Area-Based Marine Protection in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Joyce F. Espenilla
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Marine Environmental

The Philippines has had a long history of using marine protected areas (mpas) to achieve fishery and biodiversity conservation goals. mpas are “clearly defined geographical spaces, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.” Within the scope of these definitions, Philippine mpas have taken the form of “no-take” marine sanctuaries, marine reserves where both extractive and non-extractive activities are allowed but regulated, and marine parks and protected seascapes, where various uses are relegated to defined zones. Interestingly, the country was able to develop a unique legal framework that took into consideration both national and local contexts for marine environmental governance. This article thus aims to shed some light on the Philippine experience, emphasizing the various issues and concerns caused by the unique regulatory and governance set up of the country’s mpas.

scholarly journals PROTECTED AREAS OF THE WORLD – REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Protected Natural Area ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The subject of the paper is protected natural areas of the world and their regional differences. According to the IUCN, a protected natural area is “a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values”. States differ in their interpretations of the above definition. Very often, some of the sites that are protected areas in one country may not necessarily be considered protected in another country. In defining and management of protected areas, some countries have adapted their laws to international guidelines, while in other countries the legislation differs significantly from these guidelines. Therefore, the research aims to show regional differences in the identification and management process as well as in the total surface area and abundance of protected natural areas at the world level.

scholarly journals Norwegian Design Principle for High Pressure Tunnels and Shafts: Its Applicability in the Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kanta Panthi
Keyword(s):  
Design Principle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Pressure Tunnels And Shafts ◽  
The Himalaya

Cost effective, safe and long term sustainable hydropower development is key for the lasting economic growth in the Himalayan region. Increasing pressure towards the use of renewal and environmentally friendly energy for industrial growth and daily household use will force the Himalayan region to exploit hydropower energy more extensively. The traditionally used design approach of fully lined underground waterway system is costly and financially unfeasible as well as an obstacle to attract investment in the hydropower sector in the Himalaya. Hence, more innovative solutions are needed to make hydro generated energy more cost effective and as a sustainable energy solution in the long term. This paper briefly describes the geological set-up of Scandinavia, history of Norwegian Hydropower and reviews the design principle used to develop the underground waterway system in Norway. Brief comments are also made on the applicability of these principles in the Himalayan region. It is anticipated that more discussions will be made in the future on the geo-tectonic environment of the Himalaya and suitability of Norwegian design principle in the Himalayan region.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v14i0.11254HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 14, 2014 JanuaryPage: 36-40

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Chemical Spills Using a Spatial Temporal Dynamics Analysis Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Dimca-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of accidents involving chemical spills demands development of not only feasible emergency strategies, but also a consistent framework to protect the environment and prevent accidents. This can be possible only by a sound understanding of the environmental impact of spills and their potential long-term effects. Furthermore, the impact assessment of chemical spills can not be done disregarding the spatial-temporal pattern of previous exposures reciprocally influenced by both chemical and environmental properties. In this context, the thesis proposes a general framework to quantify the cumulative effects of chemical spills at any given point of a certain area based on a “present” history of exposure coupled with chemical and environmental properties designated as relevant to predict possible pictures o f future exposure and estimate in advance potential alarming levels of pollution. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives are set up. The first objective is to develop a four-dimensional model to simulate a single-spill event based on certain assumptions about chemical and soil characteristics. The second objective is to develop an algorithm to assess the cumulative effects of chemical spills on a selected area using the model for a single-spill event while taking into account the effects of those spills of the spatial-temporal zone adjacent to the study area.

scholarly journals Privately Protected Areas: Missing Pieces of the Global Conservation Puzzle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C. Bingham ◽  
James A. Fitzsimons ◽  
Brent A. Mitchell ◽  
Kent H. Redford ◽  
Sue Stolton
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Global Conservation ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Geographical Space ◽  
Do So

Protected areas are an essential component of global conservation efforts. Although extensive information is available on the location of protected areas governed by governments, data on privately protected areas remain elusive at the global level. These are areas governed by private individuals and groups—ranging from families to religious institutions to companies—that meet IUCN's definition of a protected area: a clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. As the world's governments prepare to adopt a new post-2020 global biodiversity framework to guide conservation over the next decade, we argue that, without complete data on privately protected areas, they do so without a vital piece of the puzzle.

Reading Graphic Design History

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Raizman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Design History ◽  
Print Advertising ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Reading Graphic Design History uses a series of key texts from the history of print culture to address issues of class, race, and gender. It encourages the reader to look at print advertising, illustration, posters, magazine art direction, and typography aesthetically but also critically. David Raizman’s innovative approach intentionally challenges the canon of graphic design history and various traditional understandings of graphic design that have privileged certain schools or movements. He re-examines “icons” of graphic design in light of their local contexts, avoiding generalisation to explore underlying attitudes about various social issues. He encourages new ways of reading graphic design that take into account a broader context for graphic design activity, rather than generalisations that discourage the understanding of difference and the means by which graphic design communicates cultural values.

scholarly journals Biofouling protection for marine environmental sensors

Ocean Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Delauney ◽  
C. Compère ◽  
M. Lehaitre
Keyword(s):  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
In Situ Sensors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Marine Environmental

Abstract. These days, many marine autonomous environment monitoring networks are set up in the world. These systems take advantage of existing superstructures such as offshore platforms, lightships, piers, breakwaters or are placed on specially designed buoys or underwater oceanographic structures. These systems commonly use various sensors to measure parameters such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, pH or fluorescence. Emphasis has to be put on the long term quality of measurements, yet sensors may face very short-term biofouling effects. Biofouling can disrupt the quality of the measurements, sometimes in less than a week. Many techniques to prevent biofouling on instrumentation are listed and studied by researchers and manufacturers. Very few of them are implemented on instruments and of those very few have been tested in situ on oceanographic sensors for deployment of at least one or two months. This paper presents a review of techniques used to protect against biofouling of in situ sensors and gives a short list and description of promising techniques.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Chemical Spills Using a Spatial Temporal Dynamics Analysis Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Dimca-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of accidents involving chemical spills demands development of not only feasible emergency strategies, but also a consistent framework to protect the environment and prevent accidents. This can be possible only by a sound understanding of the environmental impact of spills and their potential long-term effects. Furthermore, the impact assessment of chemical spills can not be done disregarding the spatial-temporal pattern of previous exposures reciprocally influenced by both chemical and environmental properties. In this context, the thesis proposes a general framework to quantify the cumulative effects of chemical spills at any given point of a certain area based on a “present” history of exposure coupled with chemical and environmental properties designated as relevant to predict possible pictures o f future exposure and estimate in advance potential alarming levels of pollution. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives are set up. The first objective is to develop a four-dimensional model to simulate a single-spill event based on certain assumptions about chemical and soil characteristics. The second objective is to develop an algorithm to assess the cumulative effects of chemical spills on a selected area using the model for a single-spill event while taking into account the effects of those spills of the spatial-temporal zone adjacent to the study area.

1492 to Today

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Botticini ◽  
Zvi Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
High Skill

This concluding chapter highlights some puzzles that punctuate Jewish history, from the mass expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula in 1492–97 to today. A growing number of scholars have been studying the long-term impact of institutions by illustrating that some contemporary economic patterns have been influenced by institutions that emerged centuries ago. This book contributes to this literature by showing that the transition of the Jews from farming into high-skill occupations has also been the outcome of the availability of contract-enforcement institutions shaped by the unique features of the Jewish religion. Meanwhile, social scientists have always been fascinated by the study of religion and by the influence religious values and norms may have on human behavior. Ultimately, the cultural values and social norms that Judaism fostered two millennia ago shaped the demographic and economic history of the Jewish people through today.

scholarly journals May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_B) ◽  
pp. B120-B123
Author(s):  
Alejandro Bimbo F Diaz ◽  
Deborah Ignacia David-Ona ◽  
Leilani B Mercado-Asis ◽  
Alberto A Atilano ◽  
Gilbert C Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Previous History ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Health Complications

Abstract The Philippine Society of Hypertension (PSH) took part again in the annual May Measurement Month 2019 (MMM19) blood pressure (BP) measurement campaign to raise awareness of hypertension especially in those who are not aware of their condition. The MMM19 standard protocol designed by the International Society of Hypertension was used during screening. These included the collection of basic data on demography, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Standardized sitting BP measurements were taken two to three times, using an automated BP apparatus and were inputted either in the MMM19 app or data were recorded in paper form and manually transferred to Excel spreadsheets by encoders supervised by the PSH. A total of 89 941 participated through opportunistic convenience sampling. After multiple imputation, a total of 47 925 (53.3%) participants had hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication). Of this number, 31 151 (65%) were aware that they had high BP and 30 120 (62.8%) were on antihypertensive medications. Of the 30 120 participants on antihypertensive medications, only 18 373 (61.1%) had controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg). Being overweight or obese were significant predictors of high BP. Other predictors of high systolic BP and diastolic BP were alcohol intake, smoking, and a previous history of hypertension in pregnancy, while pregnant participants had significantly lower BP. The MMM19 campaign succeeded in raising awareness of high BP in our country, and the opportunistic sampling enhanced a sense of people empowerment by their knowing how easy it is to detect high BP and thereby enabling the prevention of long-term health complications. The higher BP control in the MMM19 hypertensive individuals possibly attests to the success of the previous MMM17 and MMM18 campaigns.

scholarly journals Mazán y Llaviuco: 40 años después

UDA AKADEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Gustavo Chacón-Vintimilla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Weather Change

En el presente trabajo se busca Mazán y Llaviuco son bosques que conforman dos de las 12 microcuencas hidrográficas de mayor importancia para la provisión de agua potable para la ciudad de Cuenca. ETAPA las protege desde 1984 y 1996 respectivamente. Con su moldura glaciar y valores biológicos y culturales estudiados y reconocidos, enfrentaron una historia de uso intenso del suelo (extracción de madera, actividades agropecuarias y acuícolas) que, en su momento, puso en riesgo la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos para la sociedad (agua, fibras, alimentos, etc.). Actualmente, Mazán y Llaviuco están libres de estos impactos y se mantienen conservados. Sin embargo, poco se ha hecho para enfrentar los retos de los fenómenos planetarios de cambio climático, contaminación y otros. Se discute entonces la necesidad de optar por una visión de análisis de vulnerabilidad al cambio climático que permita tomar decisiones sobre la región y mejorar, eventualmente, procesos de producción no limpia en Cuenca o mitigar los impactos negativos externos sobre los cuales no se tiene injerencia directa. Se resalta la importancia de la investigación temática en redes, a largo plazo, a través del trabajo coordinado y multidisciplinario. La información generada debe ser interpretada y usada con persuasión para recomendar políticas y emprendimientos concretos, pero con cautela, y con la convicción de que los procesos están siempre en construcción mientras se identifican las restricciones técnicas, económicas y sociales.Palabras clave: conservación, bosques andinos, sostenibilidad, gestión ambientalAbstractThis research paper is about Mazán and Llaviuco forests, which make up two of the 12 most important micro-watersheds for drinking water supply for the city of Cuenca. ETAPA is in charge of protecting them since 1984 and 1996 respectively.With their glacier molding and biological and cultural values studied and recognized, these two forests faced a history of intense land use (logging, farming and aquaculture activities) which, in turn, threatened the provision of ecosystem services to society (water, fiber, food, etc.) Currently, Mazán and Llaviuco are free of these impacts and remain preserved; however, little has been done to face the global phenomena challenges of weather change, pollution and others. Hence, there are discussions in regard to the need to pursue an analysis approach of the vulnerability to climate change, in order to make decisions about the region and eventually improve the non-clean production processes in Cuenca or reduce the negative external impacts over which there is no direct interference. The importance of long-term thematic research on networks throughcoordinated and multidisciplinary work is emphasized. The information generated should be interpreted and used in a persuasive manner so as to recommend cautious specific policies and projects, with the viewthat the processes are always under construction while the technical, economic and social constraints are being identified.Keywords: Conservation, Andean Forests, Sustainability, Environmental Management

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