Typification for reliable application of subspecific names within Peridinium cinctum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

The application of scientific names is determined by means of nomenclatural types, and every name has to be typified properly. The concept has limitations for unicellular organisms, because original material frequently consists of drawings and/or inadequately preserved physical material. Peridinium cinctum is an abundant freshwater microalga and variable in both morphology and genotype. Morphological variation is mainly expressed in its epithecal conformation: shape deviations of plates, plate rearrangements, plate fusion and plate additions. Different epithecal conformations were traditionally described as either varieties of P. cinctum or were established as closely related species. Despite this, relations between varieties, ribotypes and geographic locations were oversighted, and the full spectrum of plate variation in P. cinctum is still not well represented. For this reason, we sampled localities in Germany and Poland, from which varieties of P. cinctum were described a century ago. We cultivated monoclonal strains, exhibiting two distinct ITS ribotypes, and assessed their epithecal variation of morphology. Based on ca 2,500 observations of individual cells we report a plethora of both plate and suture deviations from the archetypical epithecal conformation of P. cinctum. Morphologies corresponding to previously described varieties were rare, even at their type localities. Nevertheless, we found morphologies consistent with protologues in four cases and use this material for epitypification. These varieties are now linked to specific DNA sequences, allowing reliable application of scientific names for future studies.

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A reassessment of Dioon merolae (Zamiaceae) leads to the description of Dioon salas-moralesae, a new cycad species from Southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.528.2.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 528 (2) ◽

pp. 93-110

Author(s):

JOSÉ SAID GUTIÉRREZ-ORTEGA ◽

MIGUEL ANGEL PÉREZ-FARRERA ◽

JEFFREY CHEMNICK ◽

TIMOTHY J. GREGORY

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Related Species ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Morphometric Variation ◽

Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Recent Evaluation

The cycad genus Dioon comprises 17 species from Mexico and Honduras, all of them delimited based on their morphological variation and geographic distribution. A recent evaluation of the biological variation among Dioon populations from Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico, demonstrated that the concept of the species Dioon merolae actually consists of three lineages that should be recognized as different taxa. One lineage was already described as Dioon oaxacensis, leaving the concept of Dioon merolae comprising two lineages distributed on both sides of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. However, there are conspicuous morphological differences between these two lineages. Here, we tested whether such a differentiation within the concept of Dioon merolae merits the differentiation of two different taxa. We evaluated the qualitative and morphometric variation among populations belonging to the Dioon merolae lineages, and compared it with the closely related species Dioon oaxacensis. Morphological observations and statistical tests demonstrated that the populations of southeastern Oaxaca, traditionally considered as part of Dioon merolae, represent a distinct species that we described as Dioon salas-moralesae. Identifying the diagnostic characters of this new species helps enable an understanding of the criteria that should be considered to delineate the boundaries between other cycad species.

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AN ANALYSIS OF INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN TWO CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF AMBLYSEIUS BERLESE USING METHODS OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMY (ACARINA: PHYTOSEHDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent1091605-12 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 109 (12) ◽

pp. 1605-1618 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.A. Chant ◽

R.I.C. Hansell ◽

H.J. Rowell

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Related Species ◽

Numerical Taxonomy ◽

Valid Species ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Multivariate Tests ◽

Taxonomic Methods ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Intraspecific Morphological Variation

AbstractMorphological variation between two closely related species in the genus Amblyseius Berlese was examined by numerical taxonomic methods. Multivariate tests indicated that A. canadensis Chant and Hansell and A. novaescotiae (Chant) represent two separate and distinct morphological groups. This supports their taxonomic retention as valid species. Intraspecific morphological variation was also examined and found to be correlated with climatic and host plant variables.

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Are polymorphic species of Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) more successful evolutionarily?—A case study of closely related species from the genus Oodinychus Berlese, 1917 based on DNA sequences

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.5.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 866

Author(s):

Jerzy Błoszyk ◽

Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽

Anna Maria Bobowicz ◽

Alina Bączkiewicz ◽

Zbigniew Adamski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Related Species ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Genetic Differences ◽

Similar Species ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Wide Range

The study presented in this research paper is the first taxonomic investigation focusing on Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) mites with a brief discussion of the genetic differences of two very closely related species from the genus Oodinychus Berlese, 1917, i.e. O. ovalis (C.L. Koch, 1839) and O. karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903). These two morphologically similar species are quite common and they have a wide range of occurrence in Europe. They also live in almost the same types of habitat. However, O. ovalis usually exhibits higher abundance and frequency of occurrence. The major aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the systematic position, morphological and biological differences, as well as habitat preferences and distribution of O. ovalis and O. karawaiewi. The next aim was to ascertain whether the differences in number and frequency of these species may stem from the genetic differences at the molecular level (16S rDNA and COI). The study shows that O. ovalis, which is a more abundant species than O. karawaiewi, turned out to be genetically more polymorphic.

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Comparing Medicinal Uses of Cochlospermaceae throughout Its Geographic Range with Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d10040123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susannah Johnson-Fulton ◽

Linda Watson

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Related Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetics ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Continental Scale ◽

Chloroplast Markers ◽

Geographic Regions

Species of the Cochlospermaceae, a small mostly pantropical plant family, were evaluated at a continental scale for medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This ethnobotanical information was placed in a phylogenetic framework to make informed predictions in the search for new medicines and bioactive compounds. Medicinal plant-use data were mapped onto a molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers. Associations of medicinal uses among closely related species occurring in different geographic regions and among diverse cultures were evaluated. The most common medicinal uses for these species are those used to treat skin ailments, gastro-intestinal problems, malaria, and liver issues. The plant species with the most numerous uses is Cochlospermum tinctorium, which occurs primarily in West Africa. Closely related species being used by cultural groups in different geographic regions to treat the same illnesses suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential biomedical value, since they may represent independent discoveries of similar medicinally-active compounds. This leads to the speculation that those closely related species not currently being used to treat these ailments may also contain identical or similar medicinally-active compounds and are worthy of laboratory investigations.

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Additions to Taiwan fungal flora 2: Ophiosphaerella taiwanica sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.413.1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 413 (1) ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽

E. B. GARETH JONES

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Related Species ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

New Taxon ◽

The Novel ◽

Fungal Flora ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Natural Classification

The genus Ophiosphaerella contains 14 formerly illustrated species and is characterized by papillated ascomata bearing fissitunicate cylindrical asci frequently narrower near the base, with a short furcate pedicel and filamentous, pale brown, multi-septate ascospores without swollen cells or separating into part spores. We describe an Ophiosphaerella taxon that is new to science isolated from Yushania niitakayamensis in Cilai Mountain, Taiwan. We conducted polyphasic methods using single and multi-locus (ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α) phylogenetic reconstruction united with morphology to evaluate the natural classification of the novel taxon. The results show that our Ophiosphaerella isolates are different from closely related species O. aquaticus and O. agrostidis based on distinct size differences of the ascomata, asci, ascospores, host and DNA sequences data, thus should be recognised here as a new taxon Ophiosphaerella taiwanica sp. nov.

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Evidence for Persistent Heteroplasmy and Ancient Recombination in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Edible Yellow Chanterelles From Southwestern China and Europe

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.699598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Zhang ◽

Shaojuan Wang ◽

Haixia Li ◽

Chunli Liu ◽

Fei Mi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Related Species ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Nuclear Genome ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Mitochondrial Genomes ◽

Mitochondrial Recombination ◽

Geographic Locations ◽

Mitochondrial Atp Synthase

Mitochondrial genes and genomes have patterns of inheritance that are distinctly different from those of nuclear genes and genomes. In nature, the mitochondrial genomes in eukaryotes are generally considered non-recombining and homoplasmic. If heteroplasmy and recombination exist, they are typically very limited in both space and time. Here we show that mitochondrial heteroplasmy and recombination may not be limited to a specific population nor exit only transiently in the basidiomycete Cantharellus cibarius and related species. These edible yellow chanterelles are an ecologically very important group of fungi and among the most prominent wild edible mushrooms in the Northern Hemisphere. At present, very little is known about the genetics and population biology of these fungia cross large geographical distances. Our study here analyzed a total of 363 specimens of edible yellow chanterelles from 24 geographic locations in Yunnan in southwestern China and six geographic locations in five countries in Europe. For each mushroom sample, we obtained the DNA sequences at two genes, one in the nuclear genome and one in the mitochondrial genome. Our analyses of the nuclear gene, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1) and the DNA barcode of C. cibarius and related species, suggested these samples belong to four known species and five potential new species. Interestingly, analyses of the mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 6 (atp6) gene fragment revealed evidence of heteroplasmy in two geographic samples in Yunnan and recombination within the two new putative species in Yunnan. Specifically, all four possible haplotypes at two polymorphic nucleotide sites within the mitochondrial atp6 gene were found distributed across several geographic locations in Yunnan. Furthermore, these four haplotypes were broadly distributed across multiple phylogenetic clades constructed based on nuclear tef-1 sequences. Our results suggest that heteroplasmy and mitochondrial recombination might have happened repeatedly during the evolution of the yellow chanterelles. Together, our results suggest that the edible yellow chanterelles represent an excellent system from which to study the evolution of mitochondrial-nuclear genome relationships.

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Molecular phylogenetics of species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Malaxidae) based on nrITS and plastid rbcL and matK

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.226.1.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 226 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Passorn Wonnapinij ◽

Ajaraporn Sriboonlert

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Related Species ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Molecular Phylogenetics ◽

Nuclear Region ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Vegetative Characters ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias and related taxa in Bulbophyllum has not been previously studied due to scarcity of appropriate samples. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of these taxa and investigate interspecific relationships of these orchids using DNA sequences from two plastid genes, rbcL and matK, and one nuclear region, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, nrITS. Our results showed that all Bulbophyllum sect. Trias species were embedded among other groups of Bulbophyllum, supporting the already published transfer of Trias to synonymy of Bulbophyllum. All trees revealed that the Indochinese sect. Trias form a monophyletic group that could be divided into three groups coincident with their vegetative characters. This study further shows that nrITS sequences can be sufficient for inferring phylogenetic relationship among Trias species, although this marker and the combination of this plus the plastid genes are not able to distinguish the differences between some closely related species.

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Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Pacific salmonid evolution

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z86-158 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 1058-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

W. Kelley Thomas ◽

Ruth E. Withler ◽

Andrew T. Beckenbach

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Related Species ◽

Life Histories ◽

Chum Salmon ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Closely Related Species

The salmonids of Pacific North America are a group of closely related species with complex life histories and interesting distribution. Previous studies of their evolution and population structure have involved classical morphological and genetic techniques. We have analysed both intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the five North American species of the genus Oncorhynchus and the rainbow trout species, Salmo gairdneri. Cleavage sites for 13 different restriction enzymes were sampled, comparing an average of 48 sites per individual, or approximately 1.7% of the genome. No obvious size variation in the 16 500 ± 500 base pair length was observed. Levels of intraspecific variation detected in the chum salmon and rainbow trout were 0.24 ± 0.23 and 0.45 ± 0.26%, respectively. This variation was population specific; no variation was detected within any of the populations sampled, suggesting the existence of population substructuring. Estimates of divergence between species range from 2.46 ± 0.72% in the coho–chinook salmon comparison to 6.88 ± 1.27% between coho and chum salmon. The phylogenetic relationship among these species, based on the levels of sequence divergence, organizes the species into three distinct groups. One group includes the pink and chum salmon while a second group contains the coho and chinook salmon, as well as the rainbow trout. The sockeye salmon are distinct from both groups. Although most of these results are in accordance with classical analyses, the relationship of the rainbow trout to the coho and chinook salmon suggests different interpretations of the evolution of life histories and morphological traits in these closely related species.

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