A Core Difference! The Varying Hoplite Shield Designs and their Effects on Economic Value, Performance and Combat Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Kevin Rowan De Groote
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Diversity ◽  
Combat Effectiveness ◽  
Variable Quality ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Despite the vast research undertaken on hoplite warfare, surprisingly little is known about how hoplite shields were made, the very technology underpinning the transformative military reforms of hoplite warfare. The few forays that have explored the manufacturing process have been isolated and unintegrated studies leading to an often simplistic and superficial uniformity of production model which does not reflect the evidence. This article analyses the physical remains of extant hoplite shields and finds a plurality of different designs in concurrent use with core compositional differences that likely impacted combat performance and economic value with some designs performing better than others. Moreover, the use and availability of different shield designs of variable quality and economic value suggests a wider range of socioeconomic diversity in hoplite armies and among hoplites than is generally assumed.

Co-producing Sea-Ice Predictions with Stakeholders Using Simulation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Production Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Uncertainty Information

Abstract Forecasts of sea-ice evolution in the Arctic region for several months ahead can be of considerable socio-economic value for a diverse range of marine sectors and for local community supply logistics. However, subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecasts represent a significant technical challenge, while translating user needs into scientifically manageable procedures and robust user confidence requires collaboration among a range of stakeholders. We developed and tested a novel, transdisciplinary co-production approach that combined socio-economic scenarios and participatory, research-driven simulation-gaming to test a new S2S sea-ice forecast system with experienced mariners in the cruise tourism sector. Our custom-developed computerized simulation-game ICEWISE integrated sea-ice parameters, forecast technology and human factors, as a participatory environment for stakeholder engagement. We explored the value of applications-relevant S2S sea-ice prediction and linked uncertainty information. Results suggest that the usefulness of S2S services is currently most evident in schedule-dependent sectors but expected to increase due to anticipated changes in the physical environment and continued growth in Arctic operations. Reliable communication of uncertainty information in sea-ice forecasts must be demonstrated and trialed before users gain confidence in emerging services and technologies. Mariners’ own intuition, experience, and familiarity with forecast service provider reputation impact the extent to which sea-ice information may reduce uncertainties and risks for Arctic mariners. Our insights into the performance of the combined foresight/simulation co-production model in brokering knowledge across a range of domains demonstrates promise. We conclude with an overview of the potential contributions from S2S sea-ice predictions and from experiential co-production models to the development of decision-driven and science-informed climate services.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Performa dan Income Over Feed & Chick Cost (IOFCC) Tiga Strain Ayam Broiler yang Beredar di Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfan Zulfan ◽  
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa tiga strain ayam broiler yang umumnya dipelihara di Aceh. Materi yang digunakan adalah 150 ekor anak ayam broiler (DOC) strain Cobb 500, CP 707, dan MB 202 masing-masing berjumlah 50 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor anak ayam. Perlakuan adalah tiga strain ayam broiler: Cobb 500 (P1), CP 707 (P2), dan MB 202 (P3). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum (FCR), mortalitas, dan Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain. Strain MB 202 dan CP 707 memiliki bobot badan akhir (6 minggu) dan konsumsi ransum nyata (P0,05) lebih tinggi daripada Cobb 500. Angka konversi ransum tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata antara ketiga strain pada semua umur panen. Nilai IOFCC tertinggi dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain dan lama pemeliharaan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan adaptasi strain terhadap iklim setempat (pesisir Aceh) pada periode berbeda-beda yang dapat memengaruhi tingkat keuntungannya. Strain Cobb 500 memiliki kemampuan adaptasi lebih baik selama periode awal, sedangkan CP 707 dan MB 202 selama periode akhir. (Evaluation of performances and income over feed chick cost (iofcc) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh) ABSTRACT. The study aimed to evaluate the performances and Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh. As many as 150 chicks of three different broiler strains (50 birds each) were used in this study. The study was performed into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consists of 3 treatments and 5 replications creating 15 experimental units containing 10 birds each. The treatments were 3 different strains of broiler chickens i.e. Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202. The birds were reared up to 6 weeks to expose their performances recorded as final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion, as well as mortality. Economic value was evaluated by calculating IOFCC. Results of study showed that performances of broilers were significantly (P0,05) influenced by the strains. Strains MB 202 and CP 707 represented more superior than Cobb 500 for 5−6 weeks of raising periods. However, the later was not inferior during initial phase close to 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in FCR among all strains for different ages. The IOFCC related to the strains and their marketing ages. The highest IOFCC was obtained by Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202 as they were sold at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, the achievements of the performances in various broiler strains were affected by the site climate (Aceh) in different stages of their ages. Cobb 500 had proper adaptation during starter, while CP 707 and MB 202 appeared seem to be better than Cobb 500 during finisher period.

Calculating economic values for turkeys using a deterministic production model

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Wood
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Breeding Objectives

Modern poultry breeding has been successful in achieving significant gains in production due to high fecundity, relatively short generation interval (in comparison with other species) and, last, the application of scientific processes in genetic evaluation. The objective of this paper was to document the development of an economic model relevant to the integrated turkey industry and to use the model to describe appropriate breeding objectives by calculating economic values for important production traits. The industry was modelled from the multiplier breeder down through to the processor. Each level in the production chain used a unit of production such as a live poult produced, a carcass delivered at the processing plant or a processed unit of meat to scale between different production divisions. Growth rate, feed consumption and breast meat yield all had similar relative economic value, while the reproductive traits (egg production, fertility and hatchability) had similar economic values to each other, but were smaller in comparison with the commercial production traits. The model was sensitive to assumed costs, such as feed price and, also for assumed returns in the form of breast meat value, and, as a consequence, care must be taken in the assumed pricing structure when calculating economic values for turkey breeding.Key words: Economic model, economic value, turkeys, breeding objectives

scholarly journals Time-varying stock return predictability: the Eurozone case

2015 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Nuno Silva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Return Predictability ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Stock Return Predictability ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Time Varying Parameters ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Time Varying Coefficients ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we test the existence of predictability in eleven Eurozone stock markets, using both regressions with constant coefficients and with time-varying coefficients. Our results show that there is statistical evidence of predictability in some countries. The economic value of the forecasting models is much stronger than what could be inferred, based on the statistical tests. A meanvariance investor could have obtained substantial utility gains in most countries. Overall, models with time-varying parameters perform slightly better than models with constant coefficients.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183‑203X_41_4

scholarly journals Au Extraction from Mineral Rocks with Aeration-Cyanidation Hydrometallurgy and Comparative Study of Its Effectiveness in Various Methods and Solvents

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dhita Ariyanti ◽  
Muhammad Syaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Sodium Bisulphite ◽  
Membrane Method ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
Characterization Test ◽  
Gold Metal ◽  
Better Than

<p>Indonesia is a country with abundant mining potential, one of it is gold (Au) which has a high economic value. Separation of gold metal from mineral rock consists of several methods, such as extraction, hydrometallurgy, and membrane emulsifier technology. These three methods produce different effectiveness of percentage recovery (%recovery), depend on the optimum conditions of each method and type of solvent. This study aims to separate the gold metal from mineral rocks through the hydrometallurgical method with an aeration-cyanidation solvent combination. Hidrometallurgy method is liquid extraction from ores. The test used is a qualitative test of SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution and characterization test with XRF. The results showed that the percentage of recovery (%recovery) of Au with aeration and cyanidation process for 24 hours was 92.8%. Aeration and cyanidation better than emulsifier membrane method and hydrometallurgy with sodium bisulphite, hydrogen peroxide, Cyanex 272 and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl 0.9 M.</p>

scholarly journals Ecological restoration and effect investigation of a river wetland in a semi-arid region, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
S. Xu ◽  
X. Jiang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
Y. Fu ◽  
Q. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Ecological Methods ◽  
Regional Water ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. River wetlands are heavily impacted by human intervention. The degradation and loss of river wetlands has made the restoration of river ecosystems a top priority. How to rehabilitate rivers and their services has been a research focus. The main goal of it is to restore the river wetland ecosystems with ecological methods. The Gudong River was selected as a study site in Chaoyang city in this study. Based on the analysis of interference factors in the river wetland degradation, a set of restoration techniques were proposed and designed for regional water level control, including submerged dikes, ecological embankments, revegetation and dredging. The restoration engineering has produced good results in water quality, eco-environment, and landscape. Monthly reports of the Daling River show that the water quality of Gudong River was better than Grade III in April 2013 compared with Grade V in May 2012. The economic benefit after restoration construction is 1.71 million RMB per year, about 1.89 times that before. The ratio of economic value, social value and eco-environmental value is 1:4:23.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Value Added & Return on Investment on the Changes in Stock Market’s Value (Analytical Study: ASE: 2006-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdel Mohsen Al-Afeef
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Systemic Risks ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to determine the effect of EVA and ROI and which is better able to explain the change in Stock market’s value in the companies listed in (ASE) (2006-2015), the researcher addresses a random sample consisting of (46) Company, and uses regression model, which connects the dependent and independent variables.The results of the study shows that the return on investment (ROI) is better than (EVA) to interpret the changes in Stock market’s value, where the coefficient of determination (R2) for the ROI is (22.5%), while the R2 for EVA Only 1.3%.This study also recommends the need to look for additional factors that would explain the changes in stock market's value such as: the degree of leverage, systemic risks, and macroeconomic indicators such as: (interest rates and inflation).

scholarly journals Application of Surplus Production Model to the Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares in the northern and western parts of Aceh waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
A Rahmah ◽  
I Mardhatillah ◽  
A Damora ◽  
M Muhammad ◽  
N Nurfadillah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Surplus Production Model ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares is one of pelagic fish that has high potential and economic value in Banda Aceh. Utilization of this resource in Banda Aceh is using purse seine units, with the number of purse seines continuously increasing. Therefore, management needs to be done so that optimal productivity can be maintained. This study discusses the estimation of catch and effort at maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of yellowfin tuna based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) and purse seine production in Banda Aceh during 2013-2018. Mathematical analysis was carried out using the equilibrium approach with the Schaefer model. The highest catch of yellowfin tuna reached 191 tons (July) and the average CPUE for yellowfin tuna was 0.796 tons/trip with CMSY of 2,482 tons/year and EMSY of 2,765 trips/year. From 2015 to 2018, the trend of biomass continued to decline and overfishing occurred during this period.

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