Fortunetellers and Sorcerers in the Service of a Russian Aristocrat of the Eighteenth Century: The Case of Chamberlain Petr Saltykov

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
Elena B. Smilianskaia
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
The Masses

The case of Petr Saltykov, which stretched on between 1758 and 1765, with a surprising coda in 1796, is noteworthy in many respects. The material collected in connection with Saltykov’s crime is useful for an investigation into magic belief as such, offering parallels and supplementary information to the dozens of “magic trials” of the 18th century. However, what makes the Saltykov case unique is how the chancellor’s “superstition” managed so compellingly to bring together two cultures – traditional folk culture and the “Europeanized” culture of the imperial court. The case of Saltykov’s “sorcery” brought the diametrically opposed cultures of the court elite and the masses into confrontation. But even opposites can come together. As it turned out, the magic beliefs of the masses and medical practices of archaic traditional culture continued to attract adherents at court, getting along just fine in a high-culture, “Europeanized” environment. The chasm that lay between the culture of the aristocratic court elite and popular culture in the 18th century was not unbridgeable, although possible intersections of these two cultures sometimes took on rather strange configurations.

Between High Culture and Low Culture; and also The Difference Between Popular Culture and Folk Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kunal Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Common People ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Culture

High culture is a collection of ideologies, beliefs, thoughts, trends, practices and works-- intellectual or creative-- that is intended for refined, cultured and educated elite people. Low culture is the culture of the common people and the mass. Popular culture is something that is always, most importantly, related to everyday average people and their experiences of the world; it is urban, changing and consumeristic in nature. Folk culture is the culture of preindustrial (premarket, precommodity) communities.

scholarly journals Los destinos cruzados de la imposibilidad. Perspectivas de género en torno al Museo del Pueblo Español en compañía de Carmen Baroja y Nessi = The Crossed Destinies of Impossibility. Gendered Perspectives on the Museum of the Spanish People in the Company of Carmen Baroja y Nessi

2020 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Rafael Sánchez-Mateos Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Women Professionals ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
The World ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Estudios Culturales

Los museos y archivos de cultura tradicional popular conciernen intensamente a la memoria material de los trabajos reproductivos que sostienen la vida realizados por mujeres, pero también a los lazos intelectuales y profesionales que muchas de ellas, con relativa frecuencia, establecieron con el campo de la etnología y la etnografía y sus instituciones. En el marco de los estudios culturales, este artículo explora estos museos considerados menores, invisibles o irrelevantes para el presente, a menudo almacenados, dispersos y subalternizados, sino desaparecidos. Específicamente, se analiza el caso del malogrado Museo del Pueblo Español (1934-1993) y el papel que en él desempeñaron distintas mujeres, en especial Carmen Baroja y Nessi (1883-1950). Sus memorias autobiográficas invitan a explorar cómo una experiencia de modernidad y feminista puede vincularse a una sensibilidad interclasista en torno a la cultura popular tradicional de manera no esencialista o identitaria, sino material y vital. Un enfoque que puede ser inspirador a la hora de pensar alternativas al orden androcéntrico del mundo, útiles en el trabajo de imaginar, no solo un museo feminista, sino también una nueva sociedad. AbstractFolk museums and the archives of traditional culture are intensely related not only to the material memory of the reproductive and life-sustaining work carried out by women, but to the intellectual and professional links that many women quite often established both with ethnology and ethnography, and their respective institutions. Within the framework of cultural studies, this article addresses these minor and ‘ghost’ museums of folk culture, those either considered irrelevant to the present, or otherwise hidden away, dispersed, subalternized, and, ultimately, disappeared. Specifically, this study focuses on the case of the Museum of The Spanish People (1934-1993) and the women professionals who played a direct role in its curation, with special attention placed on the figure of Carmen Baroja y Nessi (1883-1950). Her autobiographical memoirs invite us to explore the question of how a modern and feminist experience can be linked to an interclassist sensitivity for traditional popular culture that is neither essentialist nor identity-based, but, rather, material and vitalistic: an approach which could inspire us to think of alternatives to the androcentric order of the world, and which remains useful for the work of imagining, not only a feminist museum, but a new society as well.

scholarly journals The Counter-Hegemonic Virtues of Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century England

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Dragoș Ivana
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Valid Method ◽  
Porous Boundaries

Abstract The purpose of this article is to re-examine popular culture in early-modern England by focusing on the oral/illiterate-written/literate and popular culture-high culture dyads. I aim to question why these interrelated socio-cultural categories have not been properly reconciled by the writers of the time. Moreover, my purpose is to focus on antiquarianism as a valid method whereby the delineation between the above-mentioned dichotomies turns into a subtle relationship in which both terms become complementary. I shall focus on two important antiquarian texts - Henry Bourne’s Antiquitates Vulgares (1725) and John Brand’s Observations on Popular Antiquities (1777) - by considering issues of religion and national identity, in an attempt to show that popular culture made known its counter-hegemonic virtues which, though permanently negotiated, were never rejected by the polite. Ultimately, the unstable relationship between the high and the low will be seen as suggestive of the porous boundaries between the two, indicating, at the same time, popular culture’s participatory role in rethinking cultural identity in Enlightenment England.

scholarly journals Echoes of Medieval and Pre-Modern Animal Trials in the Interlude Declamatio sub forma iudicii (1735)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna Czarnowus
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Animal Trial

Declamatio sub forma judicii can be found in the Graudenz Codex (1731–1740). It is an interlude that jokingly reports an animal trial. The interlude is a humorous treatment of the historical trials on animals that continued from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century. Onthe one hand, such eighteenth-century discussions of animal trials continued the medieval tradition. This would confirm the diagnosis about the existence of the “long Middle Ages”, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, where the cultural trends could be somehow belated in comparison to those in the West. On the other hand, perhaps writing about animal trials in the eighteenth century was already a form of medievalism. High culture propagated anthropocentrism in its thinking about animals, while folk culture entailed anthropomorphism. In animal trials animals are treated as subjects to the same regulations as humans, which means that they were seen as very much similar to humans. The eighteenth-century interlude recreates this tradition, but it is a source of satirical laughter.

scholarly journals A Research on the Relationship between Preferred Music Type and Entrepreneurship Tendency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyzullah Eroğlu ◽  
Esvet Mert
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Senior Students

Cultural systems are grouped into high culture, folk culture and popular culture. High cultural, scientific, philosophical, aesthetic information, etc. Folk culture is based on folklore information from the past day. Popular culture represents the degraded and dissolved state of traditional cultures, various subculture areas, which have failed after modernization efforts. The aim of the study is to reveal the influence of young musical genres on the entrepreneurial tendencies. The first method used in the research is the questionnaire survey for senior students studying in the university business and economics. According to the survey data, questionnaires were distributed out of a total of 350 students, only to the evaluation of the survey of 311 eligible. The most important findings of the research can be summarized as follows. While 6,1% of the "youth of higher education" who participated in the survey preferred "high culture product" music; 10,6% were "folk culture products" music; and 83,3% preferred "popular culture product" music. The "entrepreneurship tendencies", which are the main aim of the subjects of "education for young people" receiving basic courses in economics and business administration, were found to be 131,5 (Min 36, Max.180). According to the research findings, in the direction of the basic assumption of the study, "entrepreneurial tendencies" of students who prefer music, which is a high cultural product, are higher than others. The sort of "entrepreneurial tendencies" is followed by popular genres and popular music genres.

TYPES OF HEDONISM ON THE MAIN CHARACTER SIR WALTER ELLIOT IN THE NOVEL PERSUASION BY JANE AUSTEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Enggin Valufi ◽  
Retno Budi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Jane Austen ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Hedonism is a view of life in philosophy that seeks to avoid pain and make pleasure as the main goal in life. People who embrace hedonism tend to over-pursue pleasure. The hedonism lifestyle is mostly carried out by 18th century people especially the nobles who live in high culture. They are as close to hedonism as they are in the Persuasion novel by Jane Austen. Sir Walter Elliot the main character is a nobleman who did a lot of hedonism. Hedonism which is seen as too glorifying personal pleasure to ignore others. The purpose of this study was to find out the types of hedonism done by Sir Walter Elliot in Persuasion. This research uses descriptive qualitative method because all data are in the form of sentences. The researcher uses a philosophical approach and analyzes data using Weijers' theory as the main theory. The results of this study found that Sir Walter Elliot performed two types of hedonism, namely aesthetic hedonism and selfish hedonism.

Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 32

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Jewish Music ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Jewish Involvement

With its five thematic sections covering genres from cantorial to classical to klezmer, this pioneering multi-disciplinary volume presents rich coverage of the work of musicians of Jewish origin in the Polish lands. It opens with the musical consequences of developments in Jewish religious practice: the spread of hasidism in the eighteenth century meant that popular melodies replaced traditional cantorial music, while the greater acculturation of Jews in the nineteenth century brought with it synagogue choirs. Jewish involvement in popular culture included performances for the wider public, Yiddish songs and the Yiddish theatre, and contributions of many different sorts in the interwar years. Chapters on the classical music scene cover Jewish musical institutions, organizations, and education; individual composers and musicians; and a consideration of music and Jewish national identity. One section is devoted to the Holocaust as reflected in Jewish music, and the final section deals with the afterlife of Jewish musical creativity in Poland, particularly the resurgence of interest in klezmer music. The chapters do not attempt to define what may well be undefinable—what “Jewish music” is. Rather, they provide an original and much-needed exploration of the activities and creativity of “musicians of the Jewish faith.“

The Folk Fight Back: Protesting the Cancellation of Don Messer’s Jubilee in 1969

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Generation Gap ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Television History ◽  
Canadian Nationalism ◽  
The 1960S

This article examines part of the reaction to the 1969 cancellation of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s (cbc) television’s Don Messer’s Jubilee, one of the most popular Canadian-produced programs of the era. In addition to an exploration of television history and popular culture, it is also a look at the neglected topic of “square” Canada in the 1960s. Messer began fiddling at dances in rural New Brunswick in the 1920s and moved to radio and recording prior to becoming an unlikely national television star by 1961. After exploring possible classifications of the show’s music, the article explores themes in protest letters and petitions sent to the cbc. These included Canadian nationalism in opposition to American mass culture, Canadian folk culture, cbc elitism, Maritime regionalism, nostalgia, and the related themes of the generation gap and permissive society. The article concludes that fans viewed Messer as a custodian of Canadian folk culture that was being erased by the national broadcaster at a time of heightened nationalism.

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