Conclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 543-565
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy ◽  
Ivan Šimonović
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Atrocity Crimes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Multiple Actors

Abstract The prevention of atrocity crimes is the cornerstone of R2P. Yet, how prevention works in practice is little understood. In practice, multiple actors at different levels employ multiple prevention tools simultaneously which relate to, and impact upon, the regional, national and local contexts in which atrocity crime risk is evident. Strengthening preventive action requires better understanding of the combination of measures employed and how these measures interact and affect the risk of atrocity crimes. Recognising the growing gap between the promise and practice of atrocity prevention, the UN Office on Genocide Prevention and R2P commissioned a series of case studies to evaluate atrocity prevention efforts, covering the countries of Burundi, Central African Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Myanmar, South Sudan and Syria. From these studies, four main lessons become apparent. One, imminently apprehended atrocity crimes are preventable. Two, best outcomes are achieved when atrocity prevention is made a priority. Three, unity of purpose is essential. And four, atrocity prevention relies on several factors, some of which are outside the control of those undertaking prevention. These lessons mean that while atrocity prevention is difficult, it is possible.

South Africa’s efforts to Project Influence and Power in Africa (2000 to 2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barend Louwrens Prinsloo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

The article aims to explain the reasons and ways South Africa aimed to project influence and power on the African continent. It analyses the ways that SA projected influence through its foreign polices at the international and multilateral levels as well as the ways it used its military in support of its foreign policy goals. Case studies in this regard which are discussed include its involvement in Burundi, Darfur, Sudan, Libya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic and South Sudan. It is concluded that South Africa remained committed to its foreign policy goals but struggled to influence international and multilateral institutions to become involved or support these goals. Lastly, it concludes that South Africa’s aim to project power in Africa was unsuccessful. Therefore, South Africa could no longer be seen as middlepower but rather as an ever-weakening State.

Expanded Cultural Heritage Representation

2017 ◽  
pp. 256-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Meschini ◽  
Daniele Rossi ◽  
Enrica Petrucci ◽  
Filippo Sicuranza
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Augmented Virtuality ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate some of the opportunities offered by technological innovations, in particular referring the specific application areas of Augmented Reality and Augmented Virtuality. The contribution presents a series of applications based on effective tests of innovative communication, which are characterized by different levels of interactivity and immersion. The general subject of interest is the city of Ascoli Piceno considering both the city as a whole and particular places/buildings of value (case studies). The central aim is to construct an informational/educational approach to real objects in innovative terms, experimenting each time with the most useful ‘container' (communicational product) to enable the best knowledge of a determined heritage.

scholarly journals Construction, Detection, and Interpretation of Crime Patterns over Space and Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Zengli Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Crime Patterns ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Different Levels

Empirical studies have focused on investigating the interactive relationships between crime pairs. However, many other types of crime patterns have not been extensively investigated. In this paper, we introduce three basic crime patterns in four combinations. Based on graph theory, the subgraphs for each pattern were constructed and analyzed using criminology theories. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to examine the significance of these patterns. Crime patterns were statistically significant and generated different levels of crime risk. Compared to the classical patterns, combined patterns create much higher risk levels. Among these patterns, “co-occurrence, repeat, and shift” generated the highest level of crime risk, while “repeat” generated much lower levels of crime risk. “Co-occurrence and shift” and “repeat and shift” showed undulated risk levels, while others showed a continuous decrease. These results outline the importance of proposed crime patterns and call for differentiated crime prevention strategies. This method can be extended to other research areas that use point events as research objects.

The Call for Transformational Governance in the Knowledge Economy

2009 ◽  
pp. 271-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Yeo ◽  
Eileen Trauth
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Increasingly, regions are developing initiatives towards building a knowledge economy. This change is also bringing about a transition from more static forms of information technology (IT) work to more dynamic forms of knowledge work. It follows that knowledge industries will involve more multifaceted forms of collaboration among workers and organizations using IT. In view of the complexities in knowledge work, this chapter develops an argument for a transformational approach to governance, whereby policymakers create mechanisms to continuously evaluate local social contexts so as to continuously adapt policies to unique local conditions. This argument is based on the results of three markedly different case studies of knowledge economies: San Joaquin Valley, California; Ennis, Ireland; and Singapore. These data are used to show how local and unique social conditions influence the sustainability of a knowledge economy. Given the unique characteristics of local contexts, a transformational approach represents one useful approach to governance.

Global Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Domínguez ◽  
Rafael Velázquez Flores
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Multiple Actors

The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on global governance, key elements for understanding its conceptualization, and a gateway to capture its multidimensionality. From this perspective, global governance is conceived as a framework of analysis or intellectual device to study the complexity of global processes involving multiple actors that interact at different levels of interest aggregation. The article is divided into four parts. The first section describes the origins, definitions, and characteristics of global governance. The second categorizes global governance based on different thematic areas where there is a confluence of governance practices, on the one hand, and the inclusion of a global level of interaction, on the other. The third discusses the different conceptual inquiries and innovations that have been developed around the term. Finally, the last part maps the different academic institutions that have focused their research on global governance and offer programs on this subject.

scholarly journals Understanding Computational Methods for Solar Envelopes Based on Design Parameters, Tools, and Case Studies: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miktha Farid Alkadri ◽  
Francesco De Luca ◽  
Michela Turrin ◽  
Sevil Sariyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Urban Heat

The increasing population density in urban areas simultaneously impacts the trend of energy consumption in building sectors and the urban heat island (UHI) effects of urban infrastructure. Accordingly, passive design strategies to create sustainable buildings play a major role in addressing these issues, while solar envelopes prove to be a relevant concept that specifically considers the environmental performance aspects of a proposed building given their local contexts. As significant advances have been made over the past decades regarding the development and implementation of computational solar envelopes, this study presents a comprehensive review of solar envelopes while specifically taking into account design parameters, digital tools, and the implementation of case studies in various contextual settings. This extensive review is conducted in several stages. First, an investigation of the scope and procedural steps of the review is conducted to frame the boundary of the topic to be analyzed within the conceptual framework of solar envelopes. Second, comparative analyses between categorized design methods in parallel with a database of design parameters are conducted, followed by an in-depth discussion of the criteria for the digital tools and case studies extracted from the selected references. Third, knowledge gaps are identified, and the future development of solar envelopes is discussed to complete the review. This study ultimately provides an inclusive understanding for designers and architects regarding the progressive methods of the development of solar envelopes during the conceptual design stage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document