Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae): A study in intraspecific variability

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 742 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Related Taxon ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The availability of 45 adult specimens from single population of the hermit crab Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896, together with ten specimens from other localities, has made it possible to investigate intraspecific variability in morphological characters heretofore considered diagnostic for species of the genus. Fifty-one attributes deemed important by previous investigators, were examined and/or measured. However, when variations in segmental armature were found in the two pairs of ambulatory legs, the segments were scored individually, for a total of 77 characters. The results of the analysis demonstrated conclusively that most, if not all, previously employed characters were subject to intraspecific variation, and that for some, variability rendered them ineffective in discriminating among closely related taxa. Just as a suite of characters is usually needed to define a taxon, a similar suite is needed to differentiate one closely related taxon from another. In addition to discussing the ranges of variation observed for each of the characters, P. puniceus has been redescribed to include this variability. A second taxon, P. puniceus unispinosa Balss has been found to be a junior subjective synonym of P. puniceus. Paguristes puniceus also has been compared with three very similar Japanese species, P. miyakei Forest & McLaughlin, 1998, P. doederleini Komai, 2001, and Paguristes sp.

Morphology of the sting apparatus of the digger wasp Oxybelus uniglumis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), with emphasis on intraspecific variability and behavioural plasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Matushkina ◽  
Halyna A. Stetsun
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Digger Wasp ◽  
Solitary Digger Wasp

The solitary digger wasp Oxybelus uniglumis (Linnaeus, 1758) uses its sting not only for paralyzing prey but also for transporting the prey to the nest site. The sting morphology is expected to reflect the mechanical overloading applied to the sting during prey transportation. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of the sting skeleton of Oxybelus uniglumis and define specific morphological characters in order to reveal possible morphological predictions for conducting specific prey-carriage behaviour. The most important features are the following: (1) In contrast to all other known Apoidea, Oxybelus uniglumis has a single (instead of double) valvillus; (2) There are no distinct borders between the rostral process and the 2nd valvula, so the valvula is relatively strongly articulated to the basal elements of the sting; (3) The internal skeleton exhibits intraspecific variation, which has not previously been recorded for Hymenoptera. Results are discussed from a functional standpoint.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation in the Cambrian: new observations on the morphology of the Chengjiang euarthropod Sinoburius lunaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Schmidt ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xianguang Hou ◽  
Joachim T. Haug ◽  
Carolin Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Chengjiang Biota ◽  
3D Software

Abstract Background The Chengjiang biota from southwest China (518-million-years old, early Cambrian) has yielded nearly 300 species, of which more than 80 species represent early chelicerates, crustaceans and relatives. The application of µCT-techniques combined with 3D software (e.g., Drishti), has been shown to be a powerful tool in revealing and analyzing 3D features of the Chengjiang euarthropods. In order to address several open questions that remained from previous studies on the morphology of the xandarellid euarthropod Sinoburius lunaris, we reinvestigated the µCT data with Amira to obtain a different approach of visualization and to generate new volume-rendered models. Furthermore, we used Blender to design 3D models showing aspects of intraspecific variation. Results New findings are: (1) antennulae consist of additional proximal articles that have not been detected before; (2) compared to other appendages, the second post-antennular appendage has a unique shape, and its endopod is comprised of only five articles (instead of seven); (3) the pygidium bears four pairs of appendages which are observed in all specimens. On the other hand, differences between specimens also have been detected. These include the presence/absence of diplotergites resulting in different numbers of post-antennular appendages and tergites and different distances between the tip of the hypostome and the anterior margin of the head shield. Conclusions Those new observations reveal intraspecific variation among Chengjiang euarthropods not observed before and encourage considerations about possible sexual dimorphic pairs or ontogenetic stages. Sinoburius lunaris is a variable species with respect to its morphological characters, cautioning that taxon-specific variabilities need to be considered when exploring new species.

Adaptation in a Peripheral Habitat: Intraspecific Variation in Osmoregulatory Traits in an Estuarine Hermit Crab (Pagurus minutus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yoshino ◽  
Tsunenori Koga ◽  
Koichi Taniguchi ◽  
Rei Tasaka
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Hermit Crab

Intraspecific variability of morphological characters in the species-rich deep-sea genus Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 (Nematoda: Chromadoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Miljutin ◽  
Maria A. Miljutina
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Acantholaimusis a species-rich genus of deep-sea nematodes, often with dozens of species found at the same locality but each represented by single or few individuals. Species discrimination by morphological characters in this genus is therefore often difficult due to transitional forms that may be referred to several species because of lack of data on intraspecific variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraspecific variability of morphological characters that are most often used inAcantholaimustaxonomy, in order to distinguish those which are most informative for species differentiation. A reverse taxonomic approach was applied for initial species discrimination. Two loci, one each from small and large subunits of rRNA, were sequenced for 59Acantholaimusspecimens from two deep-sea locations. Twenty-seven Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTU) were identified, of which 12 were represented by more than one individual. These were then analysed for intraspecific variability in morphological characters. Some of the examined characters showed high intraspecific variability; specifically: length of cephalic setae; distance from anterior end to amphid; shape of anterior setae; position and arrangement of cervical setae. In the absence of genetic data, these characters should be used with caution for differential diagnoses or species discrimination. Other characters were more conservative within the same MOTU: body proportions; length of outer labial setae; amphidial diam.; appearance of lateral field; general arrangement of cervical setae; and shape of tail. These characters may be successfully used for species discrimination in the absence of molecular data.

BIOSYSTEMATICS OF PISSODES GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): SEASONALITY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNONYMY OF P. APPROXIMATUS HOPKINS AND P. NEMORENSIS GERMAR

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Stephen A. Teale ◽  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractPissodes approximatus Hopkins (1911) is a junior subjective synonym of P. nemorensis Germar (1824). The conspecificity of these entities, traditionally considered distinct based only on distribution and slight morphological differences, is corroborated here with comparative studies of ecology, behavior, and morphology. When pheromone-baited traps were deployed during the spring (May–June) and fall (November–December) in several localities to examine seasonal activity, southern populations (P. nemorensis sensu Hopkins) responded only in the fall and northern populations only in the spring, but a population in Virginia responded during both seasons. Laboratory studies found that individuals from five southern populations became reproductively mature under 16:8, 12:12, and 8:16 (L:D) photoperiods but weevils in a New York population did not mature under the 8:16 photoperiod. A two-species model based on strict seasonal isolation between northern and southern populations is rejected. Morphometrics revealed significant differences in six body dimensions and three morphometric ratios among 13 populations, but there was no geographic pattern of differences to suggest the existence of two species. Sexual dimorphism in rostrum length was most pronounced in southern populations but occurred in all five populations in which it was investigated. Examination of male and female genitalia revealed similar variation in northern and southern populations and conflicted with previously reported diagnostic differences. Our study and the results of earlier work lead us to conclude that the populations previously represented by the names P. nemorensis and P. approximatus comprise one widely distributed species and display intraspecific variation in life history and morphological characters.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Quercus robur L. leaf in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-541
Author(s):  
Branislava Batos ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Intrapopulation Variability

This paper presents the results of a study dealing with leaf morphological variability of Quercus robur L. 148 trees were sampled from 5 population across Serbia and 17 morphological traits were assessed. Interpopulation variability was confirmed by the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA). A statistically significant (p <0.05) effect of population was obtained for most of the studied morphological characters. Intrapopulation variability was confirmed by statistically significant tree effects for all of the studied leaf characters (all p < 0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) confirmed a significant population and tree share in the total phenotypic variability (all p <0.05). By applying the canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), the first discriminant function accounted for 63% of the variability between populations and the second accounted for 20% of the population variability. The leaf area (AREA), specific leaf area (SLA) and surface area to perimeter ratio (ARPE) had the greatest effect on population differentiation (CDA). It is assumed that different environmental conditions affect population differentiation and that high intrapopulation variability is due to intraspecific variability.

Reappraisal of the burrowing lobster Axius (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Axiidea) in the fossil record with notes on palaeobiogeography and description of a new species

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matúš Hyžný ◽  
Sten Lennart Jakobsen ◽  
René H. B. Fraaije
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
The West ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Preservation Potential ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The fossil record of the burrowing lobster Axius is reviewed. A diagnosis based on the characters with preservation potential is supplied. Plioaxius lineadactylus Fraaije et al., 2011, from the Pliocene of Belgium and the Netherlands is considered congeneric with the type species of Axius. As a consequence, Plioaxius is considered a junior subjective synonym of Axius. A newly described species, Axius hofstedtae from the late Oligocene of Denmark is considered the oldest unequivocal representative of Axius. Both fossil species, A. hofstedtae n. sp. and A. lineadactylus n. comb., share numerous morphological characters with extant Axius stirhynchus. Scarcity of the Cenozoic Axiidae is ascribed to lack of study of the fossil record of this group rather than to low fossilization potential of its representatives. A preliminary scenario of the migration of Axius based on the scarce fossil record suggests the origin in the Western Tethys and subsequent dispersal westward into the West Atlantic and eastward into the West Pacific.

scholarly journals A fully web-illustrated morphological phylogenetic study of relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1796 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHAN LILJEBLAD ◽  
FREDRIK RONQUIST ◽  
JOSE-LUIS NIEVES-ALDREY ◽  
FELIX FONTAL-CAZALLA ◽  
PALMIRA ROS-FARRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Character State ◽  
South American ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Galling Insects

Large morphological phylogenetics analyses are often poorly documented because of the constraints of traditional print journals, making it difficult to critically evaluate the data and build on it in future studies. We use modern information technology to overcome this problem in a comprehensive analysis of higher relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives. Our morphological characters are documented by more than 2,000 images deposited in the open web image database Morphbank (http://www.morphbank.net), allowing one-click access from character and character state descriptions to the raw data. The oak gall wasps (Cynipidae: Cynipini) form one of the largest specialized radiations of galling insects with almost 1,000 described species attacking oaks or oak relatives. According to previous morphological studies, the Cynipini form a monophyletic clade, the Woody Rosid Gallers (WRG), together with three small cynipid tribes (Diplolepidini, Eschatocerini, and Pediaspidini). The WRG all attack woody representatives of the rosid clade of eudicots. Little was previously known about higher WRG relationships. We studied 54 exemplar taxa of WRG, including representatives from 34 of the 41 valid genera of oak gall wasps, and two outgroups. The study resulted in 308 characters, 283 from morphology and 25 from biology and distribution; most of these are original to the present paper. Parsimony analyses supported the monophyly of three major WRG lineages: Diplolepidini + Eschatocerini, Pediaspidini + Paraulax, and Cynipini. The poorly known South American genus Paraulax, developing in galls on Nothofagus, is moved from Cynipini to Pediaspidini to reflect these results. The single Japanese species described in Paraulax by Shinji (types lost) is transferred to Ceroptres as C. quereicola (Shinji 1938) comb. nov. Two major lineages of oak gallers were recognized in most analyses: (1) the Neuroterus-group (Neuroterus, Pseudoneuroterus, the previously recognized genus Trichagalma, Plagiotrochus, possibly also Palearctic Dryocosmus and Aphelonyx+Disholcaspis); and (2)the Cynips-group (Cynips, Belonocnema, Atrusca, Acraspis, Philonix, Biorhiza and Trigonaspis). The large and problematic genus Andricus was paraphyletic in some analyses and monophyletic in others, with Disholcaspis spectabilis being the sister to other Cynipini in the former case and European Callirhytis in the latter. Our results suggest that WRG are conservative in their host plant preferences but there is no evidence for parallel insect-plant cladogenesis. Distributional patterns suggest a possible origin for the oak gall wasps in the Nearctic but the picture is otherwise complicated. Both heterogeny, the cyclical alternation of sexual and parthenogenetic generations, and heteroecy, the use of different sections of Quercus as host for the two generations, appear to have evolved twice within the WRG.

Systematic and taxomonic revaluation of four little known Asian agamid species, Calotes kingdonwardi Smith, 1935, Japalura kaulbacki Smith, 1937, Salea kakhienensis Anderson, 1879 and the monotypic genus Mictopholis Smith, 1935 (Reptilia: Agamidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2514 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN MAHONY
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
North West ◽  
Systematic Status ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The systematic status of many Asian Draconine agamids has long been in dispute. Herein, four such species, Mictopholis austeniana, Japalura kaulbacki, Calotes kingdonwardi and Salea kakhienensis are examined on the basis of external morphological characters. The monotypic genus Mictopholis was compared to other Asian Draconine genera and found to be indistinguishable from Pseudocalotes, with which it is here considered a synonym. Japalura kaulbacki is compared to other members of the genus Japalura as well as other similar species. Based on external morphology it is found to be separable from Japalura and conspecific with Calotes kingdonwardi, under which it is considered a junior subjective synonym. Salea kakhienensis is redefined morphologically based on nontype material and shown to represent a close member of this group. C. kingdonwardi is most similar to Salea kakhienensis both of which share a complement of characters with M. austeniana. The generic placement of S. kakhienensis relative to Salea, both with strongly overlapping synapomorphic characters is briefly discussed with respect to biogeographical implications that strongly support the exclusion of this species from the genus. Mictopholis austeniana, Calotes kingdonwardi and Salea kakhienensis are redescribed in detail and transferred to Pseudocalotes. The inclusion of these three species provides a generic range extension of approximately 800 km north-west of the previously considered range. The nomen Oriocalotes discolor is considered a primary objective synonym of Pseudocalotes kakhienensis new comb. and the systematic status of Calotes kingdonwardi bapoensis is briefly discussed.

An example of problems associated with DNA barcoding in tardigrades: a novel method for obtaining voucher specimens

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3104 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELE CESARI ◽  
ILARIA GIOVANNINI ◽  
ROBERTO BERTOLANI ◽  
LORENA REBECCHI
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Moss Sample ◽  
Voucher Specimens

We have in recent papers revealed that an integrative taxonomy approach helps to solve taxonomic problems in tardigrades. However, whole tardigrades are required for DNA work, which leaves no hologenophore voucher specimens with adult morphology. Using a novel methodology for the Tardigrada, we introduce the practice of collecting high quality maximum magnification light microscopy images of recently thawed animals to act as hologenophore voucher specimens of animals later used for DNA barcode sequencing. Within the framework of a DNA barcoding project on tardigrades, we collected a moss sample from the type locality of Macrobiotus terminalis Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993 (Castelsantangelo, Central Apennines, Italy), a species of the “Macrobiotus hufelandi group”. Within the moss sample we found several animals and eggs with a morphology that corresponded to the original description of M. terminalis, while others were attributable to Macrobiotus macrocalix Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993. In this study, molecular (cox1 mtDNA) analyses demonstrated no intraspecific variability in M. terminalis from the type locality but very large interspecific differences when compared with M. macrocalix and GenBank data for other species within the M. “hufelandi group”. There was also a large difference between our M. terminalis sequences and the GenBank data of a specimen attributed to the same species. The GenBank sequence originated from a population in the Northern Apennines, whose morphology appeared to be like that of the specimens of the locus typicus. This confirmed the importance in utilising material from the type locality for linking molecular data to the species’ morphological characters. Our paper underlines the importance of an integrative taxonomy in species diagnoses and demonstrates a scenario where morphological observations alone are not always sufficient. Lastly, this work adds reliable information to the sequence reference library that provides a useful building block for further studies on similar and related tardigrade taxa.

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