Typification of the name Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 494 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
GIDEON F. SMITH ◽  
RONEN SHTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The World ◽  
Kalanchoë Daigremontiana ◽  
Kalanchoe Daigremontiana

Several species and nothospecies of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) that use multiple vegetative and reproductive methods of self-propagation have become weedy in especially mild-climate parts of the world (Garcês et al. 2007, Herrera & Nassar 2009, Smith 2019, Smith et al. 2019: 244–278). Some of these, including the nothospecies K. ×houghtonii Ward (2006: 94) (Smith 2019) and its two parent taxa, K. daigremontiana Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1914: 128) (Figs 1 & 2) and K. tubiflora (Harvey 1862: 380) Hamet (1912: 44), have taken on economic importance beyond being sold, in many instances unwisely, as ornamental plants in the horticultural trade, as their eradication from places where they have become established in vegetation well away from their natural habitats will require the investment of fiscal resources.

Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 524 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-260
Author(s):  
RONEN SHTEIN ◽  
GIDEON F. SMITH ◽  
JUN IKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Kalanchoë Daigremontiana ◽  
Kalanchoe Daigremontiana

Species included in Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Invasores (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an infrageneric group naturally restricted to Madagascar, are, as the section name suggests, known to have several reproductive mechanisms that enable their successful establishment and spread in suitable climates in, and well away from, their natural habitats. Four species, which are particularly invasive, produce bulbils constitutively and copiously on dedicated pedestals that adorn their leaf margins or are concentrated towards the leaf tips, in the case of K. tubiflora. These species are: the predominantly pink-flowered K. daigremontiana, K. laetivirens, and K. sanctula, all with stem-peduncle transitions that give rise to distinct inflorescences, as well as K. tubiflora, which produces variously coloured inflorescences that indistinctly transition from the stem into a peduncle. Despite their apparent preferential, but not exclusive, reliance on asexual reproduction, several nothospecies involving these species have been described from southern Madagascar, and K. ×houghtonii, an artificially raised hybrid, has become naturalised on all continents bar Antarctica. Aspects of the taxonomy of these species and nothospecies are dealt with and arguments are presented in support of recognising K. laetivirens as a species, rather than as a nothospecies. The types of the names K. laetivirens and K. sanctula are no longer extant; both names are here neotypified. The geographical occurrence in Madagascar of K. laetivirens, and possibly K. ×houghtonii (=K. daigremontiana × K. tubiflora, known to have been artificially and independently produced in the USA and continental Europe), are discussed in detail. Kalanchoe ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora) is described as a new nothospecies that was discovered in Madagascar where both parents grow sympatrically as a result of human activity.

MERSİN İLİNİN SÜS BİTKİSİ POTANSİYELİ TAŞIYAN BAZI MONOKOTİL ENDEMİK BİTKİLERİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Muhyettin ŞENTÜRK ◽  
Rıza BİNZET
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Humanity has used plants for aesthetic purposes for centuries. Plants nowadays use cities for more livable habitats and similar purposes to satisfy the longing for nature of people who move away from nature due to increasing urbanization. So that plants attract attention as a commercial field plays a crucial role in economic development for many countries today. Our country, which is one of the richest geographies in terms of biodiversity globally, shows a total of 11466 plant taxa, 3800 of which are endemic. While the total number of plant species in all of Europe is around 12.000, in our country there are approximately 10.000 species. When the species and subspecies identified in recent years are added, around 12,000 taxa find natural habitats in our country. Mersin province is one of the important endemism centers of our country, with approximately 400 endemic species (endemism rate is approximately 23%). It is seen that the areas where geophytes spread intensively in the world are regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails, which is humid and warm in winters and dry and hot in summers. The Mediterranean Basin, where our country is located, is the second richest geophyte region in the world. Mersin province is one of the provinces located in the Mediterranean Basin. Within the scope of this study, it is to determine the usability of endemic plant species that are naturally distributed in Mersin province as ornamental plants and to ensure that they gain economic value in the ornamental plant market. For this purpose, in our study, some monocotyledon taxa that have an ornamental plant potential from endemic plant taxa in Mersin have been determined, and photographs of these taxa are presented. The recommended taxa are geophyte taxa, and the fact that they only spread in our country (some only in Mersin) is of great importance in bringing these species into the landscape as ornamental plants. A total of 20 endemic taxa belonging to 5 different monocotyledon families identified in Mersin were determined. The endangered extinction of some of these taxa proposed as ornamental plants is also of great importance in ensuring their generation by bringing them into the landscape with various production techniques.

Westward Palaearctic range expansion of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and its arrival at Mediterranean coastal regions of Turkey and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Mudar Salimeh ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

We review the continuing and extensive spread of Papilio demoleus in south-eastern Turkey and in regions of Turkey and Syria adjacent to the north-eastern Mediterranean. Since the authors documented the arrival of this attractive but potentially destructive papilionid species at coastal areas of Syria in 2019, regular monitoring has confirmed successful overwintering there, as well as in Turkey. As previously indicated, P. demoleus is widely recognized as an invasive pest species in Citrus-growing areas of the world and hence its arrival is of potential economic importance to a region in which citrus is widely grown.

Integrated Pest Management — How to do It?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ausher
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Control Failures ◽  
Intensive Control

Protection of crop and ornamental plants from noxious organisms — insects, nematodes, mites, pathogens and weeds — is indispensable to modern agriculture. Despite intensive control efforts, about 50% of the world's crops are lost to these organisms, at an estimated annual cost of about 400 billion dollars. Ever since the advent of synthetic pesticides in the 1940s, modern crop protection has been largely based on chemical control. Pesticide expenditures are about 20% of total farming input costs, although this figure varies substantially according to crop and region. Mounting environmental concerns and pest control failures have made It increasingly clear that the use of toxic pesticides In agriculture should be drastically reduced all over the world.

The European Community: Basic Resources

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Robert Goelhert ◽  
Marian Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
European Politics ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
Member Organization ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The World

With the first direct election to the European Parliament in the fall of 1979, there has been a renewed interest in the study of the European Community. While very few American universities offer courses on the European Community, more college and universities are including some coverage of the Community through course offerings on European politics or the study of international organizations.There are several reasons why the European Community is today receiving more attention by scholars and researchers. With the addition of three states in 1973, the nine member organization has become a significant economic force in the world. And because of the Community's economic importance, its decisions also have social and political implications.

Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Il'ichev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Young Shoot ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Pome Fruits

Abstract G. molesta is a serious pest of economic importance of commercial stone and pome fruits around the world. G. molesta damages peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, apples, pears, quinces and nashi (Asian pears) and can also attack and cause economic damage on other commercial fruits. In severe attacks, young trees can suffer distortion of growing shoots and stems, which makes pruning, training and shaping the tree canopy difficult, particularly for close-planting industrial systems such as Tatura trellis. One larva can damage many shoots by tunnelling deep into young shoot tips. Larvae move to feed on the green fruits usually after shoots mature and harden. One larva can damage many fruits, particularly when fruits are located close to each other.

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