Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 510 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
QIAN LI ◽  
HUIE LI ◽  
LAN YANG ◽  
QIQIANG GUO ◽  
YARU FU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Hybridization Origin ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Future Utilization

Rhododendron is one of the famous flowers in the world. Four wild Rhododendron species, namely, R. delavayi Franch., R. agastum Balf. f. et W. W. Smith., R. decorum Franch., and R. irroratum Franch., belong to subgenus Hymenanthes, which are sympatrically distributed in the Baili Rhododendron Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, China. The intermediate morphology of R. agastum in the reserve, which is between R. delavayi and R irroratum or between R. delavayi and R. decorum, has been speculated that R. agastum is a hybrid of one of the two combinations. However, the exact parentage of R. agastum in the reserve remains controversial. In this study, the four Rhododendron species were investigated to identify the parental origin of R. agastum based on 13 morphological characteristics, 20 co-dominant inherited microsatellite markers, and two maternal inherited plastid DNA makers. Results of genetic structure and origin scenario clearly support that R. agastum is a natural hybrid between R. delavayi and R. irroratum rather than R. delavayi and R. decorum, which is consistent with their morphological characteristics. In addition, hybridization analysis indicates that R. agastum is dominated by F2 generation in the reserve. Furthermore, haplotype analysis suggests that natural hybridization between R. delavayi and R. irroratum is bidirectional but asymmetric with R. delavayi, the main maternal parent of R. agastum. Our results provide theoretical basis for future utilization and conservation of genetic resources of these Rhododendron species.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Asha J. Dissanayake ◽  
Ya-Ya Chen ◽  
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽  
Jian-Kui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China. The isolates were compared with other species using morphological characteristics, and available DNA sequence data was used to infer phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) loci. Three novel species were illustrated and described as Botryobambusa guizhouensis, Sardiniella elliptica, and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis, which belong to rarely identified genera within Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryobambusa guizhouensis is the second species identified from the respective monotypic genus. The previously known species were identified as Aplosporella hesperidica, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, Di. neojuniperi, Di. pseudoseriata, Di. sapinea, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Do. yunnana, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella celtidis, Sa. guizhouensis, and Sphaeropsis citrigena. The results of this study indicate that numerous species of Botryosphaeriales are yet to be revealed in southwestern China.

scholarly journals Natural hybridization between two butterfly bushes in Tibet: dominance of F1 hybrids promotes strong reproductive isolation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongli Liao ◽  
Weibang Sun ◽  
Yongpeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Intergenic Spacers ◽  
Typical Distribution ◽  
Hybridization Origin ◽  
Butterfly Bush ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Background: It has been recognized that certain amount of habitat disturbance is a prerequisite for occurrence of natural hybridization, yet we are currently still not aware of any studies exploring hybridization and reproductive barriers to those plants preferably occupying disturbed habitats. Buddleja plants (also called butterfly bush) generally grow in disturbed habitat, and several species with hybrid origin only on basis of morphology evidence have been proposed. Results: In the present study, we test the natural hybridization origin hypothesis of B. × wardii in two sympatric populations of three taxa including B. × wardii and its parents (B. alternifolia and B. crispa) plus 4 referenced parental populations, using four nuclear genes and three chloroplast intergenic spacers, as well as with 10 morphological characters. Our results suggest that at both sites B. × wardii was likely to be hybrids between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, and moreover, most of the hybrids examined were confirmed to be F1s. This was further supported by morphology as no transgressive characters were detected. B. crispa was found to be the maternal parent in Bahe (BH) population from the cpDNA. While in the Taji (TJ) population was difficult to distinguish the hybridization direction due to the shared haplotypes of cpDNA between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, we still predicted the similar unidirectional hybridization pattern due to results from cross-specific pollination treatments which supported the “SI x SC rule”. Conclusions: Hybrids mainly consisting of F1s can successfully impede gene flow and thus maintain species boundaries of parental species in its typical distribution of Buddleja, i.e. disturbed habitats.

scholarly journals The systematics of the Mongolepidida (Chondrichthyes) and the Ordovician origins of the clade

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plamen Andreev ◽  
Michael I. Coates ◽  
Valentina Karatajūtė-Talimaa ◽  
Richard M. Shelton ◽  
Paul R. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Basal Bone ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
North Western

The Mongolepidida is an Order of putative early chondrichthyan fish, originally erected to unite taxa from the Lower Silurian of Mongolia. The present study reassesses mongolepid systematics through the examination of the developmental, histological and morphological characteristics of scale-based specimens from the Upper Ordovician Harding Sandstone (Colorado, USA) and the Upper Llandovery–Lower Wenlock Yimugantawu (Tarim Basin, China), Xiushan (Guizhou Province, China) and Chargat (north-western Mongolia) Formations. The inclusion of the Mongolepidida within the Class Chondrichthyes is supported on the basis of a suite of scale attributes (areal odontode deposition, linear odontocomplex structure and lack of enamel, cancellous bone and hard-tissue resorption) shared with traditionally recognized chondrichthyans (euchondrichthyans, e.g., ctenacanthiforms). The mongolepid dermal skeleton exhibits a rare type of atubular dentine (lamellin) that is regarded as one of the diagnostic features of the Order within crown gnathostomes. The previously erected Mongolepididae and Shiqianolepidae families are revised, differentiated by scale-base histology and expanded to include the generaRongolepisandXinjiangichthys, respectively. A newly described mongolepid species (Solinalepis levisgen. et sp. nov.) from the Ordovician of North America is treated as familyincertae sedis, as it possesses a type of basal bone tissue (acellular and vascular) that has yet to be documented in other mongolepids. This study extends the stratigraphic and palaeogeographic range of Mongolepidida and adds further evidence for an early diversification of the Chondrichthyes in the Ordovician Period, 50 million years prior to the first recorded appearance of euchondrichthyan teeth in the Lower Devonian.

Additions to Karst Fungi 4: Botryosphaeria spp. associated with woody hosts in Guizhou province, China including B. guttulata sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 454 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-202
Author(s):  
YA-YA CHEN ◽  
ASHA J. DISSANAYAKE ◽  
ZUO-YI LIU ◽  
JIAN-KUI (JACK) LIU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One New Species

Members of Botryosphaeria encompass important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of woody hosts worldwide. Botryosphaeria species are difficult to differentiate due to the overlapping morphological characteristics and the molecular data analyses are necessary recently when species identification is carried out. In this study, 28 Botryosphaeria isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in six nature reserves in Guizhou province, China. Based on both morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of combined ITS and tef1-α sequence data, four known species (Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. minutispermatia, B. sinensia and B. wangensis) are identified and one new species B. guttulata is introduced. Botryosphaeria sinensia (32% of the isolates obtained from various hosts) is the abundant species, followed by B. dothidea (28.5% of the isolates), B. guttulata (28.5% of the isolates), B. minutispermatia (7% of the isolates) and B. wangensis (4% of the isolates). These results represent the first study of Botryosphaeria species associated with woody hosts from nature reserves in Guizhou province, China. Our findings indicate that there is a potential of Botryosphaeria species remain to be discovered in this unique landform (Karst formations) in Guizhou province, China.

A new species of Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guizhou Province, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3510 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOMING GU ◽  
RONGRONG CHEN ◽  
YINGZHOU TIAN ◽  
SONG LI ◽  
JINGCHENG RAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
A New Species

In this study, we describe a new species of salamander, Paramesotriton maolanensis sp. n., from the MaolanNational Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The new species is placed in the genusParamesotriton based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. It differs from all other members of thegenus in a number of morphological characteristics, especially in its much larger body size, absence of granularwarts from head and body, largely reduced external eyes and peculiar shape of epibranchia in hyoid apparatus. Weexamined the relationships of nuclear POMC haplotypes between and within the new species and six recognizedspecies. POMC variation and published mitochondrial data suggested that the new species’ closest known relativesare P. longliensis, P. zhijinensis and P. caudopunctatus, and it should be placed into the P. caudopunctatus species group or subgenus Allomesotriton.

Ionopsis × atalibae (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), a new natural hybrid from the Brazilian Amazon 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 478 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
AMAURI HERBERT KRAHL ◽  
DAYSE RAIANE PASSOS KRAHL ◽  
EMERSON RICARDO PANSARIN
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Intermediate Morphology ◽  
Relevant Role

Hybridization plays a relevant role in the evolution and diversification of flowering plants. Natural hybridization has been commonly recorded in some orchid groups. During fieldwork in a Citrus plantation in the Brazilian Amazon, plants of Ionopsis utricularioides, I. satyrioides and an unidentified taxon with intermediate morphology between both sympatric species were found. The plants with intermediate features are most likely a natural hybrid between I. utricularioides and I. satyrioides described here as I. × atalibae.

scholarly journals The Distribution and Origins of Pyrus hopeiensis-“Wild Plant With Tiny Population” Using Whole Genome Resequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtan Li ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Minsheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sequencing Depth ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Sequencing Platform

Pyrus hopeiensis is a valuable but endangered wild resource in the genus Pyrus. It has been listed as one of the 120 wild species with tiny population in China. The specie has been little studied. A preliminary study of propagation modes in P. hopeiensis was performed through seed propagation, hybridization, self-crossing trials, bud grafting, branch grafting, and investigations of natural growth. The results showed that the population size of P. hopeiensis was very small, the distribution range was limited, and the habitat was extremely degraded. In the wild population, natural hybridization and root tiller production were the major modes of propagation. Whole genome re-sequencing of the 23 wild and cultivated accessions from Pyrus species collected was performed using an Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. The sequencing depth range was 26.56x−44.85x and the average sequencing depth was 32x. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analyses (PCA) based on SNPs showed that the wild Pyrus species, such as PWH06, PWH07, PWH09, PWH10, PWH13, and PWH17, were closely related to both P. hopeiensis HB-1 and P. hopeiensis HB-2. Using these results in combination with morphological characteristics, it speculated that P. hopeiensis populations may form a natural hybrid group with frequent gene exchanges between and within groups. A selective elimination analysis on the P. hopeiensis population were performed using Fst and π radio and a total of 381 overlapping genes including SAUR72, IAA20, HSFA2, and RKP genes were obtained. These genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) function enrichment. And four KEGG pathways, including lysine degradation, sphingolipid metabolism, other glycan degradation, and betaine biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the P. hopeiensis population. Our study provided information on genetic variation, evolutionary relationships, and gene enrichment in P. hopeiensis population. These data will help reveal the evolutionary history and origin of P. hopeiensis and provide guidelines for subsequent research on the locations of functional genes.

scholarly journals Mating designs commonly used in plant breeding: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1855-1869
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
The North ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Estimation Of Variance

Mating design represents "rules" for arranging different controlled crossings; a mating design is a procedure of producing progenies. This review describes mating designs commonly used in plant breeding. Biparental is the simplest design in which a number of P plants are paired off to give ½P families; the parents are mated only once in pairs. The design is simple and it provides information needed to determine if significant genetic variation is present in a population for a long term selection program. A polycross is a mating arrangement for interpollinating a group of cultivars or clones using natural hybridization in an isolated crossing block. The design is often used for generating synthetic cultivars. The North Carolina (NC) mating designs permit determination and/or estimation of variance components (additive and dominance components) by using the information from half-sib (HS) families. The experimental material of North Carolina designs I, II and III is developed from F2 generation as a base material. The design III (NCIII) involves backcrossing the F2 plants to the two parental inbred lines from which the F2 were derived. The NCIII design was extended to include a third tester. This third tester is the F1 from the two parental inbred lines; in this extended form, this design is known as the triple test cross (TTC). Line x Tester mating design uses inbred lines as the base population. The design is useful in deciding the relative ability of a number of female and male inbreds to produce desirable hybrid combinations. When the same parents are used as females and males in breeding, the mating design is called diallel. Parents used range from inbred lines to broad genetic base varieties to clones. The design is the most commonly used in crop plants to estimate GCA and SCA and variances. Generally, it should be noted that is not the mating design per se, but the breeder who breeds a new cultivar. Consequently, proper choice and use of a mating design will provide the most valuable information for breeding

scholarly journals Natural hybridization among three Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) revealed by morphological and genomic evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Li-Jun Yan ◽  
Kevin S. Burgess ◽  
Ya-Huang Luo ◽  
Jia-Yun Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Hybrid Classes

Abstract Background Natural hybridization can influence the adaptive response to selection and accelerate species diversification. Understanding the composition and structure of hybrid zones may elucidate patterns of hybridization processes that are important to the formation and maintenance of species, especially for taxa that have experienced rapidly adaptive radiation. Here, we used morphological traits, ddRAD-seq and plastid DNA sequence data to investigate the structure of a Rhododendron hybrid zone and uncover the hybridization patterns among three sympatric and closely related species. Results Our results show that the hybrid zone is complex, where bi-directional hybridization takes place among the three sympatric parental species: R. spinuliferum, R. scabrifolium, and R. spiciferum. Hybrids between R. spinuliferum and R. spiciferum (R. ×duclouxii) comprise multiple hybrid classes and a high proportion of F1 generation hybrids, while a novel hybrid taxon between R. spinuliferum and R. scabrifolium dominated the F2 generation, but no backcross individuals were detected. The hybrid zone showed basically coincident patterns of population structure between genomic and morphological data. Conclusions Natural hybridization exists among the three Rhododendron species in the hybrid zone, although patterns of hybrid formation vary between hybrid taxa, which may result in different evolutionary outcomes. This study represents a unique opportunity to dissect the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms associated with adaptive radiation of Rhododendron species in a biodiversity hotspot.

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