Rare sporophyte found in Europe for Herbertus sendtneri with a range expansion to Africa and Malesia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
XIAOLAN HE ◽  
YU SUN
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

The sporophytes of the genus Herbertus are rare or completely absent in some areas. The first discovery of the sporophyte of Herbertus in Europe, on H. sendtneri from a herbarium specimen collected in Austria in 1851, is reported here. We report that finely papillose spores characterize Herbertus species which have originated in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas the spores of the species which have originated in the Southern Hemisphere are tuberculate or shortly spinulose. Based on morphological studies of over 600 herbarium specimens of Herbertus, supported by previously published molecular phylogenetic studies, H. armitanus and H. circinatus are new synonyms of H. sendtneri. It is distinct from other Northern Hemisphere species by its coarsely toothed leaf base, despite large variation in leaf size and shape, and leaf apex cilia. The range of H. sendtneri is now extended to east Africa (Tanzania) and Malesia (Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands).

On the taxonomic status of the genus Dichodon (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Alsineae): morphological and molecular evidence reassessed

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (3) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHRA ARABI ◽  
FARROKH GHAHREMANINEJAD ◽  
RICHARD K. RABELER ◽  
IRINA SOKOLOVA ◽  
GÜNTHER HEUBL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
New Synonymy

The status of the genus Dichodon has long been debated, and its taxonomic position in tribe Alsineae has been changed during the time from a section or subgenus in Cerastium to genus sister to Holosteum. This group comprises important members of wet meadows in alpine and subalpine vegetation of Europe, arctic regions, and SW-Asia plus one species known as a weed in N-America, and a further one occuring in mountains of Taiwan. In order to clarify the taxonomic questions concerning this group and its species delimitation, we constructed phylogenetic trees, selecting several species belonging to tribe Alsineae as representatives of major lineages of this tribe as well as several accessions of Dichodon. Morphological studies focused more intensively on members of Dichodon using herbarium specimens and direct field examinations. The results confirm those of recent molecular phylogenetic studies, indicating Dichodon as a monophyletic genus sister to Holosteum and not Cerastium. In addition, the obtained cladograms support five distinct groups in Dichodon corresponding to five species of this genus we recognize in Iran, the focal area of this study. Seed micromorphology provides strong support for the recognition of Dichodon as a separate genus, but it is not informative at species and subspecies ranks due to constancy of most of seed characters within the genus. As part of this study, a new species—Dichodon alborzensis—is described, D. kotschyi is reported in Iran for the first time, and Cerastium schischkinii is placed in synonymy (new synonymy) under D. kotschyi.

New and known species of the genus Pungentus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 (Dorylaimida, Nordiidae) from Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Heydari ◽  
F. Gharibzadeh ◽  
E. Pourjam ◽  
M. Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
System Body

Abstract This contribution provides morphological and molecular data for one new and one known species of the genus Pungentus. The first species, P. azarbaijanensis n. sp., was recovered from the rhizospheric soil of grasses, collected in West Azarbaijan province, Iran, and was characterized by 2082–2365 μm long females having an angular lip region separated from the rest of the body by a constriction, 33–35 μm long odontostyle, vulva at 43.5–51.0%, 27.0–29.5 μm long rounded-conoid tail, and males unknown. It was compared morphologically with five species: P. angulosus, P. crassus, P. marietani, P. parapungens and P. pungens, which have didelphic-amphidelphic female reproductive system, body longer than 1.5 mm, and odontostyle longer than 20 μm. The second species, P. engadinensis, was recovered in three different regions of Iran (Mazandaran, Semnan and East Azarbaijan provinces). It was compared morphologically with some other populations reported all over the world. Besides morphological studies, molecular phylogenetic studies using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 fragments were performed, and the phylogenetic relations of the two Iranian populations with other species and genera were discussed.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in leaf size and shape in response to climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoqi Li ◽  
Dongting Zou ◽  
Nawal Shrestha ◽  
Xiaoting Xu ◽  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Morphological variation of leaves is a key indicator of plant response to climatic change. Leaf size and shape are associated with carbon, water and energy exchange of plants with their environment. However, whether and how leaf size and shape responded to climate change over the past decades remains poorly studied. Moreover, many studies have only explored inter- but not intraspecific variation in leaf size and shape across space and time. Methods We collected >6000 herbarium specimens spanning 98 years (1910–2008) in China for seven representative dicot species and measured their leaf length and width. We explored geographical patterns and temporal trends in leaf size (i.e. leaf length, leaf width and length × width product) and shape (i.e. length/width ratio), and investigated the effects of changes in precipitation and temperature over time and space on the variation in leaf size and shape. Important Findings After accounting for the effects of sampling time, leaf size decreased with latitude for all species combined, but the relationship varied among species. Leaf size and shape were positively correlated with temperature and precipitation across space. After accounting for the effects of sampling locations, leaf size of all species combined increased with time. Leaf size changes over time were mostly positively correlated with precipitation, whereas leaf shape changes were mostly correlated with temperature. Overall, our results indicate significant spatial and temporal intraspecific variation in leaf size and shape in response to climate. Our study also demonstrates that herbarium specimens collected over a considerable period of time provide a good resource to study the impacts of climate change on plant morphological traits.

Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 460 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-58
Author(s):  
ANA RAQUEL LOURENÇO ◽  
GEORGE P. BURTON ◽  
MARCCUS ALVES ◽  
EVE LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
One New Species

Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes is a section of the Neotropical genus Myrcia ranging from Mexico and the Caribbean to northern Argentina with ca. 260 known species. In Brazil ca. 78 species are known, of which ca. 53 are endemic, occurring mainly in the Atlantic and Amazon domains, with few species in the Caatinga and Cerrado. This paper is a taxonomic revision of 38 species from the Atlantic Forest including one newly described species Myrcia botryophylla. The treatment provides an identification key, taxonomic descriptions, phenology and geographic distribution information, nomenclatural updates, synonymy, and illustrations of the main morphological characters. The main character used for differentiating species is inflorescence pattern, but observation of several further characters including leaf size and shape, flower buds and indument assists in species determination. Of the 38 species recognized 29 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain and 9 occur in the Amazon, Cerrado and/or other habitats in South and Central America. Twenty-two new synonyms are proposed, two new combinations are made and 29 lectotypes are designated. One new species is described.

Systematic Revision of Papillaria (Meteoriaceae, Bryophyta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-438
Author(s):  
Juliana R. P. M. de Oliveira ◽  
Dietmar Quandt ◽  
Angela E. Newton ◽  
Kátia C. Pôrto ◽  
Thien-Tam Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Nuclear Its

Abstract—A systematic revision of the tropical moss genus Papillaria was carried out by combining morphological studies with phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data from the plastid (trnL-F and rpl16) and the nuclear (ITS region) genomes. For the morphological study a set of qualitative and quantitative features was studied in over 2800 herbarium specimens, including the types, of all 55 previously accepted species in the genus. After revision, nine species of Papillaria were recognized, Papillaria crocea and P. flexicaulis which are broadly distributed in the tropics, P. africana that is endemic to Africa, P. laevifolia that is known from the Americas, and P. flavolimbata, P. funiformis, P. leuconeura, P. nitens, and P. zeloflexicaulis that are known from Australia and the Pacific Islands. The majority of the other previously accepted names do not belong to Papillaria s. s. but to the closely related genera Toloxis and Meteorium. We propose five new synonyms under P. africana as well as one new synonym for P. crocea and one for P. laevifolia. The revision reduced the number of Papillaria species in Africa from ten to one and in South America from thirteen to three. We extend the geographic range of P. crocea due to a new record from eastern South America (Brazil).

The Eriochilus dilatatus (Orchidaceae) complex in Western Australia: subspecies taxonomy is not supported by consistent differences in morphology or distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Brundrett ◽  
Timothy A. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Western Australian

A detailed study of taxonomic features of the Eriochilus dilatatus (Orchidaceae) complex (white bunny orchids) in Western Australia found that there were no consistent differences among most subspecies when herbarium specimens or living plants were compared. These subspecies were originally segregated primarily by differences in leaf size and shape and the number of flowers produced, but a critical examination of herbarium specimens found that these features were highly inconsistent within taxa. These features were also found to be highly variable over time and space within populations of living plants. The distribution patterns, habitat preferences and flowering times of these taxa were found to overlap, even for subspecies brevifolius and orientalis, which occupy the northern and eastern limits of the distribution of this species. Eriochilus dilatatus subsp. magnus and subsp. multiflorus were shown to be synonyms of subsp. dilatatus, whereas subsp. undulatus and subsp. orientalis are synonymised under subsp. brevifolius. As a result of this study, the two recognised subspecies are subsp. dilatatus and subsp. brevifolius, which can be readily separated by plant height, flower numbers and leaf morphology, except for a few intermediate plants where ranges overlap. New keys and descriptions to these taxa are provided. The reasons for previous taxonomic confusion in this group and in many other Western Australian orchids are discussed and research approaches to resolve these issues are suggested.

Morphometric Analysis as a Tool to Resolve a Taxonomic Complex in Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae, Myrteae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016-1025
Author(s):  
George P. Burton ◽  
Keron C. St. E. Campbell ◽  
Eve J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Associated Species

Abstract— Specimens attributed to Myrcia chytraculia and associated species form a complex within M. sect. Calyptranthes, occurring sympatrically throughout the Caribbean and Central America and sharing a continuously variable suite of morphometric traits. To ascertain whether species within this complex should be treated as separate or conspecific taxa, seven morphometric traits and a further two discrete characters are analysed using univariate and multivariate statistics. Leaf size and shape are found to be indicative of subspecies, and significant mean differences of traits can be found between groups, though they overlap throughout the range of the M. chytraculia complex. As a result of these findings, updated taxonomy for this group is proposed, creating the new combinations Myrcia chytraculia var. americana, Myrcia chytraculia var. pauciflora, and M. chytraculia var. zuzygium, as well as seven new synonyms. A distribution map and a key to the new varieties are also included.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of Dorstenia (Moraceae) reveals the polyphyletic nature of its neotropical sections

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Dias Machado Filho ◽  
Leandro Cardoso Pederneiras ◽  
Vitor Hugo Maia ◽  
Andrea Ferreira da Costa ◽  
Vidal de Freitas Mansano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Main Clade ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Abstract Dorstenia, the second largest genus of Moraceae, comprises nine sections that are mainly found in Africa and America. Two of them are woody macrospermous, and the other seven are herbaceous microspermous. There are three sections in the Neotropics, all of which are herbaceous and taxonomically complex owing to their great morphological similarity. The most recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Dorstenia suggested that the neotropical sections are polyphyletic. These studies also showed that the neotropical species represent a sister group to an African woody macrospermous grade rather than African herbaceous microspermous plants. We have now expanded the number of taxa sampled and included other molecular markers to determine whether the previous phylogeny are to be corroborated or whether new taxonomic interpretations are to be followed. This study inferred the phylogeny of the group based on ITS, ETS, and trnL-F regions from 40 of the 58 neotropical species and added a new African taxon, thus including 17 of the 60 known species. Our results reaffirmed the polyphyletic nature of the neotropical sections. Dorstenia sect. Acauloma emerged within the main clade of D. sect. Kosaria (both African species), a result that confirms the affinity of these taxa already observed in previous morphological studies. We suggest Dorstenia sect. Dorstenia as the only neotropical section.

scholarly journals Type studies on Archilejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta): five new synonyms and a new combination

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Qin Shi ◽  
S. Robbert Gradstein ◽  
Rui-Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
New Combination ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
Type Studies

Archilejeunea (Spruce 1884: 88) Stephani (1888: 113) is a pantropical genus with about 28 species in two subgenera, subg. Archilejeunea with five species and the remaining ones in subg. Dibrachiella (Spruce 1884: 90) Schiffner (1893: 130) (Gradstein & Buskes 1985). The genus has been well-studied in the Neotropics and Australia (Gradstein & Buskes 1985; Thiers & Gradstein 1989; Gradstein 1994; Gradstein & Schäfer-Verwimp 2012) but the treatments of the African and Asiatic species are incomplete or outdated (e.g., Stephani 1911; Verdoorn 1934; Vanden Berghen 1951; Udar & Awasthi 1981a, 1982; Mizutani 1993; Gradstein et al. 2002). Several species have not been studied since their first publication. Moreover, recent molecular-phylogenetic studies indicate that Archilejeunea is not monophyletic (Wilson et al. 2007). Members of A. subg. Archilejeunea were resolved in a clade with Caudalejeunea (Stephani 1890: 18) Schiffner (1893: 129) and Schiffneriolejeunea Verdoorn (1933: 89), while those of A. subg. Dibrachiella resolved in a distant clade with species of Spruceanthus Verdoorn (1934: 151) and Ptychanthus Nees (1838: 211). As a result, the genus urgently needs revision.

scholarly journals Phylogenomics resolves the deep phylogeny of seed plants and indicates partial convergent or homoplastic evolution between Gnetales and angiosperms

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1881) ◽  
pp. 20181012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Ran ◽  
Ting-Ting Shen ◽  
Ming-Ming Wang ◽  
Xiao-Quan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Evolutionary Rates

After decades of molecular phylogenetic studies, the deep phylogeny of gymnosperms has not been resolved, and the phylogenetic placement of Gnetales remains one of the most controversial issues in seed plant evolution. To resolve the deep phylogeny of seed plants and to address the sources of phylogenetic conflict, we conducted a phylotranscriptomic study with a sampling of all 13 families of gymnosperms and main lineages of angiosperms. Multiple datasets containing up to 1 296 042 sites across 1308 loci were analysed, using concatenation and coalescence approaches. Our study generated a consistent and well-resolved phylogeny of seed plants, which places Gnetales as sister to Pinaceae and thus supports the Gnepine hypothesis. Cycads plus Ginkgo is sister to the remaining gymnosperms. We also found that Gnetales and angiosperms have similar molecular evolutionary rates, which are much higher than those of other gymnosperms. This implies that Gnetales and angiosperms might have experienced similar selective pressures in evolutionary histories. Convergent molecular evolution or homoplasy is partially responsible for the phylogenetic conflicts in seed plants. Our study provides a robustly reconstructed backbone phylogeny that is important for future molecular and morphological studies of seed plants, in particular gymnosperms, in the light of evolution.

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