scholarly journals From Ang moh 紅毛 to Phi jun 批准: The Role of Southern Min in Early Contacts between Chinese and European Languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-51
Keyword(s):  
European Languages ◽  
Southern Min

scholarly journals Teaching russian as a foreign language in the modern educational paradigm: training dictionaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Liudmila Alexandrovna Iniutina ◽  
Tatiana Sergeevna Shilnikova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Independent Work

The work is devoted to the problem of intensification of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the process of formation and development of the lexical competence of students. The role of educational dictionaries of various types is emphasized. The Experimental Electronic Multilingual Dictionary of Military Terms is presented. It is based on ABBYY Lingvo software for teaching Russian to foreign students of military universities. His vocabulary includes a special vocabulary describing various segments of military activity (weapons, equipment, commands, military life, etc.). For each word there are translations into European languages (boi - English batttle, combat; French combat (m); Portuguese combate) and Asian languages (Laos ; Arabic ; Pashto ). The potential of an electronic multilingual dictionary in the implementation of multicultural and professionally oriented teaching of Russian as a foreign language in a non-linguistic university is identified. The role of the electronic translated multilingual thesaurus in the formation of speech professional competence, which ensures the removal of language barriers in the study of military-technical sciences by foreigners, is determined. The universality of the dictionary is characterized. It was created taking into account those national languages whose speakers receive special education in Russian military universities, and provides opportunities for the redistribution of classroom and independent work of students. Its effectiveness has been proven as a tool for modern interactive, multilingual and multicultural education.

An outline of Macau Pidgin Portuguese

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Li ◽  
Stephen Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Early Stages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Interethnic Communication

In the early stages of the China trade European traders knew nothing of Chinese, while the Chinese traders were equally ignorant of European languages. It was in this setting that pidgin languages developed for interethnic communication. While the role of Chinese Pidgin English in the China trade is fairly well-understood (see Baker 1987; Baker & Mühlhäusler 1990; Bolton 2003; Ansaldo 2009), the use of pidgin Portuguese is poorly documented and our understanding of it is correspondingly limited (Tryon, Mühlhäusler & Baker 1996). In this article we discuss what can be learnt from a newly transcribed phrasebook — the Compendium of Assorted Phrases in Macau Pidgin. We first review the use of contact varieties of Portuguese in the China trade. We then introduce the contents and layout of the Compendium and explain the transcription practices adopted for the phrasebook. Grammatical features contained in the phrasebook are examined and illustrated. We conclude with an examination of the significance of the Compendium in enriching our understanding of pidgin Portuguese and its relationship with Macau Creole Portuguese as well as Chinese Pidgin English.

scholarly journals The pragmatic function of intonation in English and Slovene

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Smiljana Komar
Keyword(s):  
European Languages ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Prime Function

The article examines the pragmatic role of intonation whose prime function is to enable the hearer to make inferences from the utterance's context in order to enrich the interpretation. Intonation does not alter the sense of lexical items. Instead it provides the hearer with an opportunity to choose between different interpretations at the lexico-syntactic level. The intonation systems of different European languages exhibit quite a large number of similarities regarding the pragmatic role of intonation. The analysis of the communicative functions of tone, key and termination in English and Slovene was an attempt to prove the hypothesis of natural, iconic-meanings of intonation.

scholarly journals Russification of Muslim Central Asia: An Overview of Language, Culture and Society

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Sana Hussan ◽  
Syed Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian Society

Russian influence in Muslim Muslim Central Asia was far reaching. The transformational force of Russian presence first emerged in the administrative setup and governance, soon it spread to the domain of education and sociocultural symbols. The Muslim Central Asian society lost its connection with Muslim world in neighborhood as Russian alphabets, lexemes and structures. The Tsarist era initiated these changes but its scope remained limited. In quest for making the Muslim Central Asians emulate the role of “new Russian man” the Soviet era used force to popularize and cultivate Russian language and culture. However, the distrust among Russian diaspora and Muslim Central Asian local population was deep seated. Once the Soviet Union fell, the demographic and linguistic changes were attacked by nationalists. Despite the post-1991 attempts, Russian language is still dominant in Muslim Central Asia as compared to English and other modern European languages

Translations of the Qur’an: Islamicate Languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 551-564
Author(s):  
M. Brett Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of

This chapter surveys scholarly literature on Qur’anic translations into non-European languages—in this sample, Swahili, Persian, Turkish, Mandarin Chinese, and Malay. It highlights the foci and problems of research in the field and examines, in broad strokes, the history of translations and their relationship with vernacular commentaries. The piece is arranged according to the evolution of the genre in its various formats—interlinear translations, commentary translations, and modern translation. Additionally, it considers the role of print technology, Christian missionaries, and Muslim reformist movements in cultivating a modern genre of Qur’anic translation.

Cultural adaptations

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-483
Author(s):  
Anne Becker ◽  
Yuko Asano-Cavanagh ◽  
Grace Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

Abstract Linguistic and pragmatic aspects of the translation of politeness in contemporary novels were examined under the theoretical framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) (Toury 1995) and Newmark’s functional theory (1988). The analysis revealed that linguistic expressions tied to socio-cultural meaning and values were often neutralised due to the avoidance of creating non-normal target text expressions. Normalising culture-specific expressions was a strategy adopted by translators, enabling target language readers to relate to the stories according to their own cultural understanding. Notable differences in strategies to render texts were found across translators. From an educational perspective, this research provides realistic examples for intercultural language teaching and learning. An important implication is that the findings highlight the fact that, unlike European languages that share roots with English, a universal theory and approach to translation is not viable due to socio-cultural meaning and values that are specific to Japanese culture. The study also contributes to social psychology and consideration of the role of culture in understanding universal and culturally specific values and the attribution of meaning in collectivist and individualist societies.

scholarly journals The role of prefixes in the formation of aspectuality

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Slavic Linguistics

One of the most widely debated topics in Slavic linguistics has always been verbal aspect, which takes different forms because of the various grammaticalization paths which led to its emergence. In the formation of the category of aspect in Slavic languages, a key role was played by the morphological mechanism of prefixation (a.k.a. preverbation), whereby the prefixes (which originally performed the function of markers of adverbial meanings) came to act as markers of boundedness. This volume contains thirteen articles on the mechanism of prefixation, written by leading international scholars in the field of verbal aspect. Ancient and modern Slavic varieties, as well as non-Slavic and even non-Indo-European languages, are represented, making the volume an original and significant contribution to Slavic as well as typological linguistics.

European analytic causatives as a comparative concept: Evidence from a parallel corpus of film subtitles

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Levshina
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Probabilistic Semantic ◽  
Comparative Concept ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

AbstractThis study investigates formal and functional variation in analytic causatives (ACs) in eighteen European languages from the Indo-European and Uralic language families. Employing the comparative concept approach, the paper presents a probabilistic semantic map of the main functions of ACs on the basis of a multilingual parallel corpus of film subtitles. This method enables us to detect common dimensions of semantic variation in ACs and to pinpoint cross-linguistic commonalities in the form–meaning mapping. The paper also presents three case studies, which test previous hypotheses about the grammaticalization clines in Romance and Germanic and facts of language contact between German and Slavic languages. The role of language contact is further explored in quantitative analyses that compare how the languages “carve up” the semantic space of causation. The results of this comparison suggest that frequently occurring semantically vague ACs may be regarded as a feature of Standard Average European.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and areal models of Indo-European relatedness: The role of contact in reconstruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Drinka
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Linguistic Innovation ◽  
European Family

The Indo-European family has traditionally been viewed as a textbook example of genetically related languages, easily fit onto a family tree model. What is less often recognized, however, is that IE also provides considerable evidence for the operation of contact among these related languages, discernable in the layers of innovation that certain varieties share. In this paper, I claim that the family tree model as it is usually depicted, discretely divided and unaffected by external influence, may be a useful representation of language relatedness, but is inadequate as a model of change, especially in its inability to represent the crucial role of contact in linguistic innovation. The recognition of contact among Indo-European languages has implications not only for the geographical positioning of IE languages on the map of Eurasia, but also for general theoretical characterizations of change: the horizontal, areal nature of change implies a stratification of data, a layered distribution of archaic and innovative features, which can help us grasp where contact, and innovation, has or has not occurred.

scholarly journals Voluntaristic Socialism: An Examination of the Implications of Hendrik de Man's Ideology

1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-417
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Important Work ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
De Man

With the publication in 1926 ofZur Psychologie des Sozialismusthe hitherto obscure Belgian radical Hendrik de Man became a figure of international import in socialist circles. The work, aptly retitled in some later editions as Beyond Marxism, was a categorical and comprehensive challenge to the ideological monopoly that Marxism had long maintained on the dominant forms of the Continental labor and socialist movements. The appearance of the book in German, the author explained, was particularly appropriate in view of the role of that language in the historical development of Marxist theory, as well as because of the critical importance of Germany to the socialist movement. The treatise rapidly received broader circulation by translation into some ten European languages, and enjoyed 14 editions; it provoked the comment of just about every socialist theoretician on the Continent, excited the attention of academics, and made its author the center of violent controversy. If the declarations of Bernard Lavergne and Hermann Keyserling that it was the most important work in socialist theory sinceDas Kapitalcould be dismissed as extravagant and interested, Theodor Heuss' more modest judgment that this was “the weightiest analysis of the Marxist thinker [i.e., Marx] and his effects that up to now has been attempted from the explicitly socialist side” carried telling conviction. The stature of the author was soon confirmed by the awesomely authoritativeArchiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitikthrough the appearance in its pages of de Man's reviews of the newest publications concerned with the problems of the worker in industrial society, and there was even an abortive attempt made on the part of fellow-thinkers to launch a periodical with de Man as editor-in-chief.

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