scholarly journals Au Extraction from Mineral Rocks with Aeration-Cyanidation Hydrometallurgy and Comparative Study of Its Effectiveness in Various Methods and Solvents

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dhita Ariyanti ◽  
Muhammad Syaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Sodium Bisulphite ◽  
Membrane Method ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
Characterization Test ◽  
Gold Metal ◽  
Better Than

<p>Indonesia is a country with abundant mining potential, one of it is gold (Au) which has a high economic value. Separation of gold metal from mineral rock consists of several methods, such as extraction, hydrometallurgy, and membrane emulsifier technology. These three methods produce different effectiveness of percentage recovery (%recovery), depend on the optimum conditions of each method and type of solvent. This study aims to separate the gold metal from mineral rocks through the hydrometallurgical method with an aeration-cyanidation solvent combination. Hidrometallurgy method is liquid extraction from ores. The test used is a qualitative test of SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution and characterization test with XRF. The results showed that the percentage of recovery (%recovery) of Au with aeration and cyanidation process for 24 hours was 92.8%. Aeration and cyanidation better than emulsifier membrane method and hydrometallurgy with sodium bisulphite, hydrogen peroxide, Cyanex 272 and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl 0.9 M.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluasi Performa dan Income Over Feed & Chick Cost (IOFCC) Tiga Strain Ayam Broiler yang Beredar di Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfan Zulfan ◽  
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa tiga strain ayam broiler yang umumnya dipelihara di Aceh. Materi yang digunakan adalah 150 ekor anak ayam broiler (DOC) strain Cobb 500, CP 707, dan MB 202 masing-masing berjumlah 50 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan merupakan unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor anak ayam. Perlakuan adalah tiga strain ayam broiler: Cobb 500 (P1), CP 707 (P2), dan MB 202 (P3). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum (FCR), mortalitas, dan Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain. Strain MB 202 dan CP 707 memiliki bobot badan akhir (6 minggu) dan konsumsi ransum nyata (P0,05) lebih tinggi daripada Cobb 500. Angka konversi ransum tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata antara ketiga strain pada semua umur panen. Nilai IOFCC tertinggi dipengaruhi oleh jenis strain dan lama pemeliharaan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa performa broiler dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan adaptasi strain terhadap iklim setempat (pesisir Aceh) pada periode berbeda-beda yang dapat memengaruhi tingkat keuntungannya. Strain Cobb 500 memiliki kemampuan adaptasi lebih baik selama periode awal, sedangkan CP 707 dan MB 202 selama periode akhir. (Evaluation of performances and income over feed chick cost (iofcc) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh) ABSTRACT. The study aimed to evaluate the performances and Income over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC) of three broiler chicken strains commonly marketed in Aceh. As many as 150 chicks of three different broiler strains (50 birds each) were used in this study. The study was performed into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consists of 3 treatments and 5 replications creating 15 experimental units containing 10 birds each. The treatments were 3 different strains of broiler chickens i.e. Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202. The birds were reared up to 6 weeks to expose their performances recorded as final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion, as well as mortality. Economic value was evaluated by calculating IOFCC. Results of study showed that performances of broilers were significantly (P0,05) influenced by the strains. Strains MB 202 and CP 707 represented more superior than Cobb 500 for 5−6 weeks of raising periods. However, the later was not inferior during initial phase close to 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in FCR among all strains for different ages. The IOFCC related to the strains and their marketing ages. The highest IOFCC was obtained by Cobb 500, CP 707, and MB 202 as they were sold at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, the achievements of the performances in various broiler strains were affected by the site climate (Aceh) in different stages of their ages. Cobb 500 had proper adaptation during starter, while CP 707 and MB 202 appeared seem to be better than Cobb 500 during finisher period.

scholarly journals Effects of an integrated harvest system on the quality of olive fruit for small producers

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. e436
Author(s):  
E. Plasquy ◽  
G. Blanco-Roldán ◽  
M.C. Florido ◽  
J.M. García
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Storage Times

Small producers confront specific challenges when they opt to produce high-quality olive fruit. Limited resources for investing in harvest machinery and manpower are the main reasons for continuing a traditional harvest method that puts the final product and its economic value at risk. This paper discusses the efficiency of an integrated harvest system as a possible solution to these specific challenges. The system is formed by a newly designed manual harvesting device and the use of a cooling room near the olive grove. Both systems were evaluated to assess their feasibility for optimum conditions before processing. The combined effect of the harvesting method and cold storage on the fruit characteristics (incidence of decay, skin color, weight loss, firmness, respiration, and ethylene production) was evaluated on three different varieties (‘Arbequina’, ‘Picual’ and ‘Verdial’) and four different storage times (0, 4, 8, and 14 days). The results indicate that the proposed harvesting method in combination with an appropriate cooling system offers an affordable alternative for obtaining fruit with the best physiological characteristics.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, CLEAN-UP, AND HPLC DETECTION OF CARBARYL AND CARBOFURAN FROM CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iip Izul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Good Separation ◽  
Carbamate Pesticides ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Better Than

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol-N-methylcarbamate) are very important N-methylcarbamate pesticides due to their high insecticide and nematocide effects, and widely used in vegetables plantations. The increasing use of carbamate pesticides poses a risk to human and environment. Thus, it is necessary to quantify their residue amount in food and vegetables to prevent harmful effect on animals, human and environment. This work was aimed to study of carbaryl and carbofuran analysis from fortified cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up using SPE, followed by HPLC detection. Result of the work showed that detection of carbaryl using spectrophotometer detector at wavelength of 220 nm was better than at 230 and 280 nm, respectively. When the carbamates were extracted from cabbage using methanol, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane, cleaned-up with SPE-C18 and eluted by acetonitrile, the recovery was 96.8%. The detection by HPLC involved 4.6 x 25 mm, 5 µm C18 column, spectrophotometer detector at wavelength of 220 nm, and isocratic mobile phase at ratio of 35:65 of acetonitrile:aquabidest gave a good separation between co-extracted compounds and the carbamates.   Keywords: HPLC, carbaryl, carbofuran, extraction, clean-up

scholarly journals Powerful Concentration of Rhodium in Plating Wastewater Using Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) and Study for Scale-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kato ◽  
Shotaro Saito ◽  
Shigekatsu Oshite ◽  
Shukuro Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Plating Wastewater

A powerful technique for the concentration of rhodium (Rh) in plating wastewater was developed. The technique entails complexing Rh with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) followed by homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HoLLE) with Zonyl FSA. The optimum HoLLE conditions were determined as follows: [ethanol]T = 30.0 vol.%, pH = 4.00, and Rh:PAN = 1:5. Under these optimum conditions, 88.1% of Rh was extracted into the sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, the volume ratio [aqueous phase (Va) /sedimented liquid phase (Vs)] of Va and Vs was 1000 (50 mL → 0.050 mL). We then applied the new method to wastewater generated by the plating industry. The phase separation was satisfactorily achieved when the volume was scaled up to 1000 mL of the actual wastewater; 84.7% of Rh was extracted into the sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, Va/Vs was 588 (1000 mL - 1.70 mL).

Effect of Water-Resistance Agent on the Performance and Surface Sizing Behavior of Styrene Acrylate Emulsion (SAE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3323-3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Xu ◽  
Ling Long ◽  
Hui Ren Hu ◽  
Yan Bo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Surface Sizing ◽  
Cationic Monomer ◽  
Acrylate Emulsion ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Trimethoxy Silane

A series of starch-based styrene acrylate emulsion (SAE) modified with water-resistance agent were prepared by introducing rosin, organosilane(γ-amino propyl triethoxysilane (KH550), γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-propytrimethoxysilane(KH560) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570) as the functional monomer, respectively. In the reaction, starch(CS-8), which is low relative viscosity, was used as the emulsifier and dispersant. The optimum conditions of the reaction had especially been studied by orthogonal experiment and then the emulsion properties and surface sizing behaviors of the SAE modified with different kinds of water-resistance agents were compared. Finally, the products which had excellent properties were characterized and the sizing performance was investigated. The results showed that the excellent performance and good sizing effects of styrene acrylate emulsion (SAE) were achieved when the reaction conditions were as follows: rosin was selected as the water resistance-agent with the dosage of 2%(wt), the reaction temperature was 88°C, the mass ratio of St and BA was 9:11, the stirring speed was 130 round per minute and the dosage of initiator (APS), cationic monomer (DM) and CS-8 was 0.5%, 2%(wt) and 7%, respectively. The water-resistance properties of starch-based SAE were significantly improved by using rosin as the water-resistance agent and the surface sizing performance were better than that of the commercial AKD.

A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR MEASURING INDICAN

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Marko ◽  
F. B. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Colored Compound ◽  
Colored Reaction Product

A qualitative test for indican (indoxyl-O-sulphate, usually as the potassium salt) has been adapted for the quantitative measurement of indican. The method involves the condensation of indican and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in the presence of acid to yield an orange-colored compound. When an excess of sodium acetate is added, the orange-colored reaction product is converted to a cherry-red derivative. The effects of time, acids, temperature, and concentration of reagents on the reaction have been studied and optimum conditions have been selected to obtain a standard curve.Unsatisfactory analytical results are obtained when this method is applied directly to urine samples and a method for the quantitative elution of indican from charcoal columns has, therefore, been devised. With this modification quantitative recoveries have been achieved with indican alone and with indican added to urine samples.In addition a review of the literature pertaining to indican measurement and indigoid pigments is presented.

Shallow Silicided Junctions for VLSI Cmos Transistors by Furnace and Rapid Thermal Processing

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Butler ◽  
D.J. Foster ◽  
A.J. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Processing ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Furnace Annealing ◽  
Boron Fluoride ◽  
Device Scaling ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
Silicon Implantation ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAs a result of device scaling very shallow low resistance diffusions are required for VLSI CMOS fabrication. This paper describes a technique for their formation using silicon implantation for preamorphisation, counterdoping arsenic implantation and overall boron fluoride implantation for the sources and drains of the n- and p-channel transistors. Platinum silicidation has been used to reduce diffusion and polysilicon sheet resistances to 8Q/square. Activation of the shallow diffusions has been achieved either by furnace annealing (FA) or rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in the range 900°C to 1100 °C. Materials results are discussed including TTEM, SIMS and SR profiling. The suitability of the technique for VLSI CMOS applications is demonstrated by the fabrication of sub-micron transistors. With larger wafer diameters (>5') the FA conditions considered are not practicable owing to ramped diffusion effects which lead to deeper junctions. Hence RTA is necessary: optimum conditions found were 1100 °C for 10 seconds when device performance equivalent to or better than FA can be achieved.

scholarly journals Time-varying stock return predictability: the Eurozone case

2015 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Nuno Silva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Return Predictability ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Stock Return Predictability ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Time Varying Parameters ◽  
Constant Coefficients ◽  
Time Varying Coefficients ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we test the existence of predictability in eleven Eurozone stock markets, using both regressions with constant coefficients and with time-varying coefficients. Our results show that there is statistical evidence of predictability in some countries. The economic value of the forecasting models is much stronger than what could be inferred, based on the statistical tests. A meanvariance investor could have obtained substantial utility gains in most countries. Overall, models with time-varying parameters perform slightly better than models with constant coefficients.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183‑203X_41_4

scholarly journals Ecological restoration and effect investigation of a river wetland in a semi-arid region, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
S. Xu ◽  
X. Jiang ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
Y. Fu ◽  
Q. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Ecological Methods ◽  
Regional Water ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. River wetlands are heavily impacted by human intervention. The degradation and loss of river wetlands has made the restoration of river ecosystems a top priority. How to rehabilitate rivers and their services has been a research focus. The main goal of it is to restore the river wetland ecosystems with ecological methods. The Gudong River was selected as a study site in Chaoyang city in this study. Based on the analysis of interference factors in the river wetland degradation, a set of restoration techniques were proposed and designed for regional water level control, including submerged dikes, ecological embankments, revegetation and dredging. The restoration engineering has produced good results in water quality, eco-environment, and landscape. Monthly reports of the Daling River show that the water quality of Gudong River was better than Grade III in April 2013 compared with Grade V in May 2012. The economic benefit after restoration construction is 1.71 million RMB per year, about 1.89 times that before. The ratio of economic value, social value and eco-environmental value is 1:4:23.

scholarly journals Factors influencing mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imdramani Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Better Than

Sclerotial blight of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the destructive diseases in tea growing areas of the world. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to know the optimum conditions for the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. Factors influencing mycelial growth of S. rolfsii were studied with special reference to their growth in different media, variable pH and variable sources of carbon (viz., 6 types) as well as organic (viz., 4 types) and inorganic (viz., 4 types) nitrogen sources. Maximum growth of pathogen occurred after 8 days of inoculation at pH 6. Dextrose was the most effective carbon source and yeast extract (organic source) was found most optimum for growth of S. rolfsii. Organic nitrogen sources were found to be better than inorganic nitrogen sources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7466 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 26-31 (2011)

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