Myxomycetes biodiversity in Gaziantep Province (Turkey) with four new records

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 478 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
HAYRİ BABA ◽  
FATMA GÜNDOĞDU ◽  
MUSTAFA SEVİNDİK
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Bearing Material ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Live Tree ◽  
Chamber Technique

Myxomycetes were cultured in moist chambers using substrate material collected in Gaziantep province, Turkey, during 2017–2019. Fruit bodies of wild myxomycetes were collected at ten locations. Rotten or live tree bark, leaves, debris, vegetable, and animal material, which were considered likely to contain spores, were also collected. Natural samples were immediately dried, and potential spore-bearing material was kept in a warm and humid environment with the moist chamber technique. A total of 537 samples were studied and 203 myxomycetes isolates were obtained, 33 of which were natural samples, 76 were obtained with the moist chamber technique and 94 were obtained both naturally and with the moist chamber technique in the laboratory. Six orders, 9 families, 16 genera and 42 species were identified in 3 subclasses. All species were new in Gaziantep province and four myxomycetes were identified as new records in Turkey; Didymium atrichum Henney & Alexop., Didymium serpula Fr., Craterium obovatum Peck and Physarum bivalve Pers. were added to the Turkish mycota.

Myxomycetes on the bark of Banksia attenuata and B. menziesii (Proteaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Jordan ◽  
M. H. Brims ◽  
E. J. Speijers ◽  
E. M. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
New Records ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Decomposition Level ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Relative Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Moisture ◽  
Banksia Attenuata ◽  
Chamber Technique

Myxomycetes on the bark of dead Banksia attenuata and B. menziesii from the Perth metropolitan area of Western Australia were surveyed by the moist chamber technique, to determine whether the flora was similar on both hosts and what were the most important variables that determined the distribution of the most common species. Twenty-seven species of myxomycetes were recovered, including six new records for Australia (Comatricha rigidireta, Echinostelium elachiston, Paradiacheopsis cf. cribrata, P. rigida, Stemonitopsis amoena and S. cf. hyperopta). Members of the order Stemonitales comprised the largest number of species, whereas members of the Liceales occurred on the most bark pieces. The most common species were Licea kleistobolus, Echinostelium minutum, Comatricha elegans, Cribraria minutissima and Paradiacheopsis fimbriata. Overall, B. menziesii and B. attenuata had very similar myxomycete productivity, diversity and species assemblage, as did the tops and bottoms of the logs. It was concluded that they provided very similar microhabitats for myxomycetes. Both pH and the relative moisture content of the bark had an effect on myxomycete productivity. Bark decomposition level, pH and bark surface (top or bottom) were the most important variables determining the distribution of the most common myxomycete species.

scholarly journals Australian corticolous myxomycetes: models of distribution and development

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Linear Plot ◽  
Chamber Technique

This paper presents an integrated model of the variation over a continental landmass of myxomycetes, a single-celled organism in the phylum Amoebozoa. Bark samples were collected on long traverses across Australia, and cultivated in Petri dishes by the moist chamber technique to obtain large assemblages of common species. The results of this survey and previous surveys are consistent with there being four major myxomycete assemblages: Tropical, Northern Arid, Southern Arid and Temperate. Where mapped, these species assemblage regions are consistent with the Australian phytogeographical regions. The myxomycetes differ between arid and non-arid areas; the arid areas have slightly higher productivity per wetting event, with members of the Physarales and Liceales relatively important and the Stemonitidales, Trichiales and Cribrariales less important. When the bark samples are placed in a moist culture there is a myxomycete growth cycle and then the population declines to resting phases. The population increase during a growth phase can be modelled by a linear plot of log(abundance) against species rank, where abundance is total harvested spore volume of a species. The population decline appears to be linear from two weeks after watering, declining to negligible activity 4 weeks after watering.

scholarly journals Discovery of Three New Phytotoxins from the Fungus Aspergillus nidulans by Pathway Inactivation

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liao ◽  
Xiaolei Zhang ◽  
Yi Lou ◽  
Chengzeng Zhou ◽  
Qianqian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Genetic Inactivation ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Chamber Technique

Fungi are a source of novel phytotoxic compounds to be explored in the search for effective and environmentally safe herbicides. The genetic inactivation of the biosynthetic pathway of the new phytotoxin cichorine has led to the isolation of three novel phytotoxins from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans: 8-methoxycichorine (4), 8-epi-methoxycichorine (5), and N-(4’-carboxybutyl) cichorine (6). The structure of the new compounds was clearly determined by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization (HRESIMS). The phytotoxic bioassay was studied on leaves from Zea mays and Medicago polymorpha L. at the concentration of 5 × 10−3 M by using a moist chamber technique. Novel phytotoxins 8-methoxycichorine (4), 8-epi-methoxycichorine (5), and N-(4’-carboxybutyl) cichorine (6) exhibited a better phytotoxic effect than cichorine.

Five new Myxomycetes (Myxogastria) records from Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 507 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
HAYRİ BABA
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Moist Chamber

Myxomycetes samples were obtained from Adana and Hatay provinces of Turkey. As a result of field and laboratory studies five myxomycetes species are reported as new records. Three of the new records (Arcyria cerradensis, Craterium aureonucleatum and Diderma spumarioides) were found as natural sporophore in the area. The other two species (Cribraria spinispora and Perichaena quadrata) were grown in the laboratory by moist chamber culture method. Short descriptions, habitats, localities, collection dates, fungarium numbers and images of the taxa are given. This work has contributed to Myxobiota of Turkey.

Comatricha nodulifera, a new myxomycete from Texas

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Wollman ◽  
Constantine J. Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Tree Bark ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Agar Media

Comatricha nodulifera sp. nov., which developed on tree bark in a moist chamber, is described and its cultivation on agar media from spores discussed. This species differs from all other known comatrichas in bearing numerous, minute nodule-like swellings on the ultimate branches of the capillitium, a character which is stable when the organism is cultured on various media. The Plasmodium is an aphanoplasmodium.

Additions to the myxomycetes known from New Zealand, including a new species of Diderma

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
Yuri K. Novozhilov ◽  
Clive Shirley ◽  
David W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Records ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
A New Species

Specimens of myxomycetes obtained as field collections or from moist-chamber cultures during surveys for these organisms carried out at several localities in New Zealand have yielded eight species not included in the monograph of the group published in 2003. One other species, listed provisionally as Diderma cf. miniatum on the basis of a single, rather limited collection, but now known from several additional collections, is described herein as Diderma novae-zelandiae. These new records bring the number of myxomycetes reported from New Zealand to 196 species.

Distribution and ecology of myxomycetes on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 416 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN L. STEPHENSON ◽  
BARBARA C. STEPHENSON
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
New Records ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Dead Plant

A survey for myxomycetes was carried out on Christmas Island in May 2017. Specimens included those that had fruited in the field under natural conditions and those appearing in moist chamber cultures prepared with samples of dead plant material collected on the island. Fifty-nine species in 18 genera were recorded. Hemitrichia serpula was the most common species represented among field collections, whereas Arcyria cinerea, Diderma effusum, Lamproderma scintillans, Didymium squamulosum, Diderma hemisphericum and Diachea leucopodia were recorded the most often in moist chamber cultures. These new records bring the total number of species of myxomycetes known from Christmas Island to 68 species in 22 genera. The distribution and ecology of these species in relation to the various substrates available to them are discussed.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

The significance of SEM in the diagnosis of haematopoietic malignancies

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Etienne de Harven ◽  
Nina Lampen
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Mononuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Fast Quenching ◽  
Freeze Dryer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Samples of heparinized blood, or bone marrow aspirates, or cell suspensions prepared from biopsied tissues (nodes, spleen, etc. ) are routinely prepared, after Ficoll-Hypaque concentration of the mononuclear leucocytes, for scanning electron microscopy. One drop of the cell suspension is placed in a moist chamber on a poly-l-lysine pretreated plastic coverslip (Mazia et al., J. Cell Biol. 66:198-199, 1975) and fifteen minutes allowed for cell attachment. Fixation, started in 2. 5% glutaraldehyde in culture medium at room temperature for 30 minutes, is continued in the same fixative at 4°C overnight or longer. Ethanol dehydration is immediately followed by drying at the critical point of CO2 or of Freon 13. An efficient alternative method for ethanol dehydrated cells is to dry the cells at low temperature (-75°C) under vacuum (10-2 Torr) for 30 minutes in an Edwards-Pearse freeze-dryer (de Harven et al., SEM/IITRI/1977, 519-524). This is preceded by fast quenching in supercooled ethanol (between -90 and -100°C).

Defects in β-SiC thin films grown on α-SiC substrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Karren L. More
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Growth Interface ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Expansion Coefficients

Beta-SiC is an ideal candidate material for use in semiconductor device applications. Currently, monocrystalline β-SiC thin films are epitaxially grown on {100} Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These films, however, contain a high density of defects such as stacking faults, microtwins, and antiphase boundaries (APBs) as a result of the 20% lattice mismatch across the growth interface and an 8% difference in thermal expansion coefficients between Si and SiC. An ideal substrate material for the growth of β-SiC is α-SiC. Unfortunately, high purity, bulk α-SiC single crystals are very difficult to grow. The major source of SiC suitable for use as a substrate material is the random growth of {0001} 6H α-SiC crystals in an Acheson furnace used to make SiC grit for abrasive applications. To prepare clean, atomically smooth surfaces, the substrates are oxidized at 1473 K in flowing 02 for 1.5 h which removes ∽50 nm of the as-grown surface. The natural {0001} surface can terminate as either a Si (0001) layer or as a C (0001) layer.

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