Photocatalytic Degradation of Myclobutanil and Its Commercial Formulation with TiO2 P25 in Slurry and TiO2/β-SiC Foams

Viticulture is one of the crops most subject to pest control by fungicides. Their drainage towards the fresh water affects the aquatic environment, the fauna, the flora and especially the human health. It is therefore necessary to find an adequate solution to solve this problem. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation method for the degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants in water and air using semi-conductor (e.g., TiO2). TiO2 P25 in suspension (0.75 g·L−1) is used to treat Myclobutanil contaminated water and a commercial formulation Systhane™ 20EW, a fungicide produced by BASF. After 120 min of batch treatment under our conditions (pH = 6.7, Co = 10 mg ·L−1), 96% and 98% of Myclobutanil and Systhane were removed with 94% and 92% mineralization, respectively. In order to avoid the recovery of nanoparticles of TiO2 P25 after treatment, we have taken care of β-SiC foam cells. Under the same experimental conditions, 45% and 56% of Myclobutanil and Systhane degraded after 4 h with mineralization of 29% and 27%, respectively in recirculation in a fixed-light photoreactor by UV-A lamps. These results are very encouraging: filtering is not necessary to separate the catalyst from the treated water, it is very important for large-scale use of this process.

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Study on Hair Dyeing Wastewater by Fenton Oxidation Method

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.168 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 168-171

Author(s):

Jun Yin ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Yan Kai ◽

Wan Yao Wang ◽

Liang Liang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Ph Value ◽

Fenton Oxidation ◽

Raw Water ◽

Dyeing Wastewater ◽

Fenton Reagent ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Oxidation Method

Hair dyeing wastewater is produced in coloring process. Its composition is complicated,in which contains a large number of organic pollutants and high color. Hair dyeing wastewater treatment can be effectively treated by Fenton oxidation method. The experiment results show that hair dyeing wastewater is treated by Fenton oxidation in this thesis. Fenton reagent is affected by hair dyeing wastewater, pH reaction time and many other factors. When raw water COD is 3800mg/L and chroma is 1210 times, by using Fenton oxidation method determine best experimental conditions: concentration of H2O2 is 24.5ml（30%H2O2), pH value is 3.0, nH2O2/nFe2+ is 7, reaction time is 60 min. Under the reaction condition , experimental results show that COD and color removal rates were 91.2% and 93.2% in hair dyeing wastewater by Fenton oxidation.

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Enhanced Wastewater Treatment by Immobilized Enzymes

Current Pollution Reports ◽

10.1007/s40726-021-00183-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jakub Zdarta ◽

Katarzyna Jankowska ◽

Karolina Bachosz ◽

Oliwia Degórska ◽

Karolina Kaźmierczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Process Optimization ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Immobilized Enzymes ◽

Future Research ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Catalytic Cycles

Abstract Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized recent achievements on the use of immobilized oxidoreductases for biodegradation of hazardous organic pollutants including mainly dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, and bisphenols. In order to facilitate process optimization and achievement of high removal rates, effect of various process conditions on biodegradation has been highlighted and discussed. Recent Findings Current reports clearly show that immobilized oxidoreductases are capable of efficient conversion of organic pollutants, usually reaching over 90% of removal rate. Further, immobilized enzymes showed great recyclability potential, allowing their reuse in numerous of catalytic cycles. Summary Collected data clearly indicates immobilized oxidoreductases as an efficient biocatalytic tools for removal of hazardous phenolic compounds, making them a promising option for future water purification. Data shows, however, that both immobilization and biodegradation conditions affect conversion efficiency; therefore, process optimization is required to achieve high removal rates. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated future trends and highlighted several issues that have to be solved in the near-future research, to facilitate large-scale application of the immobilized oxidoreductases in wastewater treatment.

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Compartment and hub definitions tune metabolic networks for metabolomic interpretations

GigaScience ◽

10.1093/gigascience/giz137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T Cameron Waller ◽

Jordan A Berg ◽

Alexander Lex ◽

Brian E Chapman ◽

Jared Rutter

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Metabolic Networks ◽

Shortest Paths ◽

Large Data ◽

Differential Regulation ◽

Large Data Sets ◽

Data Sets ◽

Human Metabolism ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Systemic Model

Abstract Background Metabolic networks represent all chemical reactions that occur between molecular metabolites in an organism’s cells. They offer biological context in which to integrate, analyze, and interpret omic measurements, but their large scale and extensive connectivity present unique challenges. While it is practical to simplify these networks by placing constraints on compartments and hubs, it is unclear how these simplifications alter the structure of metabolic networks and the interpretation of metabolomic experiments. Results We curated and adapted the latest systemic model of human metabolism and developed customizable tools to define metabolic networks with and without compartmentalization in subcellular organelles and with or without inclusion of prolific metabolite hubs. Compartmentalization made networks larger, less dense, and more modular, whereas hubs made networks larger, more dense, and less modular. When present, these hubs also dominated shortest paths in the network, yet their exclusion exposed the subtler prominence of other metabolites that are typically more relevant to metabolomic experiments. We applied the non-compartmental network without metabolite hubs in a retrospective, exploratory analysis of metabolomic measurements from 5 studies on human tissues. Network clusters identified individual reactions that might experience differential regulation between experimental conditions, several of which were not apparent in the original publications. Conclusions Exclusion of specific metabolite hubs exposes modularity in both compartmental and non-compartmental metabolic networks, improving detection of relevant clusters in omic measurements. Better computational detection of metabolic network clusters in large data sets has potential to identify differential regulation of individual genes, transcripts, and proteins.

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Large scale RNAi screen in Tribolium reveals novel target genes for pest control and the proteasome as prime target

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-015-1880-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Julia Ulrich ◽

Van Anh Dao ◽

Upalparna Majumdar ◽

Christian Schmitt-Engel ◽

Jonas Schwirz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Target Genes ◽

Rnai Screen ◽

Novel Target ◽

Prime Target

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Simultaneous photochemical generation of ozone in the gas phase and photolysis of aqueous reaction systems using one VUV light source

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0081 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T.M. Hashem ◽

M. Zirlewagen ◽

A. M. Braun

Keyword(s):

Gas Phase ◽

Light Source ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Reaction System ◽

Photochemical Reactions ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Photochemical Generation ◽

Kinetics Of

A more efficient use of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation produced by an immersed Xe-excimer light source (172 nm) was investigated for the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous systems. All emitted VUV radiation from one light source was used in two simultaneous but separate photochemical reactions: (1) photochemical generation of ozone by irradiating oxygen in the gas phase and (2) photolysis of the aqueous reaction system. The gas stream containing the generated ozone is sparged into the reaction system, thus enhancing the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. The photochemically generated ozone in the gas phase was quantitatively analyzed, and the kinetics of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were determined under different experimental conditions. The results show that the rates of degradation of the substrate and of the DOC decrease in the order of the applied processes, VUV/O3 > O3 > VUV.

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Same model, different conclusions: An identifiability issue in the linear ballistic accumulator model of decision-making

10.31234/osf.io/2xu7f ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan J. Evans

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Diffusion Model ◽

Large Scale ◽

Drift Rate ◽

Decision Time ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Decision Threshold ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Model Application ◽

Linear Ballistic Accumulator

Evidence accumulation models (EAMs) – the dominant modelling framework for speeded decision-making – have become an important tool for model application. Model application involves using specific model to estimate parameter values that relate to different components of the cognitive process, and how these values differ over experimental conditions and/or between groups of participants. In this context, researchers are often agnostic to the specific theoretical assumptions made by different EAM variants, and simply desire a model that will provide them with an accurate measurement of the parameters that they are interested in. However, recent research has suggested that the two most commonly applied EAMs – the diffusion model and the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) – come to fundamentally different conclusions when applied to the same empirical data. The current study provides an in-depth assessment of the measurement properties of the two models, as well as the mapping between, using two large scale simulation studies and a reanalysis of Evans (2020a). Importantly, the findings indicate that there is a major identifiability issue within the standard LBA, where differences in decision threshold between conditions are practically unidentifiable, which appears to be caused by a tradeoff between the threshold parameter and the overall drift rate across the different accumulators. While this issue can be remedied by placing some constraint on the overall drift rate across the different accumulators – such as constraining the average drift rate or the drift rate of one accumulator to have the same value in each condition – these constraints can qualitatively change the conclusions of the LBA regarding other constructs, such as non-decision time. Furthermore, all LBA variants considered in the current study still provide qualitatively different conclusions to the diffusion model. Importantly, the current findings suggest that researchers should not use the unconstrained version of the LBA for model application, and bring into question the conclusions of previous studies using the unconstrained LBA.

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Cultivation of Milky Mushroom (Calocybeindica) in Greenhouse

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i931348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

P. Indraja ◽

M. Madhava ◽

S. Satyam ◽

P. R. Chandra ◽

S. Joy Prince

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Large Scale ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

The Other ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Mushroom Cultivation ◽

Experimental Conditions

Mushroom cultivation is one of the most important steps in diversification of agriculture. Milky mushroom (Calocybeindica) is a tropical edible mushroom, popular because of its good nutritive value and it can be cultivated commercially on large scale. Generally, by creating controlled environment in rooms mushroom cultivation is taken up, In traditional method it is typical to manage the atmospheric temperature and humidity in desired range, which can be maintained easily in greenhouse by automatic control system.Cultivation of milky mushroom in greenhouse was taken up in controlled environment under three different conditions of controlled temperature and relative humidity (RH). The experimental conditions are 28°C and 79% RH, 24°C and 84% RH and 32°C and 72%RH. The yield obtained was found maximum at 24°C temperature and 84% relative humidity when compared with the other two greenhouse environment conditions. The yield from the mushroom cultivation under controlled environmental conditions in greenhouse was found to be high when compared with the conventional practice. It was concluded that, the mushroom cultivation yields high under controlled greenhouse conditions and also economical compared to the conventional method.

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Normalisr: normalization and association testing for single-cell CRISPR screen and co-expression

10.1101/2021.04.12.439500 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lingfei Wang

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Statistical Hypothesis ◽

P Value ◽

Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Library Size ◽

Association Testing

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unprecedented technical and statistical potential to study gene regulation but is subject to technical variations and sparsity. Here we present Normalisr, a linear-model-based normalization and statistical hypothesis testing framework that unifies single-cell differential expression, co-expression, and CRISPR scRNA-seq screen analyses. By systematically detecting and removing nonlinear confounding from library size, Normalisr achieves high sensitivity, specificity, speed, and generalizability across multiple scRNA-seq protocols and experimental conditions with unbiased P-value estimation. We use Normalisr to reconstruct robust gene regulatory networks from trans-effects of gRNAs in large-scale CRISPRi scRNA-seq screens and gene-level co-expression networks from conventional scRNA-seq.

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Large-scale synthesis of Au–WO3 porous hollow spheres and their photocatalytic properties

Catalysis Science & Technology ◽

10.1039/c7cy01399j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (17) ◽

pp. 3702-3706 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chenying He ◽

Xia Li ◽

Yahui Li ◽

Junfang Li ◽

Guangcheng Xi

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Photocatalytic Degradation ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hollow Spheres ◽

Photocatalytic Properties ◽

Excellent Activity ◽

Visible Light Photocatalytic

Uniform Au–WO3 porous hollow spheres have been synthesized on a large-scale by a general in situ reaction. The hybrid materials exhibit excellent activity for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

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Breaking the Wall of Monocentric Governance: Polycentricity in the Governance of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic

The Yearbook of Polar Law Online ◽

10.1163/22116427-91000123 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 185-232

Author(s):

Tahnee Lisa Prior

Keyword(s):

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Environmental Governance ◽

Institutional Design ◽

The Arctic ◽

Small Scale ◽

Governance Capacity ◽

Human Environment ◽

Polycentric Governance

Abstract We often mistakenly assume that institutional design will remain effective indefinitely. Complex long-term environmental challenges illuminate the disparity between institutions and state boundaries. While globalization has challenged monocentrism, we must look beyond traditional measures and design resilient governance systems, such as polycentric governance, that combine trust and local expertise in small-scale governance with the governance capacity of large-scale systems. These harness globalization’s benefits and provide solutions for the effects of ecosystem changes. This work examines the lessons – benefits, challenges, limitations, and unanswered questions – that may be learned from polycentric governance in the case of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic, where a polycentric political system has developed as a result of a mismatch in environmental, jurisdictional, and temporal scales. Section One examines characteristics of polycentricity, focusing on actors, multilevel governance, degree of formality, and the nature of interactions. Section Two concentrates on the tools utilized. Section Three applies the outlined framework. Finally, Section Four examines three lessons that global environmental governance may learn from the case study: (1) Peak organizations are effective tools for managing polycentricity, allowing for the inclusion of non-state actors, such as indigenous peoples organizations (2) and epistemic communities (3), in bridging the human-environment nexus.

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