WINE-MAKING AFTER PLINY: VITICULTURE AND FARMING TECHNOLOGY IN LATE ANTIQUE ITALY

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Wine Trade

This article uses a range of archaeological and literary evidence to reconstruct the state of wine-making technology and the organization of the wine trade in late antique Italy. Continuity of commercial wine production in many regions of Italy and continuing trade in Italian wines both inside and outside Italy is clear up to the Lombard invasions. Technological continuity with the earlier Roman period is strong, with horizontal lever presses, using stone weights, remaining in common use. There is little evidence for technological innovation during this period. Vertical and direct screw presses, which become common in the East at this time, are rarely found at farms in late antique Italy.

WATER INTO WINE: TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY IN LATE ANTIQUITY

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-92
Author(s):  
Michael Decker
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Capital Outlay ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Wine Trade

Wine production in the late antique Levant depended on the existence of large internal and overseas markets. Estate owners and farmers reacted to the flourishing late antique wine market by investing heavily in the land. This input included the widespread adoption of, hitherto under-utilised, more efficient wine presses. Accompanying the use of the screw press in wine production was the simultaneous spread of the saqiya. This technology required significant capital outlay and a deep pool of technically skilled craftsmen. The phenomenon thus provides a glimpse of the pace of technological development at least partly driven by market conditions and the spread of technology in the countryside.

Rekonstruktion des Ursprungs und Neudatierung zweier magischer Gemmen mit Hilfe einer Zauberzeichensequenz

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Kirsten Dzwiza
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Findings ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
First Time

SummaryThere are only a few sequences of ancient magic signs known to us today that have been preserved on multiple artefacts. A previously unnoticed sequence of 17 signs on a gem in the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna occurs with minor but significant variations on two other gems in the State Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich. The Viennese gem is dated to the 16th century and is documented as a drawing in a 17th century publication. The first Munich gem has been assigned to the Graeco-Roman period. The second gem, which, according to the inventory card of the museum, also belongs to the Graeco-Roman period, is published here for the first time. A comparative study of the three gems and the drawing has lead to a number of new findings, including the re-dating of the Munich gems.

scholarly journals Thracian

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-817
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Eastern Europe

Thracian belongs to the group of languages spoken over the entire period of Antiquity in the areas of south-eastern Europe (mostly the Balkans) and which, like other vernaculars spoken in this and neighbouring areas, had died out by the end of the Roman period leaving but scanty evidence. This chapter provides an introduction into the state of our current knowledge about the Thracian language and epigraphy and the perspectives of research of this language. Since our comprehension and understanding of grammatical system of Thracian is limited, the current knowledge of the language makes any translation of attested inscriptions impossible. It is however expected that the progress in studying development and history of the Greek script may provide us with new and relevant data for interpretation of Thracian.

scholarly journals A Historical Overview of Protected Agriculture in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico: Implications for Improving Rural Prosperity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Luis Flores ◽  
M. Craig Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Societal Problems

Economic development is an important phenomenon that can positively impact societal problems such as poverty, lack of education, and insufficient infrastructure, among other ills. In this regard, technological advances are essential to making better use of resources. The agricultural sector is no exception. With the passage of time, advances in agriculture have allowed processes to be optimized, improving production practices and minimizing risks, by using innovative technologies (Schenkel, Finley, & Chumney, 2012). For this reason, the adoption and use of approaches to protected agricultural production grew steadily in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico during the last century and until today. Such technology assisted significantly in the economic development of the region. This inquiry sought to understand factors and forces that augmented expansion of protected agriculture, especially regarding tomato production, and its advantages compared to traditional systems, as experienced by producers in Sinaloa. Understanding such a phenomenon may provide important implications for improving the economies of similar contexts in need of economic development where agriculture is a viable sector. Keywords: economic development; protected agriculture; Sinaloa tomato industry; technological innovation

RESEARCH OF THE RED GRAPES WHICH ARE GROWN UP IN THE SAMARA REGION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE WINEMAKING MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.А. ЧАЛДАЕВ ◽  
Е.Н. ФЕДОРОВА ◽  
А.Г. КАШАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Color Characteristic ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Изучена возможность использования для производства винодельческой продукции винограда, выращиваемого в Самарской области. Исследованы два технических сорта красного винограда урожаев 2015–2016 гг. – Ливадийский черный и Мерло. Качество винограда соответствовало требованиям ГОСТ 31782–2012. Переработку винограда по красному способу вели в полупромышленных условиях. Брожение проводили на мезге с плавающей шапкой. Для сбраживания виноградной мезги использовали сухие французские винные дрожжи Sainte Georges S101. Температура бродящей мезги не превышала 28–30°С. Дображивание полученных виноматериалов и последующую их выдержку осуществляли при температуре (14 ± 1)°С. В результате получены сухие столовые виноматериалы. Показатели качества полученных виноматериалов удовлетворяют требованиям ГОСТ 32030–2013 по всем основным физико-химическим показателям качества и характеризуются достаточно высоким содержанием фенольных веществ. Виноматериалы имели насыщенный рубиновый цвет, характерные сортовые вкус и аромат. Полученные результаты подтверждают целесообразность проведения дальнейших исследований в области обоснования и разработки технологий получения винодельческой продукции в Самарском регионе. The possibility of use for production of wine-making production of the grapes which are grown up in the Samara region is studied. Two technical grades of red grapes of harvests of 2015–2016 Livadia black and Merlots are investigated. The quality of the grapes meets the requirements of GOST 31782–2012. Grapes processed by red method in semi-conditions. Fermentation was carried out on pulp with a floating cap. Dry wine yeast “Sainte Georges S101” (Fermentis, France) were used for fermentation of grape pulp. The temperature of the fermenting pulp did not exceed 28–30°C. After-fermentation of the received wine materials and the subsequent their endurance was carried out at a temperature of (14 ± 1)°C. Dry table wine materials are as a result received. The resulting wine materials meet the requirements of GOST 32030–2013 in all basic physical and chemical indicators of quality and characterized by a rather high content of phenolic substances. Wine materials had a rich ruby color, characteristic varietal taste and aroma. These results confirm the usefulness of further research in the field of study and the development of technologies for the production of wine production in the Samara region.

THE CONTROL REGAINING OVER THE DANUBE PROVINCES AS DESCRIBED BY CLAUDIANUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Eduard E. Meyer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Claudius Claudianus ◽  
Poetic Work

The paper analyzes the poetic work of a late antique court poet from Western Roman Empire Claudius Claudianus. The key verbal construc - tions describing the situation on the Lower-Danube region after the Goths have settled are identified. The analysis of the Claudianus’ discourse shows the state of alarm of the Honorius court looked at the Balkan region. The high officials of Western Empire sought to establish Roman authority over the Danube region, regardless of whether the Eastern or Western court would rule there. Claudianus conveys to the readers that desire to see those lands under Roman rule. The study of contexts in which the Danube is men- tioned by Claudianus allows to assume that in the official discourse at court of the Western Emperor Honorius the Lower-Danube lands were pronounced pacified. They were beginning to recover from the destruction of the past wars, although still being perceived as a hotbed of instability. It was supposed that after Theodosius I first concluded the Treaty with the Goths in 382, and then Alaric and his people left Thrace in 395, the Danubian lands returned to Roman rule regardless whether the Roman institutes of power there functioned or not.

Scarab Amulet-Beads from 1st–2nd Century Children’s Burials at a Necropolis on the Iluraton Plateau, Eastern Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
M. O. Tarasenko ◽  
Z. V. Khanutina
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
History Of

We describe a group of Egyptian faience scarabs unearthed from the necropolis on the Iluraton Plateau, Eastern Crimea, by the expedition from the State Museum of the History of Religion (St. Petersburg) in 1987–1990. Artifacts made of so-called Egyptian faience were found in eight of the sixty-two burials—those of g irls aged below 1.5, dating to the 1st to early 2nd centuries AD. The most numerous among the faience items were beads in the form of scarabs. The analysis shows them to fall into three groups in terms of presence and nature of images on the reverse side: those without images (3 spec.), those with abstract images (3 spec.), and those with anthropo-zoomorphic images (2 spec.). In two cases, representations point to specifi c Egyptian workshops. Scarabs in girls’ burials of the Roman period elaborate on the thanatological imagery, which originated among the Scythian-Saka tribes of Eurasia in the mid-1st millennium BC.

Livestock plagues in late antiquity, with a disassembling of the bovine panzootic of A.D. 376-386

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 490-508
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Newfield
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Livestock Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Roman Period ◽  
Material Evidence

The history of late-antique animal plagues requires a fresh start. Over the last 30 years, scholars have amassed copious quantities of written and material evidence for major shifts in the natural world experienced, or reported, as disasters in late antiquity. They have read textual passages more critically and interwoven written with physical data more meticulously than researchers before them. As a result, much more is known now about human plagues, climatic downturns and tectonic perturbations in the Late Roman period. Yet knowledge of late-antique livestock disease remains pretty much where animal health specialists left it in the 18th and 19th c. There are, to be sure, histories of late-antique animal plagues, but they are long out of date, unreliable and altogether of poor quality.

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