The Strange Case of the Diocese of Olena and the Churches of Andravida, Capital of the Principality of Achaia

Frankokratia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Chris Schabel
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
East End ◽  
The Town

Abstract By the mid-thirteenth century, at least five Latin churches stood in Andravida (Andreville), capital of the Principality of Achaia, and yet the town lay in the diocese of Olena, an obscure village. Understandably, it is the unanimous view of writers of every sort that the Latin bishops merely took their title from Olena but were actually bishops of Andravida, where they allegedly presided. Many even assert that these de facto bishops of Andravida employed as their cathedral the Dominican church of Holy Wisdom (Sancta Sophia), ubiquitously identified with the vaulted remains of the Gothic east end of a church still prominent in the town. After reviewing the evidence for the above claims, this paper analyzes the phenomena in light of the broader context of the transition from Byzantine to Frankish secular control and from Greek to Latin ecclesiastical rule. It proposes instead that, after the Frankish conquest, a Greek bishop remained in situ in Olena, leading the Franks to created a new episcopal see in Andravida, the memory of which persisted for centuries. With the eventual demise, deposition, or departure of the Greek prelate, however, there was no need for the new see. Whether the Latin bishops of Olena then resided in Andravida, Olena, or both, they did not preside from the Dominican church of Holy Wisdom.

scholarly journals Archaeological excavations in St Giles' Cathedral Edinburgh, 1981-93

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
John Lawson ◽  
Nicholas Holmes ◽  
Derek Hall ◽  
George Haggarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Church ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
East End ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Church

The report describes the results of excavations in 1981, ahead of development within the South Choir Aisle of St Giles' Cathedral, and subsequent archaeological investigations within the kirk in the 1980s and 1990s. Three main phases of activity from the 12th to the mid-16th centuries were identified, with only limited evidence for the post-Reformation period. Fragmentary evidence of earlier structural remains was recorded below extensive landscaping of the natural steep slope, in the form of a substantial clay platform constructed for the 12th-century church. The remains of a substantial ditch in the upper surface of this platform are identified as the boundary ditch of the early ecclesiastical enclosure. A total of 113 in situ burials were excavated; the earliest of these formed part of the external graveyard around the early church. In the late 14th century the church was extended to the south and east over this graveyard, and further burials and structural evidence relating to the development of the kirk until the 16th century were excavated, including evidence for substantive reconstruction of the east end of the church in the mid-15th century. Evidence for medieval slat-bottomed coffins of pine and spruce was recovered, and two iron objects, which may be ferrules from pilgrims' staffs or batons, were found in 13th/14th-century burials.

scholarly journals VRTBY ICHNORODU GASTROCHAENOLITES JAKOŽTO ŽIVOTNÍ PROSTOR MLŽŮ Z LOKALITY BORAČ-PODOLÍ (KARPATSKÁ PŘEDHLUBEŇ, ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Šamánek ◽  
Radek Mikuláš ◽  
Nela Doláková ◽  
Šářka Hladilová
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
The State ◽  
Secondary User ◽  
Hiatella Arctica ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
The Town ◽  
Hard Substrates

In 2015 the locality Borač-Podolí was newly examined. The locality is situated 8 km NW from the town of Tišnov. A large amount of shallow-water fossils of middle Miocene (Badenian) age was collected. The state of preservation of the material enabled us bivalve borings of ichnogenus Gastrochaenolites which were bored into colonies of hermatype corals and other calcareous hard substrates. In some of these borings, bivalves were found in situ. The borings were determined as Gastrochaenolites isp., Gastrochaenolites orbicularis, Gastrochaenolites lapidicus, Gastrochaenolites dijugus and Gastrochaenolites torpedo. The in situ bivalves were determined as Gastrochaena cf. intermedia, Rocellaria cf. dubia, Hiatella arctica and Cardita calyculata. The first three species probably represent primary borers while Cardita calyculata is probably a secondary user (squatter). Based on an analysis of fossil material, we can assume that borings were created aft er the death of corals during the repeated transport of these bioclasts. It led to colonizing of the whole surface of coral bioclasts. The bioclasts were then moved to deeper water. Transport to water with clay sedimentation enabled the preservation of the bivalves in situ in borings.

scholarly journals Anisotropy of seasonal snow measured by polarimetric phase differences in radar time series

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 6061-6123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Leinss ◽  
H. Löwe ◽  
M. Proksch ◽  
J. Lemmetyinen ◽  
A. Wiesmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Structural Anisotropy ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
The Town ◽  
Phase Differences

Abstract. Snow settles under the force of gravity and recrystallizes by vertical temperature gradients. Both effects are assumed to form oriented ice crystals which induce an anisotropy in mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of the snow pack. On microscopic scales, the anisotropy could be hitherto determined only from stereology or computer tomography of samples taken from snow pits. In this paper we present an alternative method and show how the anisotropy of a natural snow pack can be observed contact- and destruction-free with polarimetric radar measurements. The copolar phase differences (CPD) of polarized microwaves transmitted through dry snow were analyzed for four winter seasons (2009–2013) from the SnowScat Instrument, installed at a test site near the town of Sodankylä, Finnland. An electrodynamic model was established based on anisotropic optics and on Maxwell–Garnett-type mixing formulas to provide a link between the structural anisotropy and the measured CPD. The anisotropy values derived from the CPD were compared with in-situ anisotropy measurements obtained by computer tomography. In addition, we show that the CPD measurements obtained from SnowScat show the same temporal evolution as space-borne CPD measurements from the satellite TerraSAR-X. The presented dataset provides a valuable basis for the future development of snow models capable of including the anisotropic structure of snow.

Test fill on soft plastic marine clay at Onsøy, Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toralv Berre
Keyword(s):  
Soft Clay ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Direct Simple Shear ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
Loading Case ◽  
The Town

The test fill at Onsøy, close to the town of Fredrikstad in Norway, was built on a very soft marine clay with in situ vane strength as low as 11 kPa and a plasticity index varying from 34 to 50. The dimensions at the bottom of the long fill were 20 m × 60 m and the height 2.3 m. The fill, as placed, had a computed factor of safety against foundation failure of 1.35 based on in situ vane strength. The fill was allowed to sit for about 3 years (from 1972 to 1975) before it, in a second stage, was brought to failure by raising the height. The main purpose of the first stage was to study the stress–strain–time relationships for the soft clay and compare the values of geotechnical parameters determined by careful laboratory tests with those back-calculated from the observed field behaviour. The test fill foundation was heavily instrumented to measure clay deformations and pore pressures with time. Field observations showed that the Onsøy test fill turned out to be more of a drained loading case than an undrained case in spite of the fairly rapid construction of the fill. Actually, subsequent undrained triaxial and direct simple shear tests strongly indicate that the fill might have failed if less drainage had taken place, i.e., if the drainage paths had been longer and (or) if the coefficient of consolidation had been lower.

scholarly journals The Literary Evidence for the Topography of Thebes

1911 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 29-53
Author(s):  
A. W. Gomme
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Long Range ◽  
The South ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
East And West ◽  
East End ◽  
The Town

Fabricius' view, based on archaeological evidence, that the lower town of Thebes extended over the high hills East and West of the Kadmeia (Pl. XIX. A) has in general been accepted by subsequent scholars: it has only been modified by the theory of Kalopais and Soteriádes, which makes the town extend yet further eastwards.How weak this archaeological evidence is, was shown by the criticisms of Wilamowitz and Frazer; and the literary evidence suggests quite a different view. It is to this that I wish to draw attention. Any theory based on such evidence is of course liable to be upset at any moment by fresh archaeological discoveries. But in the present uncertainty it may be useful to see to what theory this evidence seems to lead us.Thebes is situate towards the East end of the long range of low, cultivated hills, running eastwards from Helikon as far as Mount Sorós, and dividing the Aonian plain on the North from that of Leuktra and Plataia on the South. Here is a small group of hills, none of them rising much above the general height of the range, divided by the three streams flowing from. South to North, the Plakiótissa (identified with Dirke), a small and nameless brook, and the H. Joánnes (the ancient Ismenos)

scholarly journals Historical Notices of the Cradle of Henry V.

1876 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 231-259
Author(s):  
William Watkins Old
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Henry V ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

The venerable relic which is the subject of this paper is a wooden cot (or cradle, as it has been called) of unquestionable antiquity, traditionally said to have been the cradle of the hero of Agincourt, the glory of Monmouth, Henry V.Lambarde, in his “Topographical Dictionary,” speaking of the destruction of Monmouth Castle in the thirteenth century, writes: “Thus the glorie of Monmouth had cleane perished, ne had it pleased God longe after in that place to give life to the noble King Hen. V.” (“Alphabetical Description of the Chief Places in England and Wales,” by William Lambarde, first published in 1730). It may befit me, therefore, as an inhabitant of this town, to use my endeavour to preserve from perishing the memory of an object which tradition has associated with him who has given undying fame to my place of residence, and which for a period of many years has been lost to us. Tradition, of course, is not evidence. But where direct testimony is not to be obtained, and in the absence of authoritative contradiction, it must be accepted as of a certain weight and worth. It will generally be found to be built upon a substratum of fact, and although, in process of time, the groundwork is almost invariably distorted, it is rarely destroyed. Should there be nothing, then, but tradition to link this rare example of mediaeval furniture with the House of Plantagenet and the town of Monmouth, it would not, I opine, be beneath the notice of those whose professed aim is to classify the stores of the past and to preserve everything connected with those of our forefathers whose history is an honour to our land.

scholarly journals V.—Records of the Manor of Durrington, Wilts

Archaeologia ◽  
1904 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
T.F. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Military Camp ◽  
East End ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village

The village of Durrington is situate on the right bank of the river Avon, about three miles north of Amesbury; the village of Bulford, where the military camp is, being on the other side of the river.There are two manors in the parish, which contains only 2,702 acres, the east end manor and the west end manor. It is to the east end manor that I am about to refer. In the thirteenth century it belonged to a family of the name of Nevill. I exhibit the counterpart of a grant of the manor by Hervey de Nevill to the nuns of Amesbury for the term of three years in consideration of forty marks down and twenty more in expectancy.

The Finley Site: Discovery of Yuma Points, in Situ, near Eden, Wyoming

1943 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar B. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Rock Springs ◽  
The Town ◽  
Sweetwater County

A preliminary report has already been made on the Finley site,2 located in Sweetwater County, southwestern Wyoming, in the southeast corner of the N.E. ¼ of Section 25, Township 24 N., Range 106 W., about four and a half miles east and a little south of the town of Eden, which itself is approximately thirty-seven miles northwest of Rock Springs. The altitude of the site is approximately 6750 feet.

scholarly journals Borisoglebsk. Identity of a small town

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Petr Kapustin ◽  
Denis Astashov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Cultural Wealth ◽  
District Center ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Town

Borisoglebsk is a district center in the Voronezh region, a typical provincial town in the Black Earth region of Russia. Despite its turbulent history, the town managed to save most of its historical and cultural wealth. Today this small town is “frozen” in anticipation of upcoming changes. The changes are coming together with large-scale national projects, building initiatives and the general tendency towards improvements and contemporary design. The authors discuss the measure of adequacy of possible development strategies for the values of the urban fabric woven by a long and slow accumulation of qualities “in situ”.

Yet Another Inquiry into the Trustworthiness of Eighteenth-Century Bills of Mortality: the Newcastle and Gateshead Bills, 1736–1840

2014 ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Graham Butler
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Religious Dissent ◽  
The North ◽  
East End ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

This note is a preliminary analysis of the Newcastle and Gateshead Bills of Mortality, a hitherto unused source for understanding some of the most significant aspects of vital registration and burial practices in the North East's capital, c. 1736–1840. The Bills are annual totals of the number of burials and baptisms which took place in all of the ancient Anglican parishes in Newcastle and Gateshead. One of the most lucid aspects of the Bills is that they recorded the number of burials which took place in the 'infamous' un-consecrated burial ground of Ballast Hills located on the outskirts of the east-end of the town. Attention here is given to the initial accuracy of the Bills by focusing upon All Saints parish in Newcastle which accounted for approximately 50 per cent of the town's total population over the entire period. Here the data revealed in the Bills are compared directly with the burials which were registered by the parish clerk in All Saints. The major finding of this preliminary study is the huge discrepancy between the number of reported burials and the number of baptisms which took place in All Saints over time. The Bills also provide a fully documented account of the impact of Ballast Hills and the apparent “export in corpses” which was clearly taking place on a large scale. By the 1770s–1790s, this one burial ground alone, was consuming roughly 60–70 per cent of the town's dead population. The reasons behind this phenomenon are discussed by looking specifically at the possible impact of religious dissent, burial costs and burial space in the town. The note concludes that while this preliminary analysis is revealing, more work needs to be done which would involve a fuller analysis of all of the parishes recorded in the Bills as well as looking more closely at the registration of baptisms, stillbirths and the heavy “traffic in corpses” which was clearly a major defect of vital registration in Georgian Newcastle.

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