Problems and Prospects of Uli Art Idiom and the Igbo Heritage Crisis

Utafiti ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-201
Author(s):  
Chuu Krydz Ikwuemesi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Major Index ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Igbo Culture ◽  
Cultural Self ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Level Of Experience

Abstract In their various books on Igbo culture, Simon Ottenberg, Adiele Afigbo, P-J Ezeh, Herbert Cole and Chike Aniakor make references to ‘Igbo receptivity’, the ‘resurgence of Igbo arts’, and ‘Igbo cultural self-hate’, in an attempt to capture the wandering of Igbo cultural attitudes from one level of experience to another. While ‘receptivity’ and ‘resurgence’ are positive characterisations and paint a picture of resilience, ‘self-hate’ depicts a postcolonial nihilist tendency also at the heart of Igbo culture. If art is one major index for expressing and assessing the culture of a people, the Igbo uli art, arguably spanning three stages of historical-stylistic development, offers a basis on which Igbo culture and heritage can be appreciated and appraised in light of its receptivity, resurgence, as well as self-hate. Relying on the works of the uli women classicists, the Nsukka artists, and the outcomes of the Art Republic workshops, I argue that traditions never die in any finalistic sense, but rather degenerate and then regenerate new ideas, while nourishing and refreshing paradigms which extend the history and experience of the old.

Culture and Creativity: A Process Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yue Chiu ◽  
Letty Y-Y. Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Successful Innovation

The articles in this forum present many innovative ideas on the role of culture in creativity. In this commentary, we first discuss the contributions of these articles in relation to two recurrent themes: (i) where creativity resides and (ii) what conceptual refinements are needed to push the field forward. Next, we oudine a process model of creativity and explain the role of culture at each stage of knowledge creation. We argue that successful innovation involves one or more iterations of the following three stages: (i) authoring new ideas; (ii) selecting, editing, and marketing new ideas; and (iii) acceptance of the new ideas in the market. The desired outcomes are different at the different stages, and culture influences all stages of the process. Specifically, existing knowledge provides a reference point for evaluating the originality of ideas; assumed cultural consensus provides the normative basis for idea selection, editing, and marketing; and actual cultural norms determine how likely an idea will be accepted in a culture. Furthermore, different social and psychological processes are at work at different stages of the creativity process, and culture can affect the outcomes of the creativity process through its effects on these social and psychological processes.

scholarly journals ANTON AŽBE AND HIS SOUTH SLAVIC STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Meretskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Method ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The Impact

In 1891, a private art school led by Anton Ažbe (1862–1905), a Slovenian artist and teacher, opened in Munich. A lot of artists from all over the world studied at the school during its operation. Anton Ažbe’s approach to teaching, which was based on the “Sphere Principle” and the “Crystallization of Color Principle”, influenced stylistic development of the European and Russian art in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The distinctive feature of Ažbe’s method was a combination of thorough technical skill training and openness to new ideas, which would bring out students’ personal creative talents. The school's alumni were later engaged in quite different areas of style, including the avant-garde. This paper offers brief overviews of the artistic careers of Ažbe’s most famous South Slavic students — Slovenes, Serbs and Croats; it also discusses some aspects of their relationships with their teacher and analyzes the impact of Ažbe’s teaching method on their stylistic development. Thus, the oeuvre of the Slovenian Impressionists R. Jakopič, I. Grohar, M. Yama and M. Sternen, of the Croatian painters J. Račić and O. Hermann and of the Serbian artist N. Petrović have been consistently examined. The author concludes that the Ažbe’s South Slavic students consistently introduced elements of his painting principles into the art of Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia.

PERSEPSI NASABAH ISLAM TERHADAP TABUNGAN KURBAN PADA BPRS NIAGA MADANI CABANG MAKASSAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Andi Muhammad Rafli ◽  
Muh. Saleh Ridwan ◽  
Asni Asni
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
Collection Methods

 AbstrakPokok permasalahan yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah mengenai persepsi nasabah Islam terhadap tabungan kurban pada BPRS Niaga Madani Cabang Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif atau penelitian lapangan dengan jenis pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan empiris serta  sosiologis. Adapun sumber data dari penelitian ini mengenai biaya administrasi tabungan, jumlah nasabah, serta segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan tabungan kurban pada BPRS Niaga Madani. Kemudian metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Lalu teknikpengolahan data dan analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui tiga tahapan: Reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya salah satu produk tabungan kurban pada BPRS Niaga Madani Cabang Makassar yang tujuannya membantu meringankan masyarakat bagi yang ingin melaksanakan ibadah kurban setiap tahunnya. Tabungan kurban ini menerapkan sistem mudharobah, yaitu sistem bagi hasil, tabungan ini juga tidak mempunyai biaya administrasi sama sekali, bahkan nasabah pada tabungan ini memperoleh keuntungan dari sistem bagi hasil tersebut. Tabungan ini hanya bisa ditarik kembali dalam jangka waktu satu tahun yaitu satu minggu sebelum hari raya Idul Adha, atau hanya dapat ditarik kembali jika dalam keadaan mendesak (darurat). Selain itu, jumlah setoran yang dikeluarkan hanya Rp. 150.000,- perbulan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini sebaiknya pihak bank menambah atau meningkatkan kinerja pegawainya sehingga mampu menciptakan ide atau gagasan baru yang memungkinkan produk tabungan kurban ini lebih mudah dikenal oleh masyarakat luas merupakan hal yang penting, karena pada umumnya hanya bank tertentu saja yang memiliki produk tabungan tersebut.Kata Kunci: BPRS Niaga Madani, Nasabah, Persepsi, Tabungan Kurban.AbstractThe main problem discussed in this thesis is about the perception of Islamic customers towards sacrificial savings at BPRS Niaga Madani Makassar Branch. This research is a qualitative research or field research with the type of research approach used is an empirical and sociological approach. The sources of data from this study are the administrative costs of savings, the number of customers, and everything related to sacrificial savings at BPRS Niaga Madani. Then the data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data processing and data analysis techniques are carried out through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of this study indicate that the existence of a sacrificial savings product at BPRS Niaga Madani Makassar Branch whose purpose is to help ease the community for those who want to carry out qurban worship every year. This sacrificial saving applies a mudharabah system, namely a profit-sharing system, this savings also has no administrative costs at all, even customers in this savings benefit from the profit-sharing system. This savings can only be withdrawn within one year, namely one week before Eid al-Adha, or can only be withdrawn if it is in an emergency (emergency). In addition, the total deposit issued is only Rp. 150.000,- per month. The implication of this research is that the bank should add or improve the performance of its employees so that they are able to create new ideas or ideas that allow this sacrificial savings product to be more easily recognized by the wider community, which is important, because in general only certain banks have these savings products.Keywords: Customers, Madani Comercial BPRS, Perception, Sacrificial savings.

scholarly journals Anton Ažbe’s pedagogical method’s influence on the stylistic development of Russian Empire painting in the late XIX — early XX century

Slovenica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 220-243
Author(s):  
Yulia Meretskaya
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Art School

Anton Ažbe, a Slovenian artist and teacher, at 1891 opened a famous private art school in Munich, which attracted lot of young artists from all world during fourteen years. Ažbe’s pedagogical method played an important role in the stylistic development of Eastern Europe and Russian art in the late XIX ― early XX century. Due to the successful combination of openness to new ideas and the presence of a strong technical base, Ažbe’s pedagogical method developed individual creative inclinations of students, who were able to realize their potential in different areas of Avant-garde. The objective of this article is to show on concrete examples the Ažbe’s pedagogical method’s infl uence on the art’ stylistic development of his students from the Russian Empire ― natives of various national painting schools.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MODIFIED STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (MSTAD) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN STRUKTUR ALJABAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Kartika Sari ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Suciptawati
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Algebra Structure ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Student Team

The application of Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) model in learning algebra structure indicated that the model is slow on detecting an error in understanding the material and it also need more time to completely delivered all of the course’s material. Therefore, in this study STAD was modified into Modified Students Teams Achievement Division (MSTAD). MSTAD development was carried out through three stages: developing new ideas based on previous research, developing results, and conducting trials. Trials  were performed  on  students taking  Algebra Structure 1  course in  2013/2014  and  2014/2015 academic year in one of the universities in Bali. Results showed that error in understanding the material was detected early, and every material was delivered on time. Statistical analysis also showed that class where MSTAD was applied achieve significantly better learning outcomes compared to STAD class and conventional class for 2013/2014 academic year (t= -9,339 < t0,05(41) = -2,702) as well as 2014/2015 academic year (Z0,5(1-0,01)=0,4950 = 2,57). Keywords: Algebra Structure, MSTAD model, STAD modelABSTRAK Penerapan   model   Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) dalam pembelajaran Struktur Aljabar menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dalam memahami materi lambat terdeteksi dan perlu tambahan waktu untuk menyelesaikan semua materi. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan modifikasi model STAD yaitu model pembelajaran Modified Student Teams Achievement Division (MSTAD).Pengembangan dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu mengembangkan ide baru berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, mengem- bangkan hasil, dan melaksanakan uji coba. Uji coba dilakukan pada mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Struktur Aljabar 1 pada Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 di Jurusan Matematika salah satu Universitas di Bali. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dalam memahami materi dapat terdeteksi lebih awal dan materi juga dapat diselesaikan tepat waktu. Hasil analisis statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa kelas yang pembelajarannya menerapkan model MSTAD memiliki nilai hasil belajar yang lebih baik dibandingkan  kelas yang pembelajarannya menerapkan model STAD maupun metode konvensional baik untuk Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 (t= -9,339 < t0,05(41) = -2,702) maupun untuk Tahun Ajaran 204/2015 (Z0,5(1-0,01)=0,4950 = 2,57). Kata kunci: pembelajaran STAD, pembelajaran MSTAD, struktur aljabarErratum 

scholarly journals Repetition in Literary Arabic: Foregrounding, Backgrounding, and Translation Strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham A. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Item Repetition ◽  
Three Stages

Abstract The paper investigates lexical repetition in Arabic original literary texts and English translations. The empirical base material consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyām, by Tāhā Hussein) and its translation (The Days). The method involves a mapping of the target text (TT) onto the source text (ST) so as to see how instances of lexical repetition are rendered into the translations and what are the strategies and norms involved in determining certain translation choices. Three types of lexical repetition are studied: lexical-item repetition, lexical-doublet repetition and phrase repetition. Lexical repetition serves two major functions, namely textual and rhetorical. The textual function concerns the potential of repetition for organising the text and rendering it cohesive, while the rhetorical foregrounds a mental image or invokes emotions in emotive language. It is observed that the translation of the autobiography’s second part is characterised mainly by the absence of lexical repetition, contrary to the translations of the first and third parts. Thus, the target text misrepresents the original author as passing through three stages of textual, stylistic development. As to the translation strategies, the findings suggest that the translators vary the ST by using different patterns of reference. Rhetorical repetition is backgrounded by at least one translator who replaces it with pervasive variation. It is argued that the ambivalence of their approaches leads to a misrepresentation of the original text (and perhaps the author) as rather uneven.The strategies for translating lexical repetition highlight the translators’ individual attitudes towards the ST’s norms and their adherence to the linguistic and cultural norms prevalent in the TL environment. On the whole, there is a variation in the degree of bias towards the norms of either SL or TL. In terms of Toury’s norms model, it may be safe to claim that the general trend of translational norms seems to lean more towards the acceptability pole than the adequacy pole, i.e., a TL-oriented strategy is opted for.

Design of objective lens for 200-kV high-resolution electron microscopes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
M. Naruse
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Stage 1

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Suicide-Related Crimes in Contemporary European Criminal Laws

Crisis ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Henrik Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
National Affair ◽  
Attitudes Towards Suicide ◽  
Special Circumstances

This article describes suicide-related penal legislation in contemporary Europe, and analyzes and relates the results to cultural attitudes towards suicide and to national suicide rates. Data were obtained from 42 legal entities. Of these, 34 have penal regulations which - according to definition - chiefly and directly deal with suicide. There are three main types of act: aiding suicide, abetting suicide, and driving to suicide. The laws vary considerably with regard to which acts are sanctioned, how severely they are punished, and whether any special circumstances such as the motive, the result, or the object can make the crime more serious. Various ideologies have inspired legislation: religions, the euthanasia movement, and suicide prevention have all left their mark. There are some cases in which neighboring legal systems have clearly influenced laws on the topic. However, the process seems mostly to have been a national affair, resulting in surprisingly large discrepancies between European legal systems. The laws seem to reflect public opinions: countries which punish the crimes harder have significantly less permissive cultural attitudes towards suicide. Likewise, suicide rates were significantly higher in countries with a narrow scope of criminalization and milder punishments for suicide-related crimes. The cultural and normative elements of society are connected with its suicide mortality.

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