On the Presentation of Christianity in the Qurʾān and the Many Aspects of Qur’anic Rhetoric

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Said Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Many

Many important western works on the Qurʾān are focused on the question of religious influences. The prototypical work of this genre is concerned with Judaism and the Qurʾān: Abraham’s Geiger’s 1833 Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen, or “What Did Muhammad Acquire from Judaism?” In Geiger’s work – and the works of many who followed him – material in the Qurʾān is compared to similar material in Jewish or Christian literature in the hope of arriving at a better understanding of the Qurʾān’s origins. In the present article I argue that these sorts of studies often include a simplistic perspective on Qur’anic rhetoric. In order to pursue this argument I focus on a common feature of these works, namely a comparison between material in the Qurʾān on Christ and Christianity with reports on the teachings of Christian heretical groups. Behind this feature is a conviction that heretical Christian groups existed in the Arabian peninsula at the time of Islam’s origins and that these groups influenced the Prophet. I will argue that once the Qurʾān’s creative use of rhetorical strategies such as hyperbole is appreciated, the need to search for Christian heretics disappears entirely.

»Die Natur braucht keine Namen«

Rhetorik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Julia Enzinger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Human History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Abstract The present article investigates the literary representation of biographical and geological coherence in Max Frisch’s narrative Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän (1979), a story about a pensioner suffering from dementia, who has to cope with both the erosion of his memory as well as the geological erosion in the Swiss Alps. On the basis of Hayden White’s tropics of discourse and Stephen Jay Gould’s study on Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time, the rhetorical strategies being used by Frisch are examined in order to articulate the tension between human history and the history of nature and earth. Focusing on the two main tropes in the text, synecdoche and irony, the analysis will show how the text tries to escape forms of anthropomorphism – especially by generating a ›transhuman‹ perspective – but ultimately confesses its failure to do so. Holozän thus can be seen as an ironical (self-)reflection on the limits of rhetoric and language in terms of depicting non-human history.

Legislative Approaches towards Human Trafficking in Pre- versus Post-Islamic Revolution Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-447
Author(s):  
Zahra Fehresti
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Present Article ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Penal Codes ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Many ◽  
International Phenomenon

AbstractHuman trafficking, in particular the trafficking of women and children, is considered a syndicated international phenomenon, and numerous international agreements have consequently been signed to combat the crime. Iran is one of the many countries that passed legislated laws to battle this evil industry. In the present article, the author examines and compares Iran's legislative approaches towards human trafficking before and after the Islamic Revolution. The Iranian legislation combating human trafficking generally suffers from some serious shortcomings; particularly, the inconsistency regarding this issue between the civil and the Islamic Penal Codes and Iran's Constitution is its most prominent weakness.

LYKOPHRON AND EPIGRAPHY: THE VALUE AND FUNCTION OF CULT EPITHETS IN THEALEXANDRA

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hornblower
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Religion ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

The subject of this paper is a striking and unavoidable feature of theAlexandra: Lykophron's habit of referring to single gods not by their usual names, but by multiple lists of epithets piled up in asyndeton. This phenomenon first occurs early in the 1474-line poem, and this occurrence will serve as an illustration. At 152–3, Demeter has five descriptors in a row: Ἐνναία ποτὲ | Ἕρκυνν' Ἐρινὺς Θουρία Ξιφηφόρος, ‘Ennaian … Herkynna, Erinys, Thouria, Sword-bearing’. In the footnote I give the probable explanations of these epithets. Although in this sample the explanations to most of the epithets are not to be found in inscriptions, my main aim in what follows will be to emphasize the relevance of epigraphy to the unravelling of some of the famous obscurity of Lykophron. In this paper, I ask why the poet accumulates divine epithets in this special way. I also ask whether the information provided by the ancient scholiasts, about the local origin of the epithets, is of good quality and of value to the historian of religion. This will mean checking some of that information against the evidence of inscriptions, beginning with Linear B. It will be argued that it stands up very well to such a check. TheAlexandrahas enjoyed remarkable recent vogue, but this attention has come mainly from the literary side. Historians, in particular historians of religion, and students of myths relating to colonial identity, have been much less ready to exploit the intricate detail of the poem, although it has so much to offer in these respects. The present article is, then, intended primarily as a contribution to the elucidation of a difficult literary text, and to the history of ancient Greek religion. Despite the article's main title, there will, as the subtitle is intended to make clear, be no attempt to gather and assess all the many passages in Lykophron to which inscriptions are relevant. There will, for example, be no discussion of 1141–74 and the early Hellenistic ‘Lokrian Maidens inscription’ (IG9.12706); or of the light thrown on 599 by the inscribed potsherds carrying dedications to Diomedes, recently found on the tiny island of Palagruza in the Adriatic, and beginning as early as the fifth centuryb.c.(SEG48.692bis–694); or of 733–4 and their relation to the fifth-centuryb.c.Athenian decree (n. 127) mentioning Diotimos, the general who founded a torch race at Naples, according to Lykophron; or of 570–85 and the epigraphically attested Archegesion or cult building of Anios on Delos, which shows that this strange founder king with three magical daughters was a figure of historical cult as well as of myth.

»Die Natur braucht keine Namen«

Rhetorik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Julia Enzinger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Human History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Abstract The present article investigates the literary representation of biographical and geological coherence in Max Frisch’s narrative Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän (1979), a story about a pensioner suffering from dementia, who has to cope with both the erosion of his memory as well as the geological erosion in the Swiss Alps. On the basis of Hayden White’s tropics of discourse and Stephen Jay Gould’s study on Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time, the rhetorical strategies being used by Frisch are examined in order to articulate the tension between human history and the history of nature and earth. Focusing on the two main tropes in the text, synecdoche and irony, the analysis will show how the text tries to escape forms of anthropomorphism – especially by generating a ›transhuman‹ perspective – but ultimately confesses its failure to do so. Holozän thus can be seen as an ironical (self-)reflection on the limits of rhetoric and language in terms of depicting non-human history.

Remarks on Salkie and Reed's (1997) ‘pragmatic hypothesis’ of tense in reported speech

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaat Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Many

Salkie & Reed (1997) offer a ‘pragmatic hypothesis’ of tense in reported speech which runs counter to Jespersen's & Comrie's quotative or ‘sequence of tenses’ analysis as well as to the more semantically based analysis proposed by Declerck (1990b, 1991a). In doing so they also cast doubt on the model of the English tense system which was proposed by Declerck (1991a) and has since been further refined and elaborated in a number of articles and in Declerck (1997).The present article goes into the many arguments that S&R advance, refutes them, and adduces additional evidence for D's theory and against S&R's ‘pragmatic hypothesis’.

scholarly journals Commitment: The term and the notions

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe De Brabanter ◽  
Patrick Dendale
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Formal Modelling ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Separate Entry

This volume brings together thoroughly reworked versions of a selection of papers presented at the conference The Notion of Commitment in Linguistics, held at the University of Antwerp in January 2007. It is the companion volume to a collection of essays in French to be published in Langue Française and devoted to La notion de prise en charge. Commitment is a close counterpart toprise en charge, and two contributors, Celle and Lansari, use it essentially as a translation of the French term. However, commitment and its verbal cognates (to commit NP to and to be committed to) do not cover the exact same range of meanings as prise en charge. For a thorough assessment of the French term, we refer readers to the introduction to the Langue Française volume. In the present article, we focus entirely on commitment. The term is widely used in at least three major areas of linguistic enquiry:1 studies on illocutionary acts, studies on modality and evidentiality, and the formal modelling of dialogue/argumentation. In spite of its frequent use, the notion has rarely been theorised and has never been the subject of a monograph or a specialised reader. In keeping with this is the fact that none of the many dictionaries and encyclopaedias of linguistics or philosophy that we have consulted devotes a separate entry to it. Section 1 of this introduction briefly reviews what commitment means in the three fields just mentioned. Now and then, with respect to a particular issue, pointers are given to which articles in this collection have something to say about the issue. In section 2, we take a lexical and syntactic look at the ways in which the contributors to the present volume use the term. In section 3, we outline each of the contributions, with a focus on the role that commitment plays in them.

Gospel as News: ευαγγελ- from Aristophanes to the Apostle Paul

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN P. DICKSON
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Literature

Against the contentions of a number of NT scholars, the present article aims to demonstrate that the apostle Paul's gospel language never refers to ongoing Christian instruction and only ever connotes announcements which are news to those who hear them. This conclusion, which is maintained even in connection with Rom 1.15, a key text for the ‘broad-ranging’ view of ευαγγελ-, is shown to conform to the wholly consistent usage of gospel terminology throughout Graeco-Roman, Jewish and early Christian literature: ‘gospel’ is news.

scholarly journals „Związać mocarza”: starcie Jezusa i Belzebuba. Starożytna egzegeza Mt 12, 29 oraz tekstów paralelnych

Vox Patrum ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bastit-Kalinowska
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The One

Although Peter seems to echo the opinion commonly held when he says that Jesus „went about doing good” (Act 10, 38), Jesus was accused of „casting out demons by Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons” (Mt 12, 24). In answer, he pro­poses a very short parable, the one of the „Strong one” tied up to seize his goods (Mt 12, 29). The present article studies the influence of this verse in the early Christian literature. The victory of the Saviour over evil is interpreted as the result of a cosmic fight (Origen) or as the merciful redemption of the human being and his restoration and vivification by the Holy Spirit (Irenaeus).

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC REVIEW ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HRIDROGA WITH THE SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 2719-2724
Author(s):  
Deepti Sharma ◽  
Udai Raj Saroj ◽  
Abhishek Upadhyay ◽  
Binod Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
The Many

According to AcharyaSushruta, in the presence of the Etiological factors the dosha get vitiated and provoked all the three Doshas spread out of their place and vitiate the RasaDhatu in the heart. Vitiate Rasa Dhatu (body lymph /chyle) manifestation of various types of pain is being produced, which is called ‘Hridbadha’ or Hridroga. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of global death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. Aim and objectives-Diagnosis and treatment of Hridroga through Ayurveda and its modern correlation.Mode ofAction of Hridyadrugs promoting heart’s health.Improper diet (excessive intake of Kshar, Lavana Rasa, Virudahbhojana) and Vegadharna, Chinta,Krodhaetc. are few among the many causes of Hridroga. In understanding symptomology of cardiovasculardisorder, it should be noted thatVaivarnya (Panduta /Shweta/Shyava) can be correlated to pallor and cyanosis, Murcchato Syncope, Kasato cough with or without Hemoptysis, Shwasato breathlessness or dyspnea, Ruja to Chest pain or discomfort. Drugs used in various formulations in Hridrogahaveproperties like Pachana, Deepana, Hridya, Anulomana,Rasayana and Krimihara.So, in present article an effort has been made to explain the heart disease and its management through Ayurveda as well as modern medicine.

scholarly journals Syv Beowulf-anmeldere

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Andreas Haarder
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Old English ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Monthly Review ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Complete Dependence

Seven Beowulf-ReviewersBy Andreas Haar der.Beowulf has been received twice. First by an audience of Anglo-Saxons who must have commented on what they heard in various ways; secondly when Thorkelin’s edition appeared ( 181 5 ) to attract the attention of seven reviewers, none of them familiar with Old English, all of them obliged to approach the poem through a less than satisfactory version of it.The seven reviews analysed in the present article betray varying standards of critical ability. The contribution by Pem (Dansk Litteratur-Tidende 181 5 ) contains several sound critical comments. But although he touches upon the question of bipartition, and, like Grundtvig, compares the poem with Eddaic poetry, his concern is with the problem of origins, not with literary evaluation (I).Taylor (The Monthly Review 1816) is sympathetic towards the poem, but otherwise rather incompetent (II). Pia (Jenaische Literatur-Zeitung 18 16), who is a much more scholarly reviewer, criticizes Thorkelin on various points, and takes issue with him also on the question of genre. The poem can not be ranked as an epic. It lacks epic unity, Pia argues, because it deals with the whole life of the hero, and it lacks a proper epic theme. Monster-fights should be relegated to a different world (m ) .Outzen (Kieler Blätter 1816 ) points to the advanced cultural stage where the poem, perhaps written to educate a young prince, rightly belongs. The greatness claimed for the poem remains a postulate, however. The article is not a review proper, but a patriotic attempt to locate everything in Outzen’s “Vaterland” (IV).Gumælius (Iduna 181 7 ), who is unable to improve sufficiently upon the poem as presented by Thorkelin, suggests that it was spoilt by a Christian redactor (V).Like Gumælius the reviewer in GgA (Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen 1818 ) does not rate the aesthetic value of the poem highly. But he admits to his own complete dependence on Thorkelin’s Latin translation and shows some awareness of the limits imposed upon him as a critic (VI).Grundtvig (Nyeste Skilderie 181 5 ) discusses the many mistakes committed by Thorkelin and left unnoticed by Pem. The review shows him not only as a scholar who was in many cases right but also as a literary critic. The two functions are really interdependent, i. e. he is strongly aware that many of his suggestions make the poem better. A firm belief in the competence of the poet is a stimulus to his work. His evaluation of the poem as a whole is a striking evidence of his early conviction that it is a perfect work of art.Grundtvig’s ability to be an imaginative as well as a scholarly critic places him in a class by himself.

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