Hydro-thermal synthesis of SnO2@hard-carbon ultrafine composites for anodic performances in lithium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1684
Author(s):  
Lingfang Li ◽  
Changling Fan ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Taotao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Hard Carbon ◽  
Thermal Synthesis ◽  
X Ray

Preparation of nano-structured SnO2@HC composites is an effective strategy to develop advanced tin-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries. In this study, cellulose with three-dimensional multi-layer structure was chosen as hard carbon source. An ultrafine composite of SnO2 and hard carbon, SnO2@HC, was prepared by hydro-thermal method. X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption–desorption technique, and electrochemical characterization were used to illustrate the microstructure, surface composition, pore features, and electrochemical performance of this composite. Results showed that in-situ growth of 3–5 nm SnO2 dots anchored on hard carbon particles formed a stable structure with abundant micropores and mesopores, which showed its good rate and cycle performance. The capacity stabilized at about 300 mAh/g after 10 cycles, at the current density of 200 mA/g. For the composite with Sn4+ to C molar ratio of 0.2:1, the discharge capacity was greater than 600 mAh/g at the current density of 50 mA/g, and 160 mAh/g capacity was released at 2 A/g.

scholarly journals Crystallization of TiO2-MoS2 Hybrid Material under Hydrothermal Treatment and Its Electrochemical Performance

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Siwińska-Ciesielczyk ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Dominika Rymarowicz ◽  
Adam Kubiak ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Surface

Hydrothermal crystallization was used to synthesize an advanced hybrid system containing titania and molybdenum disulfide (with a TiO2:MoS2 molar ratio of 1:1). The way in which the conditions of hydrothermal treatment (180 and 200 °C) and thermal treatment (500 °C) affect the physicochemical properties of the products was determined. A physicochemical analysis of the fabricated materials included the determination of the microstructure and morphology (scanning and transmission electron microscopy—SEM and TEM), crystalline structure (X-ray diffraction method—XRD), chemical surface composition (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy—EDS) and parameters of the porous structure (low-temperature N2 sorption), as well as the chemical surface concentration (X-ray photoelectron spectroscop—XPS). It is well known that lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) represent a renewable energy source and a type of energy storage device. The increased demand for energy means that new materials with higher energy and power densities continue to be the subject of investigation. The objective of this research was to obtain a new electrode (anode) component characterized by high work efficiency and good electrochemical properties. The synthesized TiO2-MoS2 material exhibited much better electrochemical stability than pure MoS2 (commercial), but with a specific capacity ca. 630 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g.

High Reversible Capacity of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Chang Jing Fu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
A Current

Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-rGO) was synthesized in the process of preparation of reduced graphene oxide from the expanded graphite through the improved Hummers’ method. The morphology, structure and composition of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (GO) and N-rGO were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nitrogen content of N-rGO was approximately 5 at.%. The electrochemical performances of N-rGO as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were evaluated in coin-type cells versus metallic lithium. Results showed that the obtained N-rGO exhibited a higher reversible specific capacity of 519 mAh g-1 at a current density of 100 mA⋅g-1 and 207.5 mAh⋅g-1 at a current density of 2000 mA⋅g-1. The excellent cycling stability and high-rate capability of N-rGO as anodes of lithium-ion battery were attributed to the large number of surface defects caused by the nitrogen doping, which facilitates the fast transport of Li-ion and electron on the interface of electrolyte/electrode.

Layer-by-Layer Structure Design of G@SiOx@PPY Materials as Promising High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150120
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zhang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Chun Ju Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Cyclic Stability ◽  
Discharge Cycle ◽  
Charge Discharge

The graphene/silicon oxide/polypyrrole (G/SiOx/PPY) material was prepared in this paper. The G/SiOx/PPY material has good electrochemical performances including high capacity and cyclic stability. It has 2068/2130[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] of capacity after 100th charge/discharge cycle at 200[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] of current density and 575/569[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] of capacity after 100th charge/discharge cycle at 2000[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text] of current density when G/SiOx molar ratio is 1:5. Its capacity increases but its cyclic stability decreases with G/SiOx molar ratio decreasing from 1:1 to 1:3 and 1:5. The electrochemical performance improvement of the G/SiOx/PPY material is due to the synergetic effect of graphene and polypyrrole, which improve the conductivity of SiOx and prevent its dropping from the surface of the electrode caused by the stress due to the volume expansion and shrinkage in charge/discharge cycles.

scholarly journals Integrated Anode Electrode Composited Cu–Sn Alloy and Separator for Microscale Lithium Ion Batteries

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Kai Jiang ◽  
Shuting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Anode Electrode ◽  
Integrated Anode ◽  
A Current

A novel integrated electrode structure was designed and synthesized by direct electrodepositing of Cu–Sn alloy anode materials on the Celgard 2400 separator (Cel-CS electrode). The integrated structure of the Cel-CS electrode not only greatly simplifies the battery fabrication process and increases the energy density of the whole electrode, but also buffers the mechanical stress caused by volume expansion of Cu–Sn alloy active material; thus, effectively preventing active material falling off from the substrate and improving the cycle stability of the electrode. The Cel-CS electrode exhibits excellent cycle performance and superior rate performance. A capacity of 728 mA·h·g−1 can be achieved after 250 cycles at the current density of 100 mA·g−1. Even cycled at a current density of 5 A·g−1 for 650 cycles, the Cel-CS electrode maintained a specific capacity of 938 mA·h·g−1, which illustrates the potential application prospects of the Cel-CS electrode in microelectronic devices and systems.

scholarly journals Effect of LiNO3 on Expansion of Alkali–Silica Reaction in Rock Prisms and Concrete Microbars Prepared by Sandstone

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Lanqing Yu ◽  
Min Deng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of LiNO3 on the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) expansion of reactive sandstone and the mechanism through which this occurs. This paper presents the results from tests carried out on rock prisms and concrete microbars prepared by sandstone and LiNO3. The findings show that LiNO3 does not decrease the expansion of these samples unless the molar ratio of [Li]/[Na + K] exceeds 1.66, and the expansion is greatly increased when its concentration is below this critical concentration. The expansion stress test proves that Li2SiO3 is obviously expansive. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicate that LiNO3 reacts with the microcrystalline quartz inside sandstone, inhibiting the formation of ASR gel, and the formation of Li2SiO3 causes larger expansion. A high concentration of LiNO3 might inhibit the ASR reaction in the early stages, and the formation of Li2SiO3 causes expansion and cracks in concrete after a long period of time.

scholarly journals Effect of Prelithiation Process for Hard Carbon Negative Electrode on the Rate and Cycling Behaviors of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Abe ◽  
Tomoaki Saito ◽  
Seiji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Current ◽  
Hard Carbon ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Charge Discharge ◽  
Ion Insertion

Two prelithiation processes (shallow Li-ion insertion, and thrice-repeated deep Li-ion insertion and extraction) were applied to the hard carbon (HC) negative electrode (NE) used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). LIB full-cells were assembled using Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 positive electrodes (PEs) and the prelithiated HC NEs. The assembled full-cells were charged and discharged under a low current density, increasing current densities in a stepwise manner, and then constant under a high current density. The prelithiation process of shallow Li-ion insertion resulted in the high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the full-cell at the initial charge-discharge cycles as well as in a superior rate capability. The prelithiation process of thrice-repeated Li-ion insertion and extraction attained an even higher CE and a high charge-discharge specific capacity under a low current density. However, both prelithiation processes decreased the capacity retention during charge-discharge cycling under a high current density, ascertaining a trade-off relationship between the increased CE and the cycling performance. Further elimination of the irreversible capacity of the HC NE was responsible for the higher utilization of both the PE and NE, attaining higher initial performances, but allowing the larger capacity to fade throughout charge-discharge cycling.

Graphitic carbon nitride modified with Pd nanoparticles toward efficient cathode catalyst for Li-O2 batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 2051045
Author(s):  
Kaicheng Yue ◽  
Zhaoqian Yan ◽  
Zhihao Sun ◽  
Anran Li ◽  
Lei Qian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Cathode Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cathode Catalysts

In this work, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was modified by Pd nanoparticles (Pd-CN) to prepare an efficient cathode catalyst for Li-O2 batteries. The specific surface area of g-C3N4 was improved to 239.56[Formula: see text]m2/g by two-steps thermal polymerization. Pd nanoparticles were loaded onto the g-C3N4 by K2PdCl4 reduction with NaBH4. The resulted Pd-CN composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results proved that g-C3N4 showed three-dimensional layered and porous structure, and Pd nanoparticles were successfully supported on it. The Li-O2 batteries using Pd-CN composites as cathode catalysts were assembled and tested. The maximum initial discharge specific capacity reached 26,614[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at current density of 100[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. The electrodes remained large capacity under high current density, meaning excellent rate capability. Li-O2 batteries containing Pd-CN cathode were continuously cycled for 70 cycles with no loss of capacity and obvious change in the terminal voltage. These electrochemical results indicated that the loading Pd nanoparticles effectively increased specific capacity, reduced overpotential and improved the cyclic stability. The Pd-CN composites are proved to be the promising cathode catalysts for Li-O2 batteries.

Electrochemical Performance Cr Doped Spinel LiMn2O4 Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Si Qi Wen ◽  
Liang Chao Gao ◽  
Jia Li Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhi Cheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Discharge Test

To improve the cycle performance of spinel LiMn2O4as the cathode of 4 V class lithium ion batteries, spinel were successfully prepared using the sol-gel method. The dependence of the physicochemical properties of the spinel LiCrxMn2-xO4(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) powders powder has been extensively investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), charge-discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that as Mn is replaced by Cr, the initial capacity decreases, but the cycling performance improves due to stabilization of spinel structure. Of all, the LiCr0.2Mn1.8O4has best electrochemical performance, 107.6 mAhg-1discharge capacity, 96.1% of the retention after 50 cycles.

Electrochemical performances of pyrolytic-cellulose for lithium and sodium ion batteries anode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1685-1691
Author(s):  
Lingfang Li ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Sichao Su ◽  
Bin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Hard Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Storage ◽  
Charge Discharge

At present, due to the depletion of fossil fuels and increasingly serious environmental problems, more and more attention has been paid to the development and application of functional nanostructured materials as renewable energy storage materials. Herein, lithium and sodium storage properties of hard carbons (HC) prepared by pyrolyzing cellulose were investigated. The orderliness and bonding mode of hard carbon were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties were characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry, electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and charge–discharge test. Results showed that the cellulose-derived hard carbon had good lithium and sodium storage performance. The charge–discharge capacity was about 400 mAh/g and 240 mAh/g, respectively, at a current density of 0.2 A/g, and capacity was also stable under high current density of 2 A/g.

Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Electrochemical Properties of Si/C Composites Using Graphite and Glucose as Carbon Source

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3506-3509
Author(s):  
Xu Ma ◽  
Yu Ling Liu ◽  
Ling Long Kong ◽  
Yan Hong Ding ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Charge Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Battery Anode ◽  
Charge Discharge ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Discharge Test

Si/C composites were synthesized by using graphite and glucose as carbon source. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM). The electrochemical charge/discharge test was used to evaluate capacity and cycling stability of the composites. The first discharge and charge capacity of SGC composite using graphite and glucose as carbon source were 1661mAh/g and 1259.1 mAh/g, and the first coulombic efficiency was 75.8%. After 20 cycles, the capacity of SGC composite was 380 mAh/g and the coulombic efficiency remained over 98%.

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