Between Ottomans and Gujaratis: D. Diogo de Noronha, the Repositioning of Diu in the Indian Ocean, and the Creation of the Northern Province (1548–1560)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-233
Author(s):  
Nuno Vila-Santa
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

Abstract This article analyzes the role of Diu in the reconfiguration of the Northern Province during the 1550s by focusing on the career of D. Diogo de Noronha, whose role in the consolidation of the Portuguese presence in Diu has received little attention. After defeating the Abyssinian forces of the lord of Diu and seizing over half of the custom house revenue of the city from the Gujarati sultan, Noronha ensured a safer position for Diu and also contributed to the creation of the Northern Province in the late 1550s. What was the true role played by Diu after the difficult sieges of 1538 and 1546, when the Ottoman naval defeat of 1554 renewed the project of expansion to the North? What was the importance of Noronha in that project and how did he influence the spheres of decision in both Asia and Portugal? How did he leverage the struggles within the Gujarati court to achieve his goals? What were the main consequences of his actions for the later development of Diu in the second half of the sixteenth century? These are some of the questions we attempt to answer in this article.

scholarly journals The Role of an Indian Ocean Heating Dipole in the ENSO Teleconnection to the North Atlantic European Region in Early Winter during the Twentieth Century in Reanalysis and CMIP5 Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1060
Author(s):  
Manish K. Joshi ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Abid ◽  
Fred Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Enso Event ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Dipole Response

AbstractIn this study the role of an Indian Ocean heating dipole anomaly in the transition of the North Atlantic–European (NAE) circulation response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from early to late winter is analyzed using a twentieth-century reanalysis and simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). It is shown that in early winter a warm (cold) ENSO event is connected through an atmospheric bridge with positive (negative) rainfall anomalies in the western Indian Ocean and negative (positive) anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean. The early winter heating dipole, forced by a warm (cold) ENSO event, can set up a wave train emanating from the subtropical South Asian jet region that reaches the North Atlantic and leads to a response that spatially projects onto the positive (negative) phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The Indian Ocean heating dipole is partly forced as an atmospheric teleconnection by ENSO, but can also exist independently and is not strongly related to local Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) forcing. The Indian Ocean heating dipole response to ENSO is much weaker in late winter (i.e., February and March) and not able to force significant signals in the North Atlantic region. CMIP5 multimodel ensemble reproduces the early winter Indian Ocean heating dipole response to ENSO and its transition in the North Atlantic region to some extent, but with weaker amplitude. Generally, models that have a strong early winter ENSO response in the subtropical South Asian jet region along with tropical Indian Ocean heating dipole also reproduce the North Atlantic response.

Between Istanbul and Gujarat: Descriptions of Mecca in the Sixteenth-Century Indian Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Burak
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The City

In 1543, a quarter century after the Ottoman conquest of the Holy Cities, the Meccan jurist, hadith scholar, and chronicler Jar Allah Muhammad Ibn Fahd (d. 1547) completed a short work devoted to the construction projects undertaken in the city by the Ottoman sultans Selim I (r. 1512–20) and his son Süleyman (r. 1520–66). The work is highly unusual from the perspective of the Arabic historiographical tradition and constitutes the first comprehensive response by an Arab chronicler to the emergence of an Ottoman imperial architectural idiom around the turn of the sixteenth century. The article situates Ibn Fahd and his work in three interrelated contexts: (a) the incorporation of Mecca and Medina into the Ottoman domains; (b) the emergence of an Ottoman architectural idiom and visual interest in the description of the Holy Sanctuaries across the Indian Ocean, from Istanbul to Gujarat; and (c) the competition between the new Custodians of the Two Holy Sanctuaries and other Islamic rulers, past and present. In particular, the article focuses on the challenges posed by the sultans of Gujarat, who were also quite interested in the Holy Sanctuaries. This interest is captured in Muhyi al-Din Lari’s (d. 1526–27) description of the pilgrimage and the Haramayn, which was written for the Gujarati sultan Muzaffar Shah II (r. 1511–26).


Indian Maritime Historiography: West Coast Merchants in a Globalizing Economy

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Dossal
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
West Coast ◽  
World System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter addresses existing literature concerning the Indian Ocean, and places specific focus on the role of merchants in the maritime economy on India’s West Coast. The essay provides insight into the ways workers contributed to the articulation of the region of India into the modern world system and makes a comment on globalisation and industrialisation in India since the sixteenth century.

scholarly journals Possible Role of the Indian Ocean in the Out-of-Phase Transition of the Australian to Indian Summer Monsoon

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1834-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renguang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sst Anomalies ◽  
Type Of Transition

Abstract The present study investigates processes for out-of-phase transitions from the Australian summer monsoon (ASM) to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Two types of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transitions have been identified, depending on the evolution of the Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The first type of transition is accompanied by a phase switch of ENSO in boreal spring to early summer. In the second type of transition, ENSO maintains its phase through boreal summer. The direct ENSO forcing plays a primary role for the first type of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition, with complementary roles from the north Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that are partly induced by ENSO. The second type of out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition involves air–sea interaction processes in the tropical Indian Ocean that generate the north Indian Ocean SST anomalies and contribute to the monsoon transition. The initiation of tropical Indian Ocean air–sea interaction is closely related to ENSO in observations, but could also occur without ENSO according to a coupled general circulation model simulation. Results of numerical simulations substantiate the role of the Indian Ocean air–sea interaction in the out-of-phase ASM-to-ISM transition.

Arabic Sources on Somalia

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 141-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haji Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Written Sources

In recent years scholars of different nationalities (including Somalis) have devoted much time and effort to acquiring information about the Somali past using different means and through the available sources on the region. However, the Arabic written sources of information on Somalia have long been neglected and remain so. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the need for a more comprehensive reading of Arabic sources, and to show that Arabic sources have much to contribute to knowledge about Somalia. I will try to trace these sources and list them in a chronological manner, starting with the early Arab sources, especially from the period which followed the emergence of Islam on the Arabian peninsula when Islam made its way into the Horn of Africa.Secondly, I will look at sources from medieval Islam in Somalia, when Islam spread from the coastal centers on the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean into the hinterlands of the Horn, the period which marked the struggle between Islam and Christianity. Thirdly, I will look at the period after the collapse of Muslim power in the late sixteenth century, almost two centuries when the Muslims of the Horn (the Somalis) were surrounded by Ethio-Portuguese alliances both to the north and in the Indian Ocean to the south. This period marked a time when the condition of the Somali Muslims became similar to that formerly endured by the Ethiopians, who had been surrounded by Muslims on all sides.

The role of an Indian Ocean heating dipole in the ENSO teleconnection to the North Atlantic in early winter in the 20th century in observations and CMIP5 simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Kucharski ◽  
Manish K. Joshi ◽  
Mohammad Adnan Abid
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic

<p>In this study the role of an Indian Ocean heating dipole anomaly in the transition of the North Atlantic circulation response to ENSO from early to late winter is analysed using 20th century observations and simulations from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). It is shown that in early winter a warm (cold) ENSO even is connected trough an atmospheric bridge with positive (negative) rainfall anomalies in the western and negative (positive) anomalies in the eastern Indian Ocean. The early winter heating dipole teleconnected to a warm (cold) ENSO event can set up a wavetrain emanating from the south Asian subtropical jet region that reaches the North Atlantic and leads to response that spatially projects onto the positive (negative) phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The Indian Ocean heating dipole is partly forced as an atmospheric teleconnection by ENSO, but can also exist independently and is not related to local Indian Ocean SST forcing. The Indian Ocean heating dipole response to ENSO is much weaker in late winter (February and March) and not able to force significant signals in the North Atlantic region. CMIP5 models reproduce the early winter heating dipole reponse to ENSO and the ENSO response transition in the North Atlantic region to some extend, but with weaker amplitude. Generally models that have a strong early winter ENSO heating dipole teleconnection to the Indian Ocean also reproduce the North Atlantic response. If an Indian Ocean vertical velocity dipole index is defined, overall CMIP5 models are able to reproduce the extratropical responses in early winter reasonably well.</p>

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

scholarly journals Research Gap Analysis of Remote Sensing Application in Fisheries: Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Kuo-Wei Yen ◽  
Chia-Hsiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Research Hotspots

Remote sensing (RS) technology, which can facilitate the sustainable management and development of fisheries, is easily accessible and exhibits high performance. It only requires the collection of sufficient information, establishment of databases and input of human and capital resources for analysis. However, many countries are unable to effectively ensure the sustainable development of marine fisheries due to technological limitations. The main challenge is the gap in the conditions for sustainable development between developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study applied the Web of Science database and geographic information systems to analyze the gaps in fisheries science in various countries over the past 10 years. Most studies have been conducted in the offshore marine areas of the northeastern United States of America. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. This study also found that research hotspots of satellite RS applications in fisheries were mainly conducted in (1) the northeastern sea area in the United States, (2) the high seas area of the North Atlantic Ocean, (3) the surrounding sea areas of France, Spain and Portugal, (4) the surrounding areas of the Indian Ocean and (5) the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay sea areas to the north of Taiwan. A comparison of publications examining the three major oceans indicated that the Atlantic Ocean was the most extensively studied in terms of RS applications in fisheries, followed by the Indian Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean was less studied than the aforementioned two regions. In addition, all research hotspots were located in the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a lack of relevant studies from the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean have been the subjects of many local in-depth studies; in the Pacific Ocean, the coastal areas have been abundantly investigated, while offshore local areas have only been sporadically addressed. Collaboration and partnership constitute an efficient approach for transferring skills and technology across countries. For the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030, research networks can be expanded to mitigate the research gaps and improve the sustainability of marine fisheries resources.

scholarly journals Carbon-14 in the Southern Indian Ocean

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette Delibrias
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean

14C measurements were carried out on sea water samples collected in 1973, in the Indian ocean. The results obtained for 9 vertical profiles between 27° S and 48°S are presented. In surface water, the bomb 14C content is maximum at middle latitudes. A time lag relative to the north hemisphere bomb 14C delivery is apparent. In the more southern latitudes, 14C content remains very low.

scholarly journals The Geology of Portuguese Nyasaland

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Robert R. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Portuguese Nyasaland is the name given to the most northern part of Portuguese East Africa, lying between Lake Nyasa and the Indian Ocean. It is separated from the Tanganyika territory in the north by the River Rovuma and from the Portuguese province of Mozambique in the south by the River Lurio. The territory measures about 400 miles from east to west and 200 miles from north to south and has an area of nearly 90,000 square miles. This territory is now perhaps the least known part of the once Dark Continent, but while the writer was actually engaged in the exploration of this country in 1920–1, the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty published two handbooks, the Manual of Portuguese East Africa and the Handbook of Portuguese Nyasaland, which with their extensive bibliographies contained practically everything that was known of that country up to that date (1920). These handbooks make it unnecessary in this paper to give detailed accounts of the work of previous explorers.

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