A Roman Catholic Missionary Attempt in the Chaco Boreal (1925–1940): Father Walter Vervoort as an Ethnographer

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-54
Author(s):  
Alejandra Siffredi
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Intercultural Contact ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Oblates Of Mary Immaculate ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chaco War

AbstractThis essay seeks to throw light on the missionary efforts undertaken by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI), a Roman Catholic congregation, among the Nivaclé in today's Paraguayan Chaco (Chaco Boreal), between 1925 and 1940. Based on current anthropological knowledge, it assesses a series of ethnographic observations made by Father Walter Vervoort, OMI, a paradigmatic missionary of the time. Besides, it considers various ambiguities, paradoxes, and mediations in the relationship between Indians, missionaries, and the military in a socio-political context dominated by the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia (1932-35). Finally, the analysis problematises the issue of cultural codes and of intercultural contact in a missionary context, while encouraging a reflection on both the wanted and unwanted outcomes of an equivocal missionary and civilizing endeavour that created some misunderstandings and, to a lesser extent, led to a certain degree of compatibility in the relationship between the missionaries and the Indians. Cet article porte sur l'action missionnaire que les Oblates de Marie Immaculée (OMI), une congrégation catholique romaine, entreprirent entre 1925 et 1940 parmi les Nivaclé dans ce qui est aujourd'hui la région du Chaco au Paraguay. Se basant sur les derniers développements en anthropologie, le texte évalue une série d'observations ethnographiques faites par le Père Walter Vervoort, OMI, un missionnaire paradigmatique de son temps. Il explore en outre les ambigüités, les paradoxes et les médiations dont était faite la relation entre Indiens, missionnaires et militaires dans un contexte sociopolitique dominé par la guerre du Chaco entre le Paraguay et la Bolivie (1932-35). Enfin, l'analyse problématise la question des codes culturels et du contact interculturel dans un contexte missionnaire tout en encourageant une réflexion sur les conséquences volontaires et involontaires d'une entreprise missionnaire équivoque qui créa des malentendus et, dans une moindre mesure, entraina un certain degré de compatibilité dans la relation entre missionnaires et indiens.

Turkish-Israeli Relations Through the Lens of the Turkish Identity Debate

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakan Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores Israeli-Turkish relations within the context of the deepening polarization between Turkey's secular elite and the religiously oriented segments of society. Examining the causes and political context of the alliance, the author argues that the deepening ties are at least partly a function of the sense of beleaguerment of the Turkish military, guardians of Kemalist orthodoxy, in the face of domestic challenges to its homogenizing vision. After describing the features of the axis itself, the author shows how it intermeshed with the accelerating showdown between the military and the Islamist-led civilian government. Finally, the paper examines the relationship in the light of Turkish national interests, concluding that Turkey's main problems are internal and not amenable to outside solutions.

Obligation in Exile

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Zvi Baron
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Questions arose about what it meant to support a country whose political future the author has no say in as a Diaspora Jew. The questions became all the more pronounced the more I learned about Israel’s history. Many Jews feel the same way, and often are uncomfortable with what such an obligation can mean, in no small part because of concerns over being identified with Israel because of one’s Jewish heritage or because of the overwhelming significance that Israel has come to have for Jewish identity. Israel’s significance is matched by how much is published about Israel. Increasingly, this literature is not only about trying to explain Israel’s wars, the military occupation or other parts of its history, but about the relationship between Diaspora1 Jewry and Israel.

Religion and the Military

2018 ◽  
pp. 535-552
Author(s):  
Leana A. Bouffard ◽  
Haerim Jin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the literature examining the role of religion and military service in the desistance process. It also identifies outstanding issues and directions for future research. It first presents an overview of research examining the role of religion in desistance and highlights measurement issues, potential intervening mechanisms, and a consideration of faith-based programs as criminal justice policy. Next, this chapter covers the relationship between military service and offending patterns, including period effects that explain variation in the relationship, selection effects, and the incorporation of military factors in criminal justice policy and programming. The chapter concludes by highlighting general conclusions from these two bodies of research and questions to be considered in future research.

scholarly journals Online News and Protest Participation in a Political Context: Evidence from Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630512098445
Author(s):  
Nora Kirkizh ◽  
Olessia Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Online News ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Relationship

Availability of alternative information through social media, in particular, and digital media, in general, is often said to induce social discontent, especially in states where traditional media are under government control. But does this relation really exist, and is it generalizable? This article explores the relationship between self-reported online news consumption and protest participation across 48 nations in 2010–2014. Based on multilevel regression models and simulations, the analysis provides evidence that those respondents who reported that they had attended a protest at least once read news online daily or weekly. The study also shows that the magnitude of the effect varies depending on the political context: surprisingly, despite supposedly unlimited control of offline and online media, autocratic countries demonstrated higher effects of online news than transitional regimes, where the Internet media are relatively uninhibited.

A Special Intermittence and Continuity in Local History: The Chinese Diaspora and Their Hometown in Battlefield Quemoy during 1949-1960s

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiang Bo-wei
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Community Power ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract From 1949, Quemoy became the battlefront between the warring Nationalists and Communists as well as the frontline between Cold War nations. Under military rule, social and ideological control suppressed the community power of traditional clans and severed their connection with fellow countrymen living abroad. For 43 long years up until 1992, Quemoy was transformed from an open hometown of the Chinese diaspora into a closed battlefield and forbidden zone. During the war period, most of the Quemoy diasporic Chinese paid close attention to the state of their hometown including the security of their family members and property. In the early 1950s, they tried to keep themselves informed of the situation in Quemoy through any available medium and build up a new channel of remittances. Furthermore, as formal visits of the overseas Chinese were an important symbol of legitimacy for the KMT, Quemoy emigrants had been invited by the military authority to visit their hometown since 1950. This was in fact the only channel for the Chinese diaspora to go home. Using official files, newspapers and records of oral histories, this article analyzes the relationship between the Chinese diaspora and the battlefield, Quemoy, and takes a look at the interactions between family and clan members of the Chinese diaspora during 1949-1960s. It is a discussion of a special intermittence and continuity of local history.

Proportionality under Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello: Clarifying their Relationship

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël van Steenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Proportionality is a condition provided under both jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Based on a particular interpretation of state practice and international case law, recent legal literature argues that the two notions of proportionality are interrelated in that proportionality under jus in bello is included in the assessment of proportionality under jus ad bellum. This article seeks to refute such a position and, more generally, to clarify the relationship between the two notions of proportionality.The main argument of the article is in line with the traditional position regarding the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. It is argued that, although sharing common features and being somewhat interconnected, the notions of proportionality provided under these two separate branches of international law remain independent of each other, mainly because of what is referred to in this article as the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which characterises their relations. Proportionality under jus ad bellum is to be measured against the military operation as a whole, whereas proportionality under jus in bello is to be assessed against individual military attacks launched in the framework of this operation.This article nonetheless emphasises the risk of overlap between the assessments of the two notions of proportionality when the use of force involves only one or a few military operations. Indeed, in such situations, the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which normally enables one to make a distinct assessment between the two notions of proportionality, is no longer applicable since it becomes impossible to distinguish between the military operation as a whole and the individual military attacks undertaken during this operation.

Schleiermacher and the Construction of a Contemporary Roman Catholic Foundational Theology

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Schüssler Fiorenza
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Fundamental Theology ◽  
Association Of Theological Schools ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Historical Argument ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Foundational Theology

When I was completing my book on foundational theology, I presented a paper on the concept of broad reflective equilibrium and foundational theology to a group of colleagues at a conference sponsored by the Association of Theological Schools. This paper summarized the book's concluding section, which dealt with the relationship between contemporary criticisms of foundationalism and a foundational theology employing the method of broad reflective equilibrium. It advanced a systematic and historical argument. Systematically, the section argued that the method of broad reflective equilibrium offered a vision of foundational theology that avoided the pitfalls of foundationalism, overcoming the foundationalism of fundamental theology. It appealed to current discussions about methodology, specifically, the discussions on reflective equilibrium in the philosophy of science and in political ethics. The historical argument appealed to Schleiermacher by relating Schleiermacher's stance on the relationship between systematic and philosophical theology to the conception of a nonfoundationalist foundational theology, employing the method of broad reflective equilibrium.

The Historian’s Role, Public History, and the National Truth Commission in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Viz Quadrat
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Truth Commission ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn 2011, twenty-six years after the end of the military dictatorship, the Brazilian government took the initiative of implementing the right to memory and to the truth, as well as promoting national reconciliation. A National Truth Commission was created aiming at examining and shedding light on serious human rights violations practiced by government agents from 1946 to 1985. It worked across the entire national territory for almost three years and established partnerships with governments of other countries in order to investigate and expose the international networks created by dictatorships for monitoring and persecuting political opponents across borders. This article analyzes the relationship between historians and the National Truth Commission in Brazil, in addition to the construction of dictatorship public history in the country. In order to do so, the Commission’s relationship with the national community of historians, the works carried out, as well as historians’ reactions towards its works, from its creation until its final report in 2014, will be examined.

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