Meaning without Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-369
Author(s):  
Stephen Turner
Keyword(s):  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Web Of Belief ◽  
As If

Abstract There is a core conflict between conventional ideas about “meaning” and the phenomenon of meaning and meaning change in history. Conventional accounts are either atemporal or appeal to something fixed that bestows meaning, such as a rule or a convention. This produces familiar problems over change. Notions of rule and convention are metaphors for something tacit. They are unhelpful in accounting for change: there are no rule-givers or convenings in history. Meanings are in flux, and are part of a web of belief and practical activity that is in constant change. We can perhaps salvage some point to appeals to fixed frameworks if we treat them as “as if ” constructions designed as crutches to enable us to improve on literal readings of the texts by making more sense of the inferential connections and practical significance of their content at the time.

Methodical model of development of grammar skills of students’ speech on the basis of realization of foreign-language Internet projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Elina G. Yuzbasheva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Internet Ethics ◽  
Grammatical Skills ◽  
Relationship Of

The educational process undergoes constant change and transformation, which emphasizes the inevitability of changes associated with corresponding transformations in society. Thus, we find more and more evidence that the development of ways to use Internet technologies in the educational process is a continuous occupation, requiring constant research and additions. Model-ing, considered from the point of view of the methods for foreign languages teaching, is regarded by scientists to be the direction of development of this science mainly related to the content of teaching, as well as the sequence of work on the development of material. A methodical model for the development of grammatical skills of students based on realization of foreign-language Internet projects is developed, consisting of an ideological component (the idea of perspective, phasing, potential difference, separation of efforts), an associated analytical and information component consisting of strategic and tactical prerequisites. The model is built on the basis of systemic, competent, communicative, personal-activity and project-modular approaches, which include, along with the principles (phasing, predictability, step-by-step feedback, productivity, security of project activities, development and self-development, Internet ethics and rational tolerance, flexibility, functionality, novelty, feasibility, practical significance, individual responsibility, facilitation, creating the necessary conditions for participants in project activities) and methods (project method, method of problem learning) in the theoretical and methodological component. The hierarchical relationship of the described and updated components of the model is substantiated.

Analysis of students' qualification works in the view of the approval of new Educational and Professional Standards. 10 years of Educational programme 35.03.08 "Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture" at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Svetlana Korolkova ◽  
Aleksandr Shoshin ◽  
Andrey Pedchenko
Keyword(s):  
Educational Program ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Artificial Breeding

The article demonstrates the role of students’ practical activities in studying with the educational program of the bachelor's degree educational programme 35.03.08 "Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture" at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University. It is shown that the role of students’ practical activity increases in connection with the approval of new Educational and Professional Standards. It is emphasized that the indicator of the level of students’ professional skills in practical activity is the preparation of the qualification work in the framework of the State Final Certification. The qualification works were analyzed: 64 bachelors’ final qualification works and 8 master's theses. It is pointed out that the relevance and scientific and practical significance of the topics of the qualification works, as well as the wide coverage of problems related to the state and artificial breeding of aquatic bioresources, confirm the practice-oriented educational program and its high practical significance. In choosing the topics of the qualification works, the students were guided by their relevance, innovation and prospects, and also showed an interest in exotic types of aquaculture.

Identification of differences in accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge and practice: the basis of transformatinal shifts

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Serhii Bardash ◽  
Nataliia Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Information Requests

The purpose of the article is to prove the existence of essential differences between the elements of the accounting system as a science and practice and determine the elements of accounting theory to state the emergence of new theories and identify the development of accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge. Research methods. In the process of the study, methods inherent in modern philosophy of science were used: a dialectical approach (to reveal the essence of accounting as a branch of knowledge and practical activity) in combination with historiographic (in the study of the system of scientific knowledge in scientific circles on the variability of accounting theories) and comparative analytical methods (to determine the elements of the accounting system in scientific, theoretical and practical aspects, to build an integrated system, as well as to disclose the relationships between individual elements and its subsystems). Research results. The expediency of identifying the elements of the accounting system as scientific knowledge, as well as the elements of the accounting system as a type of practical activity has been substantiated and their essence has been clarified. It has been proved that the accounting theory can be recognized as new if there is an actual, and not an imaginary change in information requests, which will predetermine the emergence of new or new accounting concepts, as a result of which the accounting theory will be transformed. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions on the assessment of the general genesis of accounting as a system of scientific knowledge were further developed. The direction and argumentation of the controversy regarding its inevitable transformation gives grounds to assert that accounting science, like other accounting and analytical sciences, can have two or more theories. The fundamental foundations have been laid regarding the addition of an integrated accounting object, provides for further clarification of its purpose, the allocation of new tasks, principles, methods and techniques of accounting. Practical significance. The practical significance lies in determining the development trajectory of accounting as a branch of scientific knowledge and further using the system of new scientific knowledge to solve the problems of accounting practice. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 19.

Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
J.D. Shelburne ◽  
G.M. Roomans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

Improvement of an artificial test substrate technique for evaluation of em immunocytochemical labeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
As If

We recently described an artificial substrate system which could be used to optimize labeling parameters in EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). The system utilizes blocks of glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine serum albumin (BSA) into which an antigen is incorporated by a soaking procedure. The resulting antigen impregnated blocks can then be fixed and embedded as if they are pieces of tissue and the effects of fixation, embedding and other parameters on the ability of incorporated antigen to be immunocyto-chemically labeled can then be assessed. In developing this system further, we discovered that the BSA substrate can also be dried and then sectioned for immunolabeling with or without prior chemical fixation and without exposing the antigen to embedding reagents. The effects of fixation and embedding protocols can thus be evaluated separately.

Collective Efficacy and Organizational Commitment in an Italian City Hall

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Borgogni ◽  
Silvia Dello Russo ◽  
Laura Petitta ◽  
Gary P. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Italian City ◽  
Public Sector Managers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Group

Employees (N = 170) of a City Hall in Italy were administered a questionnaire measuring collective efficacy (CE), perceptions of context (PoC), and organizational commitment (OC). Two facets of collective efficacy were identified, namely group and organizational. Structural equation models revealed that perceptions of top management display a stronger relationship with organizational collective efficacy, whereas employees’ perceptions of their colleagues and their direct superior are related to collective efficacy at the group level. Group collective efficacy had a stronger relationship with affective organizational commitment than did organizational collective efficacy. The theoretical significance of this study is in showing that CE is two-dimensional rather than unidimensional. The practical significance of this finding is that the PoC model provides a framework that public sector managers can use to increase the efficacy of the organization as a whole as well as the individual groups that compose it.

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