Taking Psychoanalytic and Psychometric Perspectives toward a Binocular Vision of Religion

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-85
Author(s):  
Barbara Keller
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Current Psychology ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Current psychology of religion relies mostly on quantitative psychometric approaches for the description, explanation, or prediction of religious experience and behavior, risking narrow reifications of operational definitions and neglect of individual experience. Psychoanalytic concepts are rarely addressed, due to being seen as lacking a scientific foundation, such as hypothesis testing based on large samples. Psychoanalysts have been slow to discuss religion without suspicion of pathology. Recently, psychoanalysts have broadened their empirical work and a “narrative turn” is discernible in developmental and personality psychology, allowing the inclusion of subjective perspectives. Drawing on these developments a rapprochement of psychodynamic and psychometric approaches is suggested to gain more depth of vision. Examples are given for the areas of development, personality, and psychotherapy.

Psychology of Religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
O. Karagodina
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Religious Studies

Psychology of religion as a branch of religious studies, in contrast to the philosophy and sociology of religion, focuses attention mainly on the problems of individual religiosity - the phenomena of religious experience, religious beliefs, mechanisms of the emergence and development of religious experience. The psychology of religion studies the experience of the supernatural person, the psychological roots of this experience and its significance for the subjective. Since a person is formed and operates in a society, the study of religious experience must include its social sources.

Sex Differences in Variability in Vocational Interests: Evidence from Two Large Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Paessler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Physical Attributes

Greater male variability has been established in cognitive abilities and physical attributes. This study investigated sex differences in variability in vocational interests with two large samples (N > 40 000 and N > 70 000). The results show that although men varied more in Realistic and Enterprising interests, women varied more in Artistic and Conventional interests. These differences in variability had considerable influence on the female–male tail ratios in vocational interests that have been found to contribute to reported gender disparities in certain fields of work and academic disciplines. Moreover, differences in means and variability interacted non–linearly in shaping tail–ratio imbalances. An age–specific analysis additionally revealed that differences in variability diminished with age: Older samples showed smaller differences in variance in Realistic, Artistic, and Social interests than younger samples. Thus, I found no evidence that greater male variability applies for vocational interests in general. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

A Measured Faith: Edwin Starbuck, William James, and the Scientific Reform of Religious Experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 431-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher White
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
William James ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
First Americans ◽  
Enormous Number

A number of recent studies have drawn attention to how the study of religion and religious seeking were intertwined in European and American cultures in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Ann Taves, Leigh Schmidt and Hans Kippenberg, for example, have pointed to ways that particularly Protestant anxieties and dilemmas shaped scholarly thinking about categories such as experience and “mysticism.” Scholars have been less interested, however, in the other side of the exchange—less interested, in other words, in how scholarship has reshaped religious belief and practice. The first Americans to study religion scientifically, American psychologists of religion, serve as a particularly useful illustration of how scholarly methods influenced modern ways of believing, but there is still little historical scholarship on the key figures involved. There remain few critical works, for example, on the pioneer psychologists of religion—Edwin Starbuck (1866–1947), George Coe (1862–1951), James Bissett Pratt (1875–1944), and G. Stanley Hall (1844–1924)—and their ways of studying and attempting to reform religion. The notable exception is, of course, the literature on William James, which includes an enormous number of dissertations and monographs, including several important studies examining the Varieties of Religious Experience and James's other efforts to help fashion a science of religion. But even the scholarship on James does not consider how he and others used the sciences to reform religious belief and revitalize American culture. Given the fact that James identified himself as a psychologist, engaged a wide range of neurological, physiological and psychological thinkers in his work, and drew extensively on psychologists like George Coe and Edwin Starbuck, it is remarkable that these contexts have been overlooked. His debt to the psychologist Edwin Starbuck is particularly striking. In his Varieties, he uses or refers to Starbuck's empirical work twenty-six times, he draws from Starbuck's questionnaire data thirty-seven times, and he mentions Starbuck by name a total of forty-six times, which is roughly the equivalent of once in every six pages of text.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CONDUCTING GOBAK SODOR TRADITIONAL GAMES ON STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN SDN 10 MATARAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Ulia Arta Sari ◽  
Nasruddin Nasruddin ◽  
Abdul Kadir Jaelani
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Lack of independence of students solving problems with friends while playing or when the learning process is taking place. The problems that occur often make the parents intervene. Related to this problem, there is a game method that can train student cooperation and responsibility, the game is usually called Gobak Sodor. This game has a positive impact on students' attitudes and behavior. Thus, the writer wanted to know whether there was a significant effect of giving the traditional Gobak Sodor game on student behavior. The research technique used is to use quantitative methods. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used paired sample t-test, based on the results of the pretest and posttest, the average value of student behavior was 42.97 and the post-test was 46.94. The results of hypothesis testing obtained the value of Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 at the pretest and posttest with a value of 0.000 <0.05. In accordance with hypothesis testing, namely the value of Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. This shows that there is an effect of giving the traditional Gobak Sodor game on student behavior.

scholarly journals Human behavior inside and outside bureaucracy: Lessons from psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Sonne Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Behavior

Both Herbert A. Simon and Anthony Downs borrowed heavily from psychology to develop more accurate theories of Administrative Behavior outside and Inside Bureaucracy: Simon, to explicate the cognitive shortcomings in human rationality and its implications; and Downs, to argue that public officials, like other human beings, vary in their psychological needs and motivations and, therefore, behave differently in similar situations. I examine how recent psychological research adds important nuances to the psychology of human decision-making and behavior and points in somewhat other directions than those taken by Simon and Downs. Cue-taking, fast and intuitive thinking, and emotions play a larger role in human judgment and decision-making than what Simon suggested with his notion of bounded rationality. Personality trait theory provides a more general and solid underpinning for understanding individual differences in behavior, both inside and outside bureaucracy, than the 'types of officials' that Downs discussed. I present an agenda for a behavioral public administration that takes key issues in cognitive psychology and personality psychology into account.

Determining the Natural Head Posture for Extant Animal Species Using Line-of-Sight From the Eyesocket and Optical Foramen

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Tobaben ◽  
Larry D. Martin ◽  
Kenneth J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Understanding natural head posture in animals is improtant in interpreting their biomechanics and behavior. For extinct animals, natural posture cannot be directly determined from the fossil record. There have been few prior studies of animal line of sight and head posture. Most line of sight studies have focused on the breadth of binocular vision versus panoramic vision in relation to behavior (predator type or grazer, for instance) or the animals typical environment (open or cluttered) [1]. For head posture some have studied changes in cognition or the environment or related aspects like the eyeball orientation as head posture changes [2]. Still others have focused on the areas of the brain that control 3D head position [3]. However, none of these studies address a method to determine the natural head posture or angle. While there currently is no definitive way to determine natural head angle in extinct animals, it seems reasonable to assume that the natural head posture would place the line of sight in the horizontal plane for most species. Therefore, we hypothesized that the opening for the optical (the optical foremen) and the eye socket structure itself can be used to accurately determine the natural head posture for a large portion of extant and extinct animal species. Specifically, if the skull is oriented such that the plane of sight (the plane common to both lines of sight) is horizontal, then the skull will be in the natural posture. If this hypothesis is shown to be valid, it will provide naturalists a reliable tool to determine the natural head posture (head angle) of extinct animals. The objective of this study was to test the above hypothesis on animals in the Felidae (cats).

“Moulding his human personality”: Personality Change and Formation to Priesthood in the Catholic Church

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245
Author(s):  
Sahaya G. Selvam
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Priestly Formation ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Person Model ◽  
The Catholic Church

The official documents on formation to priesthood in the Catholic Church encourage the use of personality psychology. Generally, the documents understand human personality to be dynamic. What does this mean in the light of the contemporary debate on the psychology of personality change? This article attempts to summarize the salient features of this debate, pointing out its relevance to priestly formation. Supporting a “whole-person model” of personality as proposed by Dan McAdams, the article considers the possibility of personality change at some levels in the context of religious experience facilitated by seminary formation. This article is also aimed at enlightening formation guides to make an informed decision in the choice of appropriate models of personality in the accompaniment of their candidates.

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