Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, and the Changing Definition of National Culture

2011 ◽  
pp. 181-209
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals CULTURES CORPORATIONS - HOW NATIONAL CULTURAL PREFERENCES MANIFEST THEMSELVES IN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Geert Hofstede ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Telecommunication Company ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Definition Of

“Organisational culture comprises emotionally acquired behavioural and action controlling value judgements and thinking practices. In the process of socialization within an institution, culture develops steadily and sets people's attitudes and experiences for generations” [3. P. 97] claims Z. Tánczos in his definition of organisational culture. At the same time Geert Hofstede has empirically proved that national culture highly influences not only the culture but also the structure of organisations. The question rises, what happens to an organisational culture when the ownership of a corporation changes hands? This paper seeks to analyse some of the key elements of transition process in organisational culture due to ownership change through a case study of a large multinational telecommunication company

Organizational Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter gives a comprehensive review of the literature on organizational culture. It examines the history and definition of organizational culture and the diverse approaches used to conceptualize it. It also sets out some of the different organizational culture models, emphasizing the Denison model with its four types of culture (mission, adaptability, involvement, and consistency). This chapter also covers the concept of national culture and uses the dimensions of Hofstede's model to shed light on the national culture of UAE, which has common characteristics with other cultures in different regions. It sets out different approaches to measuring organizational culture.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETER’S COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS OF EMOTIVE-EMPATHIC INTERACTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-131
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Communicative Ability ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Consecutive interpretation is a special form of oral communication between people speaking different languages, representing different cultures, and it is carried out in any situation of intercultural communication in order to exchange thoughts, information, knowledge, labor results, products, emotions, values, relationships in the process of interaction. A consecutive interpreter is a mediator of intercultural communication, and the development of emotive-empathic interaction skills of an interpreter promotes the successfullness of such communication. Interpreters’ communicative skills of emotive-empathic interaction within consecutive interpretation may be defined as a communicative and speech act in a foreign language communication implemented independently and in an optimal way. The act is accomplished at the level of interaction-exchange of emotions and relations both in the frames of independent component and in the frames of processing the cognitive and interactive components. This enables to carry out the emotive-empathic interaction under any conditions and new situations of consecutive interpretation thanks to the full totality of qualities. The aim of the paper is to consider issues related to emotions, empathy, their role in the process of communication, and their levels of empathy. Skills of emotive-empathic interactions and relevant to national culture, also the issues of the development of communicative skills in the mentioned interaction of the future interpreters, determined the conditions for their formation are described. In addition the paper presents definition of the communicative ability of the emotive-empathic interaction of future interpreters; considers a set of exercises aimed at the formation of these skills. The results of the scientific research are presented by the set of exercises.

scholarly journals Observations on Trade Law and Globalization

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Sara Dillon
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

I imagine most people with an interest in the subject have their own working definition of globalization. My definition goes something like this: Globalization is at least in part about the spread of mass markets and common tastes, albeit with variations. International trade law, by reducing the possibility that individual countries can “prefer” their own productions, is one of the mechanisms for facilitating the spread of these common tastes. I am by no means implying that the global tastes are elevated ones; in fact, the mass-appeal products sought might be inferior in many ways to what came before. The irony of the franchise, for instance, is thatbetterorworsedoes not matter—only sameness. The important thing is that the tastes are commonly held across a national-culture-free zone, and recognized as such.

scholarly journals On the Assumptions and Postulates of Cultural Linguistics (On the Example of the Definition of Polish PRACA (‘WORK’))

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-45
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bartmiński
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Interpretive Perspective

The study consists of four parts. The first part is devoted to the beginnings of cultural linguistics in Poland, connected with the Wrocław-based programme for research on Polish national culture, the emergence of the “Language and Culture” research network (and a publication series with the same title), and the launch of the Lublin-based journal Etnolingwistyka in 1988. The second part contains examples of linguistic facts being viewed in cultural perspective, with a special role of the lexicon as the “mirror of culture”. Part three presents a repertoire of seven conceptual constructs proposed in Lublin cognitive ethnolinguistics (linguistic worldview, stereotypes as cultural concepts, cognitive definition, viewpoint and interpretive perspective, profiling of base images, values, and the experiencing, conceptualizing, and speaking subject). Finally, the fourth part illustrates the application of this theoretical framework in an analysis of the Polish cultural concept of PRACA ‘WORK’.

scholarly journals An Analysis of American Multiculturalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanxi Chen
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Cultural Ideology ◽  
American Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mainstream Culture ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Homogeneous Culture

Multiculturalism has received fierce controversy and discussion upon its proposal for its complexity in definition and in practice. This research discusses the definition of multiculturalism focusing on the comparison between the term “cultural pluralism” and “multiculturalism”, its influence on American society and its distinct characteristics, which is the claims of equality and identification between different cultures. It is argued that multiculturalism is not only a cultural ideology and a cultural war between the WASP-based mainstream culture and the cultures of the disadvantaged groups, but also a political and economic movement. The research also analyzes the practice of multiculturalism in the fields of political participation, education, race, media and the practice of multiculturalism that targets the disabled people and women. Moreover, the problems arise during the proposal and practice of multiculturalism are presented in the research. It is argued that the relationship between multiculturalism and homogeneous culture is not contradictory but united. A mature, sustainable and energetic national culture needs to seek common ground while recognizing and reserving the differences.

scholarly journals Color Description in Language and Culture (based on Russian-Hungarian dictionaries)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Antonina P. Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Systemic Organization ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Color description comparative analysis might be identified as an important research path of the contemporary language science. The article introduces the methods of Russian-Hungarian vocabulary color description including metaphorical semantics of the color. Due to the vastness of their use in intercultural communication, the relevance of the research is indisputable. It is also due to the interest of linguistics to the problem of the reflection of national culture in the semantics of color terms as a means of lexicographical fixation. The new areas in the work is the identification of the corpus of secondary color terms recorded in dictionaries, the selection of national-specific elements of color terms in the connotative aspects of semantics. Materials and Methods. The material for comparing categories of colors was the color names with the secondary meaning of color from the Russian-Hungarian dictionaries that were not studied in the linguistics. Comparative analysis helped to find the number of the color items, to investigate the correlation and to re-build the system of color to compare the color description in Russian and Hungarian languages. The work has been compiled from Russian-Hungarian dictionaries by Khadrovich & Galdi, Russian-Hungarian dictionaryby Galdi & Uzoni, which contain authoritative lexis and graphical sources as well as grammatical and stylistic commentary on each article. Results and Discussion. The research results in the common corpora of the color items found in Russian-Hungarian dictionaries (single-base words, complex-base words, collocations and idioms). Conclusion. The definition of the color items of color-marking vocabulary in Russian-Hungarian dictionaries showed the primary effect of general language mechanisms, which reflects the adequacy of the lexical color designation systems of the Russian and Hungarian languages. The general properties of color terms in these languages ​​are manifested in their systemic organization, ability to develop polysemy, while national specificity is manifested in the features of color-marking vocabulary. In case of discrepancy or absence of color terms in one of the languages, the compilers of dictionaries resorted to various methods of compensating for the expression of color. The development of compensatory means in the absence of color names in the target language also constitutes the national specificity of the color designation system.

scholarly journals M. Lukšienė’s Insights Evaluating Spread of Educational Tendencies

Pedagogika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Dalia Survutaitė
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
General Context ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Democratic Community ◽  
Modern System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Education Culture

The history of pedagogy accumulates descriptions of educational practice, education ideas are analysed, compared and evaluated. The retrospective analysis of the Lithuanian and foreign research on the history of pedagogy results in discovery of various approaches to analysis of education ideas. The article focuses on the experience of Lithuanian researchers in education to divide education ideas into theories, directions, trends, paradigms and conceptions. The role of Dr. Habil. M.  Lukšienė performed while establishing and developing the modern system of education and nurturing the democratic community of the country is exceptional. M. Lukšienė links the development of pedagogical thought in Lithuania with the issues of national culture. The culturological aspect is a distinguishing feature of her research in the general context of educational research papers written in Lithuania. While evaluating the points of intersections of education culture and human development, the following education directions identified by the researcher are analysed: pragmatic-technological and humanistic-cultural. The article also focuses on the homo humanus education highlighted by Dr. M. Lukšienė. The researcher employs educational trends not for definition of the finished system but for highlighting of their fragmentary expression. The variety of education expression observed in the reality creates conditions for free movement of education fragments and situations as well as for their adjoinment to one or another education stream.

The myth of the universal millennial: comparing millennials’ perceptions of luxury across six countries

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Noël Kapferer ◽  
Pierre Valette-Florence
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Gen X ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to challenge the popular belief among luxury practitioners and researchers that millennials are a homogeneous and disruptive generation of consumers which is redefining luxury according to its terms.Design/methodology/approachThis study first presents comparisons of luxury perception among 1,450 actual luxury consumers between the ages of 18 and 34 years in six main luxury markets, eastern and western, mature and emerging (United States, China, Japan, Germany, France and Brazil). Within each country, millennials' perception of luxury is then compared to the perception held by previous generations (Gen X, baby boomers and seniors).FindingsThe results clearly demonstrate that millennials' definition of luxury is not internationally homogeneous; millennials do not hold a global vision that transcends frontiers. Furthermore, comparisons of luxury perceptions among nonmillennials from the same countries reveal that millennials match their national culture more than a cohesive age culture.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has two main limitations linked to the limited number of surveyed countries, along with a limited sample size of millennials per country. Nonetheless, the results give additional support to the glocalization hypothesis. Yet, as millennials represent 44% of personal luxury goods purchases, they catch attention from both luxury sellers and researchers. Evidence indicates the notion of a “millennial luxury consumer” could be still an empty label.Practical implicationsThe extensive use of the “millennial” label across countries implies generational homogeneity across borders, whereas reality is more diverse. Also despite the fact that luxury brands are highly globalized, the perception of what defines luxury – the hierarchy of its most salient attributes – does vary per country, thus needs specific attention.Originality/valueThe current findings reveal that millennials from the six surveyed countries do not share the same perceptions of luxury traits. Moreover, millennials' definition of luxury mirrors the definition held by nonmillennials from their own country, suggesting a strong cultural influence in each country.

scholarly journals National Culture and the Model of Business Organization for the Case of Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Hysni Terziu
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social System ◽  
First Century ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intercultural Integration

The study of culture of businesses is important for the requirements that today the globalization sets. While the expending of business across borders is becoming more and more common, the national challenges are becoming more and more present. The underestimation of all these trends and their relationship to the culture may a reason for the increase of the number of existing or even of new businesses. The research aims at explaining at how have changed the dimensions of national culture during the initial years of transition and during the continues years. Which are the new values that dominate the business activities in Kosovo? Can we admit that the new values determine the models for activity coordination? The article provides an overview of the dimensions of culture as a determinant of the type of organization. It aims to show the approximate positioning in these structuring forms. The modeling shows at modest way the competitive advantages that the culture offers. The economic contribution of culture shows how should be the models for cordinating the activities which will be the trend in the future. The Twenty-first century is putting Kosovo businesses in front of new perspectives and new challenges, which are added to existing ones and which are becoming even more acute. These all seek even more the attention of their managers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight on how to be organized from the structural and human aspect in order to react according to the culture in many organizations with new innovative ideas, in accordance to the requirements of the time in order to have an effect on the social system, on lifestyle, on economic system and on the organization of units in this system. All these help on the definition of basic models of organizations with a strategic planning as a condition for intercultural integration and coordination - national and international.

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