scholarly journals Discrepancies between Different Northern Hemisphere Summer Atmospheric Data Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Greatbatch ◽  
Ping-ping Rong
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Northern Hemisphere summer (July–August) data from the NCEP–NCAR and ECMWF 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) reanalyses are compared with each other and with Trenberth's sea level pressure (SLP) dataset. Discrepancies in SLP and 500 hPa are mostly confined to a band connecting North Africa and Asia. In the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, there is a negative offset in SLP over North Africa and Asia prior to the late 1960s, together with a similar problem in 500-hPa height, and in Trenberth's data there is a negative offset in SLP over Asia prior to the early 1990s. Both these offsets magnify the linear trend from 1958 to 2002 over North Africa and Asia in the NCEP–NCAR and Trenberth datasets. On the other hand, the interannual variability in the three datasets is highly correlated during the periods between these offsets. Compared to SLP and 500-hPa height, there is a more extensive area of discrepancy in 2-m temperature that extends eastward from North Africa across the subtropics into the Pacific, with an additional area of discrepancy over the Arctic and parts of the American continent. At 500 and 100 hPa, the biggest differences in the temperature time series are found in the Tropics, with a marked jump being evident in the late 1970s in the NCEP–NCAR, but not in the ERA-40, reanalysis that is almost certainly associated with the introduction of satellite data. On the other hand, all three datasets agree well over Europe. The summer North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), defined here as the first EOF of summer mean SLP over the Euro-Atlantic sector, agrees well between the different datasets. The results indicate that the upward trend in the summer index in the 1960s is part of a longer-period interdecadal cycle, with relatively high index values also being found during the 1930s. The running cross correlation between the central England temperature record and the summer NAO shows a strong correlation throughout the last half of the twentieth century, but much reduced correlation in the early part of the twentieth century. It is not clear whether the change in correlation is real, or a data artifact, a topic that requires further research.

State of Fashion: Searching for the New Luxury

APRIA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
José Teunissen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In the last few years, it has often been said that the current fashion system is outdated, still operating by a twentieth-century model that celebrates the individualism of the 'star designer'. In I- D, Sarah Mower recently stated that for the last twenty years, fashion has been at a cocktail party and has completely lost any connection with the public and daily life. On the one hand, designers and big brands experience the enormous pressure to produce new collections at an ever higher pace, leaving less room for reflection, contemplation, and innovation. On the other hand, there is the continuous race to produce at even lower costs and implement more rapid life cycles, resulting in disastrous consequences for society and the environment.

Gender and Social Exclusion in European Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 658-676
Author(s):  
Marlou Schrover
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
European Migration

This chapter discusses social exclusion in European migration from a gendered and historical perspective. It discusses how from this perspective the idea of a crisis in migration was repeatedly constructed. Gender is used in this chapter in a dual way: attention is paid to differences between men and women in (refugee) migration, and to differences between men and women as advocates and claim makers for migrant rights. There is a dilemma—recognized mostly for recent decades—that on the one hand refugee women can be used to generate empathy, and thus support. On the other hand, emphasis on women as victims forces them into a victimhood role and leaves them without agency. This dilemma played itself out throughout the twentieth century. It led to saving the victims, but not to solving the problem. It fortified rather than weakened the idea of a crisis.

The avant-garde’s visual arts in the context of Santayana’s idea of vital liberty

Human Affairs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skowroński
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Universe

AbstractIn the present paper, the author looks at the political dimension of some trends in the visual arts within twentieth-century avant-garde groups (cubism, expressionism, fauvism, Dada, abstractionism, surrealism) through George Santayana’s idea of vital liberty. Santayana accused the avant-gardists of social and political escapism, and of becoming unintentionally involved in secondary issues. In his view, the emphasis they placed on the medium (or diverse media) and on treating it as an aim in itself, not, as it should be, as a transmitter through which a stimulating relationship with the environment can be had, was accompanied by a focus on fragments of life and on parts of existence, and, on the other hand, by a de facto rejection of ontology and cosmology as being crucial to understanding life and the place of human beings in the universe. The avant-gardists became involved in political life by responding excessively to the events of the time, instead of to the everlasting problems that are the human lot.

scholarly journals Genre, Computation, and the Varieties of Twentieth-Century U.S. Fiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
World War ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Textual Content

Is "literary fiction" a useful genre label in the post-World War II United States? In some sense, the answer is obviously yes; there are sections marked "literary fiction" on Amazon, in bookstores, and on Goodreads, all of which contain many postwar and contemporary titles. Much of what is taught in contemporary fiction classes also falls under the heading of literary fiction, even if that label isn't always used explicitly. On the other hand, literary fiction, if it hangs together at all, may be defined as much by its (or its consumers') resistance to genre as by its positive textual content. That is, where conventional genres like the detective story or the erotic romance are recognizable by the presence of certain character types, plot events, and narrative styles, it is difficult to find any broadly agreeable set of such features by which literary fiction might be consistently identified.

scholarly journals Total ozone trends and variability during 1979–2012 from merged datasets of various satellites

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30407-30452 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chehade ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
M. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract. The study presents a~long term statistical trend analysis of total ozone datasets obtained from various satellites. A multi-variate linear regression was applied to annual mean zonal mean data using various natural and anthropogenic explanatory variables that represent dynamical and chemical processes which modify global ozone distributions in a changing climate. The study investigated the magnitude and zonal distribution of the different atmospheric chemical and dynamical factors to long-term total ozone changes. The regression model included the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), the 11 yr solar cycle, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), stratospheric aerosol loading describing the effects from major volcanic eruptions, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Arctic and Antarctic Oscillation (AO/AAO), and accumulated eddy heat flux (EHF), the latter representing changes due to the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The total ozone column dataset used here comprises the SBUV/TOMS/OMI merged data (1979–2012) MOD V8.0, the SBUV/SBUV-2 merged V8.6 and the merged GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2 (GSG) WFDOAS merged data (1995–2012). The trend analysis was performed for twenty six 5° wide latitude bands from 65° S to 65° N, the analysis explained most of the ozone variability. The results show that QBO dominates the ozone variability in the tropics (±7 DU) while at higher latitudes, the dynamical indices, AO/AAO and eddy heat flux, have substantial influence on total ozone variations by up to ±10 DU. Volcanic aerosols are only prominent during the eruption periods and these together with the ENSO signal are more evident in the Northern Hemisphere. The signature of the solar cycle is evident over all latitudes and contributes about 10 DU from solar maximum to solar minimum. EESC is found to be a main contributor to the long-term ozone decline and the trend changes after the end of 1990s. A positive significant trend in total ozone columns is found after 1997 (between 1 and 8.2 DU decade−1) which points at the slowing of ozone decline and the onset of ozone recovery. The EESC based trends are compared with the trends obtained from the statistical piecewise linear trend (PWLT or hockey stick) model with a turnaround in 1997 to examine the differences between both approaches. Similar and significant pre-turnaround trends are observed. On the other hand, our results do indicate that the positive PWLT turnaround trends are larger than indicated by the EESC trends, however, they agree within 2-sigma, thus demonstrating the success of the Montreal Protocol phasing out of the ozone depleting substances (ODS). A sensitivity study is carried out by comparing the regression results, using SBUV MOD 8.0 merged time series (1979–2012) and a merged dataset combining TOMS/SBUV (1979–June 1995) and GOME/SCIAMACHY/GOME-2 ("GSG") WFDOAS (Weighting Function DOAS) (July 1995–2012) as well as SBUV/SBUV-2 MOD 8.6 (1979–2012) in the regression analysis in order to investigate the uncertainty in the long-term trends due to different ozone datasets and data versions. Replacing the late SBUV merged data record with GSG data (unscaled and adjusted) leads to very similar results demonstrating the high consistency between satellite datasets. However, the comparison of the new SBUV merged Mod V8.6 with the V8.0 data showed somewhat smaller sensitivities with regard to several proxies, however, the EESC and PWLT trends are very similar. On the other hand, the new MOD 8.6 data in the PWLT model revealed a~reduced ODS related upward trend after 1997.

Re-Visiting the Implications of Contemporary Epistemological Models for the Understanding of Religious Experience: an Overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 278-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Veldsman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Culturally Embedded

AbstractThe more recently proposed epistemological models (cf Gregersen & Van Huyssteen, eds., Rethinking Theology and Science: Six Models for the Current Dialogue) within the context of the science and religion debate, have opened up galaxie,s of meanirzg on the interface of the debates which are inviting for exploralive, theological travelling. But how are we epistemologically to judge not only oui journets but also the rethinking of the implications of these epistemological models for our understanding of religious experience and our experience of transcendence? The interdisciplinary space that has been opened up in an exciting post-foundational manner zuithirz these very debates, leaves us as rational persons, embedded in a very specific social and historical context, with the haunting cognitive pluralist question on how to reach beyond the limits of our own epistemic traditions (Wentzel van Huyssteen). This question is pursued as an effort on the one hand to unmask epistemic arrogance and, on the other hand, not to take refuge in the insular comfort of internally closed language-systems. It is an effort to address relativism and a 'twentieth-century despair of any knozuledye of reality' (Polkinghorne). It is finally an effort to conceptually revisit the implications of tltese models for our understanding of our culturally embedded religious experience.

scholarly journals Upper Pleistocene deposits of the Comprida Island (São Paulo State) dated by thermoluminescence method

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENITIRO SUGUIO ◽  
SONIA H. TATUMI ◽  
EMÍLIA A. KOWATA ◽  
CASIMIRO S. MUNITA ◽  
ROSEMEIRE P. PAIVA
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
The Real ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Southern Extremity ◽  
Quaternary Glaciations

The Cananéia (Upper Pleistocene) and the Comprida Island (Holocene) formations, outcropping in the Comprida island (SP) have been mapped using geomorphological and lithological criteria. Only one sample of the Cananéia Formation, collected in the homonymous island in front of the Comprida Island, was beyond the limit of the standard radiocarbon method. But since the publication of the geological map of the area in 1978, there has been some doubt on the real occurrence of Pleistocene deposits in southern extremity of Comprida Island. This paper deals with the results of thermoluminescence (TL) ages of eight samples from Comprida Island, which corroborate the Pleistocene age assumed during mapping surveys of these deposits. On the other hand, possible interpretations of the obtained ages, in relation to their depositional environments and related northern hemisphere Quaternary glaciations, are presented.

scholarly journals Arctic Sea Ice Volume Variability over 1901–2010: A Model-Based Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 4731-4752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel J. Schweiger ◽  
Kevin R. Wood ◽  
Jinlun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Ocean Modeling ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Sea Ice Decline ◽  
Arctic Sea

Abstract PIOMAS-20C, an Arctic sea ice reconstruction for 1901–2010, is produced by forcing the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) with ERA-20C atmospheric data. ERA-20C performance over Arctic sea ice is assessed by comparisons with measurements and data from other reanalyses. ERA-20C performs similarly with respect to the annual cycle of downwelling radiation, air temperature, and wind speed compared to reanalyses with more extensive data assimilation such as ERA-Interim and MERRA. PIOMAS-20C sea ice thickness and volume are then compared with in situ and aircraft remote sensing observations for the period of ~1950–2010. Error statistics are similar to those for PIOMAS. We compare the magnitude and patterns of sea ice variability between the first half of the twentieth century (1901–40) and the more recent period (1980–2010), both marked by sea ice decline in the Arctic. The first period contains the so-called early-twentieth-century warming (ETCW; ~1920–40) during which the Atlantic sector saw a significant decline in sea ice volume, but the Pacific sector did not. The sea ice decline over the 1979–2010 period is pan-Arctic and 6 times larger than the net decline during the 1901–40 period. Sea ice volume trends reconstructed solely from surface temperature anomalies are smaller than PIOMAS-20C, suggesting that mechanisms other than warming, such as changes in ice motion and deformation, played a significant role in determining sea ice volume trends during both periods.

Angiopoietin-1 and Osteopontin Expression by CD138+ Myeloma Cells Rather Than VEGF and CD45 Correlates with Bone Marrow Angiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma Patients at the Diagnosis.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2501-2501
Author(s):  
Nicola Giuliani ◽  
Simona Colla ◽  
Francesca Morandi ◽  
Sabrina Bonomini ◽  
Mirca Lazzaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Angiopoietin 1

Abstract Bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis is increased in Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients and correlates with disease progression and patient survival. Myeloma cells secrete the main endothelial growth factor VEGF. In mouse models VEGF secretion as well as the angiogenic properties of MM cells correlate with the lack of CD45 expression by MM cells. However, recent data indicate that VEGF plasma cell expression is similar between MGUS and MM patients suggesting that other molecules could be involved. In line with this hypothesis we have recently demonstrated that myeloma cells may also produce factors with angiogenic properties as angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) and osteopontin (OPN) that are involved in myeloma induced angiogenesis in vitro. In order to identify which factors correlate with BM angiogenesis in MM patients, we have investigated in a cohort of 121 newly diagnosed MM patients (stage I–III) the expression of the angiogenic molecules VEGF, ANG-1 and OPN and their correlation with bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis and CD45 expression by MM cells. We found that 90% of CD138+ MM cells tested were positive for VEGF mRNA. On the other hand we found that 50% and 40 % of MM patients were positive for ANG-1 and OPN mRNA respectively. Using the previously published cut off for CD45 expression we found that 61 out of 121 MM patients were positive for CD45 and 60 out of 121 were negative for CD45 expression. Any correlation was not observed between VEGF expression and BM angiogenesis in MM patients (p=0.5), whereas the number of microvessels X field was higher in Ang-1 positive patients in comparison with Ang-1 negative ones (mean±SE: 6.23±0.2 vs. 2.94±0.1, median: 6.21 vs. 2.79; p=0.001,) and the microvascular density (MVD) was significantly increased (32.98±1.7 vs. 14.55±1.3, median: 34.69 vs. 13.04; p<0.01; capillaries: 26.73±1.3 vs. 10.42±0.8, median: 24.06 vs. 9.04; p<0.01, small venules: 9.56 ±0.5 vs. 4.14±0.5, median: 10.60 vs. 3.65; p<0.01). Furthermore a significantly positive correlation between Ang-1 expression and MVD was found (Pearson Chi-square: p=0.036, Cochran’s Linear Trend: p=0.01). A significantly higher MVD was also observed in the group of patients positive for OPN, (mean±SE: 29.1±0.7 vs. 17.55±0.37; p<0.01) and similarly, the number of microvessels per field was higher in OPN positive patients in comparison with OPN negative ones (mean±SE: 6.7±0.15 vs. 4.28±0.04; p=0.05). On the other hand, any significant difference was not observed between CD45 positive and CD45 negative patients for the expression of VEGF (p=0.4), ANG-1 (p=0.3) and OPN (p=0.09). Consistently we did not find any significant difference in both MVD and number of vessels X field between CD45 positive patients as compared with CD45 negative ones (p=0.5 and p=0.4, respectively). Finally, a multivariate analysis confirmed that VEGF and CD45 did not correlate with the BM angiogenesis showing that ANG-1 expression by MM cells was more tightly correlated with MVD and the number of vessels X field as compared to OPN. Our data indicate that ANG-1 and in part OPN rather than VEGF and CD45 expression by MM cells are the critical determinants correlated with the increase of BM angiogenesis that occurs in MM patients at the diagnosis.

Clairvoyants and mediums search for Franklin

Polar Record ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gillies Ross
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status

The search for Sir John Franklin (1847–59) coincided with a growing interest in mesmerism and modern spiritualism in Britain. Several clairvoyants, claiming to ‘see’ Franklin's ships and crews in the Arctic, made statements about the status and location of the overdue expedition, and at least three mediums described communications with Franklin’s spirit. Although the Admiralty provided assistance to Dr Haddock, the mesmerist of Emma, the Bolton clairvoyant, they did not take any action on the basis of her statements, probably because the various accounts were contradictory and could not be verified, and because the Admiralty Lords were sceptical of paranormal phenomena. Lady Franklin, on the other hand, visited clairvoyants and altered the plans for her search expeditions under Forsyth and Kennedy on the basis of a revelation. Recently, an American medium has described more than two dozen conversations with the spirits of Sir John and Lady Franklin.

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