earth are seen even before the Proterozoic, in rock strata of Archaean age, 2.9 billion years old, near the small South African town of Pongola. These rocks include sedimentary deposits called tillites, which are essentially a jumble of rock fragments embedded in finer sediment. The vivid, old-fashioned term for such deposits is ‘boulder clays’, while the newer and more formal name is ‘till’ for a recent deposit and ‘tillite’ for the hardened, ancient version. Many of the ancient blocks and boulders in the tillites of Pongola are grooved and scratched—a tell-tale sign that they have been dragged along the ground by debris-rich ice. This kind of evidence is among the first ever employed by scientists of the mid-nineteenth century, such as Louis Agassiz and William Buckland, to tell apart ice-transported sediments from superficially similar ones that had formed as boulder-rich slurries when rivers flooded or volcanoes erupted. Ice, then, appeared on Earth in Archaean times.

scholarly journals 7. Experimental work at the university of chicago on the onset of thermal instability in a layer of fluid heated from below

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Nakagawa ◽  
Kevin H. Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Thermal Instability ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
Administrative Supervision ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
S Chandrasekhar ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

This paper will summarize the experimental work at the University of Chicago on the problem of the onset of thermal instability in a layer of fluid heated from below. The purpose of this work has been to test certain theoretical predictions of the Rayleigh number at which instability sets in, and to determine the type of instability which appears at the critical point. The earlier experiments of this series were done at the hydrodynamics laboratory of the University of Chicago in connexion with a program of meteorological reseach[1, 2, 3, 4]. The current work is being done at the newly organized hydromagnetics laboratory of the Enrico Fermi Institute of Nuclear Studies. This laboratory utilizes the magnet of the old Chicago cyclotron, with pole pieces 92·7 cm in diameter and a gap of 22·1 cm. The magnet was reconstructed to allow the field strength to be varied from 0 to 13,000 gauss; the field is uniform to better than 1 % over the experimental area. The new laboratory is under the administrative supervision of Professors S. K. Allison and S. Chandrasekhar; the experiments are being done by Y. Nakagawa. The theoretical investigations are primarily the work of Chandrasekhar[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] and it will be convenient to review some of his results before discussing the experiments.

scholarly journals The Representation of Status in Mande: Did the Mali Empire Still Exist in the Nineteenth Century?

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information

For the reconstruction of the history of the aftermath of the Mali empire, that is, the period 1500-1800, oral traditions are the only source of information. The history of this period has been reconstructed by Person and Niane. Their work has gained widespread acceptance. In this paper I will argue that these scholars made significant methodological errors—in particular, in interpreting chronology in genealogies, and their reading of stories about invasions and the seizure of power by younger brothers.My reading of the oral tradition raises questions about the nature of both sixteenth- and nineteenth-century Mande (that is the triangle Bamako-Kita-Kankan (see map), the region where the ‘Malinke’ live), and the medieval Mali empire, because I think that Mande royal genealogies have wrongly been considered to represent claims to the imperial throne of the Mali empire. In contrast, my reading of oral tradition suggests in retrospect that the organizational structure of the Mali empire may have been segmentary, and not centralized, ranking between segments under discussion, each group thereby creating a hierarchical image.The conventional wisdom seems to be that the Mali empire collapsed/disintegrated in the period from 1500 and 1800. As Person put it:Dans le triangle malinké, on ne trouvera plus au XIX siècle que des kafu, ces petites unités étatiques qui forment les cellules politiques fondamentales du monde mandingue. Certains d'entre eux savaient faire reconnaître leur hégémonie à leurs voisins, mais aucune structure politique permante n'existait à un niveau supérieur. Beaucoup d'entre eux, dont les plus puissants et les plus peuplés, seront alors commandées par des lignées Kééta qui se réclament avec quelque vraisemblance des empereurs du Mali médiéval.

scholarly journals Mechano-sorptive creep of Portuguese pinewood chemically modified

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Duarte Barroso Lopes ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Melamine Resin ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Better Than

Summary The effect of chemical modification on mechano-sorptive creep in bending was studied by experimental work. Stakes with 20 × 20 × 400 mm RTL of Portuguese wood species (Pinus pinaster Aiton) modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5- dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), m-methylated melamine resin (MMF), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and amid wax (WA) were measured under asymmetric moistening conditions over a period of 42 days (app. 1000 hours) with stress level (SL) of 12 MPa, according to ENV 1156. The cell wall treatments (DMDHEU and MMF resins) had shown significant reduction of creep (creep factors, kc) when compared to untreated wood under similar conditions. Both types of resins and levels of treatments (different WPG) did not shown significant effects. In the lumen fill treatments, deposit material of TEOS did not affected the creep behaviour (kc); Wax treatment was shown a particular compliance of creep due to avoid exchange moisture (by the hydrophobic effect of wax). The anti-creep efficiency (ACE) correlated better than other mechanical or physical properties imparted by the modification process

Indefinite transits: mobility and confinement in the age of steam

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe increased regulation of mobility that accompanied its late nineteenth-century expansion and acceleration is widely recognized. Regulatory practices reached out to distant shores and on board ships, heightening uncertainties and reshaping meanings of voyage and transit, especially for non-white passengers and crews. Travel and mobility are common themes in historical and other literatures. But less is known about experiences of uncertain or thwarted arrivals, involuntary departures, and indefinite transit resulting from practices governing steam-age mobility. People in transit illuminate the conditional openings and closures in such tropes as mobility, transit, and destination. Few spaces embodied and actualized ‘transit’ better than ships, and this article focuses on the role of ships as vessels of confinement. In equal parts about passengers and crews, it explores experiences of nominally free persons uncertainly afloat in a world marked otherwise by assured or accelerated oceanic mobility in three contexts that illustrate physical, political, and cultural constraints on maritime mobility in the age of steam. They are the 1914 voyage of the Komagata-maru, British merchant vessels employing Indian crews, and wartime subjection and resistance of Chinese crews on British and Dutch vessels.

scholarly journals The Labour Party and Education for Socialism

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Barker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Sunday Schools ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

No socialist since Robert Owen has had any excuse for being unaware of the relationship between educational reform and social and political change, and a perception of this relationship was a feature of nineteenth century socialism and liberalism. The attention which the educational principles and policies of socialist, labour, and radical movements in Europe have recently received has thus been well deserved. The socialists have however come off better than those organisations which have been designated as merely “labour”, and two valuable contributions to the literature dealing with Great Britain – Professor Simon's Education and the Labour Movement, 1870–1920, and Dr Reid's article on the Socialist Sunday Schools – are concerned with the programmes and beliefs of left wing socialist bodies, rather than with those of the ideologically more diffuse but politically more important Labour Party. Both these contributions may perhaps profitably be placed in a new perspective by an examination of the attitudes adopted within the Labour Party and within its industrial half-brother the Trades Union Congress, to the problems raised by the content and character, as opposed to the structure and organisation, of the education available to the working class.

Results of Isolation of the Orbital Lobes in Leucotomy

1949 ◽  
Vol 95 (398) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Egan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Prefrontal Area ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Better Than

Many authors, examining personality changes after brain injury, have observed that lesions of the orbital surface of the frontal lobes are more frequently accompanied by emotional changes than lesions in any other part of the cortex. Amongst others, Schuster (1902), Berger (1923), Kleist (1931) and Rylander (1939), have called attention to this fact, and experimental work by Fulton and Ingraham (1929) on cats has established confirmatory evidence. Freeman and Watts (1942), in their study of leucotomized patients observed that, if only the lower quadrants of the white matter in the prefrontal area were cut, the results of leucotomy were better than when the cut was placed in the upper quadrants only. Groups of cases, in whom only the lower quadrants were sectioned, have also been reported on by Dax and Radley Smith (1943 and 1946), Reitman (1946) and Hofstatter et al (1945).

John Lingard and the catholic revival

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 313-327
Author(s):  
Sheridan Gilley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
English History ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Catholic Priest ◽  
Better Than

The nineteenth-century histories of England were inspired by and reflect the political and religious ideologies of the era; the liberal anglican school described by Duncan Forbes, the varieties of high church scholarship from Christopher Wordsworth to canon Dixon, the optimistic whiggery of Hallam and Macaulay, the protestant high toryism of Southey, the political protestantism of Froudc and the teutomania of Freeman. Most of these writers had two ideas in common; a strong sense of the importance of national history as a reinforcement of the English sense of self identity, and the oneness of English history. This was a view given classic expression m John Richard Green’s Short History of the English People, and has been perpetuated by Trevelyan and Churchill into the twentieth century. Far better than most of his predecessors, Green’s history was more than just a history of the nation written from a partisan point of view, and owed its popularity as much to its breadth of sympathy as to the author’s gift for quicksilver generalisation and narration which move the reader on at the pace of a hare. In this last quality, it was most unlike the most popular nineteenth-century history of England before its publication, the work of a Roman catholic priest John Lingard, though Lingard also professed to rise above the turmoil of parties to write an impartial history.

Industrialization on Chicago’s Periphery: Examining Industrial Decentralization, 1893–1936

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward V. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central City ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Industrial Growth

Industrial decentralization in the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century is usually presented as a straightforward process in which central city firms built new factories on suburban greenfield sites. The conventional wisdom is that these sites were located just beyond the central city, or adjacent built up areas, on the urban fringe. The essay argues that this view of industrial growth on Chicago’s periphery fails to capture important nuances of capital flow and suggests expanding the current industrial decentralization models to include outlying industrial settlements.

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