Implications, Limitations, and Future Research

This chapter aims to explain the different implications of the research results, including theoretical implications, and how the findings contribute to the body of knowledge, and the practical implications for managers and decision makers in organizations. These include how they could use the research findings to achieve better results in customer, employee, society, and overall performance areas by developing the right types of organizational culture and using the right ICT tools. This chapter also sets out the research limitations and provides recommendations for future research based on the findings and experience from this study.

Business Excellence

This chapter gives a broad review of the literature on business excellence. It considers the rise of business excellence and the meaning of the term, together with the use of business excellence models and awards. It focuses in particular on the fundamental concepts of excellence and the four criteria in the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model (customer results, people results, society results, and business results). There are a number of different international approaches used to measure business excellence in general and in UAE in particular, including the UAE-based business excellence scheme and Sheikh Khalifa Excellence Award. In addition, this chapter covers the concept of Information communication technology in general and its application in UAE.

Organizational Culture

This chapter gives a comprehensive review of the literature on organizational culture. It examines the history and definition of organizational culture and the diverse approaches used to conceptualize it. It also sets out some of the different organizational culture models, emphasizing the Denison model with its four types of culture (mission, adaptability, involvement, and consistency). This chapter also covers the concept of national culture and uses the dimensions of Hofstede's model to shed light on the national culture of UAE, which has common characteristics with other cultures in different regions. It sets out different approaches to measuring organizational culture.

Results and Discussion of the Results

This chapter aims to share and discuss the data analysis results and relate them to previous studies. Some tentative proposals and arguments are put forward. The discussion is split into five sections. The first section covers the relationship between organizational culture types and customer results, the second the relationship between culture types and people results, the third society results, the fourth business results, and the final section the moderating role of ICT use on the relationships between organizational culture types and each business excellence criterion.

Research Methodology, Questionnaire, Sampling, Data Analysis Techniques

The previous chapter developed the research model and hypotheses. This chapter now explains the methodology. It gives more information on the research variables, including the independent, dependent, and moderator variables, and discusses the research sample size and sampling frame, together with the justification for choice of sampling technique. It describes the pilot study and reports on the reliability of the scales chosen. It explains the data collection procedure for the main study, including activities related to the administration of the research questionnaire and communication with the target companies, and provides details of the number of responses received from each company and the response rate. It also covers ethical considerations, including the actions taken to maintain the respondents' anonymity and protect data from unauthorized use.

Organizational Culture and Business Excellence, ICT and Organizational Culture, ICT and Business Excellence

The aim of this chapter is to build the research argument by reviewing the most relevant literature on the relationships between the study variables. The literature covers the general associations between organizational culture and business excellence and highlights the most significant findings in identifying the relationships. Then the focus shifts to the relationship between individual culture types and business excellence criteria. This is done by examining the relationship between each type of culture (mission, adaptability, involvement, and consistency) and its attributes and each of the results criteria (customer, people, society, and business results) in turn. This chapter also discusses the interactions between ICT and both organizational culture and the business excellence results criteria, setting out the research hypotheses required to answer the research questions.