scholarly journals The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 000169932110683
Author(s):  
Maria Brandén ◽  
Magnus Bygren
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Ninth Graders ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Voucher Schools ◽  
Local Segregation

It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents’ country of birth and level of education. An increase in the number of local schools leads to higher levels of local segregation net of stable area characteristics, and time-varying controls for population structure and local residential segregation. In particular, the local presence of private voucher schools pushes school segregation upwards. The segregating impact of school choice opportunities is notably stronger in ‘native’ areas with high portions of highly educated parents, and in areas with low residential segregation. Our results point to the importance of embedding individual actors in relevant opportunity structures for understanding segregation processes.

scholarly journals Neighborhood, Segregation, and School Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Zoë Elisabeth Antonia Schreurs ◽  
Shu-Nu Chang Rundgren
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Assignment ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Neighborhood Segregation ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past few decades, school choice has been a widely debated issue around the globe, following the development of pluralism, liberty, and democracy. In many countries, school choice systems were preceded by residence-based school assignment systems, creating a strong connection between a neighborhood and its schools’ demographic compositions. However, schools often remain highly segregated. School segregation is thus seen as a major problem and is supposedly driven by three main factors: residential segregation, parental school choice, and schools’ selection of pupils. This paper aims to shed light on what research should be focusing on as regards school choice and residential segregation with the following two research questions: What are the links between neighborhood and school choice in the literature? How are neighborhood and school choice connected to school segregation in the literature? Two main findings emerged: (1) the neighborhood-based social networks that parents developed had limited their school choices and (2) neighborhood segregation is one of the most important factors that contributes to school segregation and is related to multi-ethnic and socioeconomic contexts.

scholarly journals Segregated Neighborhoods, Segregated Schools: Do Charters Break a Stubborn Link?

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-498
Author(s):  
Peter Rich ◽  
Jennifer Candipan ◽  
Ann Owens
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
National Sample ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Public School Choice ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Residential and school segregation have historically mirrored each other, with school segregation seen as simply reflecting residential patterns given neighborhood-based school assignment policy. We argue that the relationship is circular, such that school options also influence residential outcomes. We hypothesize that the expansion of charter schools could simultaneously lead to an increase in school segregation and a decrease in residential segregation. We examine what happens when neighborhood and school options are decoupled via public school choice in the form of charter schools using data from the census and the Common Core of Data on a national sample of more than 1,500 metropolitan districts. We find that Black-White school segregation increased and residential segregation declined in response to increases in the charter enrollment share from 2000 to 2010. In districts with charter schools, the average increase in the charter enrollment share corresponded to a 12% increase in school segregation and 2% decline in residential segregation. We find no relationship between charter school expansion and school segregation between White and Hispanic students, perhaps because Hispanic students attend more racially diverse charters than White or Black students. White-Hispanic residential segregation declined as charter enrollment increased. Our results demonstrate that educational policy is consequential for both school and neighborhood population processes. When these two contexts are decoupled via public school choice, school and neighborhood segregation patterns move in opposite directions, rather than mirroring each other. Our findings also provide a cautionary lesson for unfettered expansion of choice without integration imperatives.

scholarly journals Residential segregation and school segregation of foreign students in Barcelona

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 3251-3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Bonal ◽  
Adrián Zancajo ◽  
Rosario Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Admissions Policy ◽  
Local Education ◽  
Private Schooling ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Education Market

This article examines the dynamics of the relationship between residential and school segregation in Barcelona. The analysis explores which educational and non-educational drivers foster the school segregation of foreign students between the city’s neighbourhoods. The article also analyses to what extent the particularities of Barcelona’s admissions policy, which combines catchment areas with high levels of school choice, generate specific mechanisms of contextually bound school segregation within the local education market. The results confirm that residential segregation and educational segregation are two interrelated phenomena in Barcelona. In addition, the supply of publicly subsidised private schooling in the neighbourhoods is a main factor driving both educational segregation and isolation, especially in those neighbourhoods with a high concentration of foreign pupils. Based on the results, the article elaborates on the challenges for local education policymaking to address the dynamics of school segregation in urban spaces.

scholarly journals The Development and Dynamics of Public–Private Partnerships in the Philippines’ Education: A Counterintuitive Case of School Choice, Competition, and Privatization

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-117
Author(s):  
Andreu Termes ◽  
D. Brent Edwards ◽  
Antoni Verger
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Voucher Scheme ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Education Service ◽  
Education School ◽  
Philippine Government

Educational public–private partnerships (EPPP) have been widely implemented in the Philippines, primarily through the Education Service Contracting (ESC) voucher. Yet, the effects of this voucher on privatization of education, school choice, and competition dynamics remain largely understudied. This article addresses this gap through an investigation of families’ school choice patterns and schools’ logics of action in the Philippines’ education. Paradoxically, despite the pro-private sector impetus of the Philippine government and the implementation of the voucher scheme, the privatization of school provision in the Philippines is diminishing, and the schools receiving the voucher are becoming increasingly unaffordable for the poor families to whom the voucher was initially targeted. In parallel, despite its initial equity focus, the voucher has led to different patterns of school choice among families and to an array of responses by schools, both of which have combined to accentuate school segregation and stratification dynamics—between and within schools.

scholarly journals The role of geography in school segregation in the free parental choice context of Dutch cities

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 3074-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem R Boterman
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Choice Context ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
Dutch Cities

School segregation and residential segregation are generally highly correlated. Cities in the Netherlands are considered to be moderately segregated residentially, while the educational landscape is choice-based but publicly funded. This article analyses how school and residential segregation are interrelated in the educational landscape of Dutch cities. Drawing on individual register data about all primary school pupils in the 10 largest cities, it demonstrates that segregation by ethnicity and social class is generally high, but that the patterns differ strongly between cities. By hypothetically allocating children to the nearest schools, this article demonstrates that even in a highly choice-based school context school segregation is to a large extent the effect of residential patterns. The role of residential trends, notably gentrification, is therefore crucial for understanding the differences in current trends of school segregation across Dutch urban contexts.

The Role of Residence in School Segregation: Placing the Impact of Parental Choice in Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Taylor ◽  
Stephen Gorard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
The Impact

There have been many claims that the introduction of parental choice for schools in the United Kingdom would lead to further socioeconomic segregation between schools. However, little evidence of this has actually emerged. Instead during the first half of the 1990s, in particular, the number of children living in poverty became more equally distributed between UK secondary schools. Part of the explanation for this lies with the prior arrangements for allocating children to schools, typically based upon designated catchment areas. In this paper we argue that the degree of residential segregation that exists in England ensured that schools were already highly segregated before the introduction of market reforms to education, and has continued to be the chief determinant of segregation since. We then suggest that the School Standards and Framework Act 1998, which advocates a return to the use of catchment areas and distance to school when allocating places in oversubscribed schools, may be leading inadvertently to increased socioeconomic segregation between schools.

scholarly journals School segregation and native flight. Quasi-experimental evidence from Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Rogne ◽  
Solveig Topstad Borgen ◽  
Erlend Ingridsønn Nordrum
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Native Flight ◽  
School Preferences

Ethnic or racial segregation in schools and neighborhoods remains a persistent reality in most major cities in Western countries. Although extensively theorized, determining the exact mechanisms that produce such patterns has proven difficult. In this article, we investigate one of the potential causes of ethnic segregation in schools; native flight motivated by parents’ school preferences. Both observational and experimental evidence suggests that native or White parents have a strong preference for racially or ethnically homogeneous schools. If this is the case, this may strongly contribute to school segregation. In contexts where school enrollment is determined primarily by geographic proximity to schools, such preferences may prompt White or native parents to move away from schools with high racial or ethnic minority shares among students, thus contributing to both residential and school segregation. Drawing on extremely detailed, population-wide, geo-coded register data on families and school catchment areas for elementary schools in Oslo, the capital of Norway, we investigate whether native parents move away from schools with higher shares students with non-Western immigrant backgrounds. We employ a Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) design by exploiting the fact that within neighborhoods, the characteristics of schools differ discontinuously along school catchment area borders. The results indicate that native origin families systematically move away from schools with high shares of students with non-Western immigrant backgrounds. This process likely contributes to both school segregation and residential segregation.

The Racial Composition of Neighborhoods and Local Schools: The Role of Diversity, Inequality, and School Choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Bischoff ◽  
Laura Tach
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Neighborhood Schools ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
The Social

In an education system that draws students from residentially based attendance zones, schools are local institutions that reflect the racial composition of their surrounding communities. However, with opportunities to opt out of the zoned public school system, the social and economic contexts of neighborhoods may affect the demographic link between neighborhoods and their public neighborhood schools. Using spatial data on school attendance zones, we estimate the associations between the racial composition of elementary schools and their local neighborhoods, and we investigate how neighborhood factors shape the loose or tight demographic coupling of these parallel social contexts. The results show that greater social distance among residents within neighborhoods, as well as the availability of educational exit options, results in neighborhood public schools that are less reflective of their surrounding communities. In addition, we show that suburban schools are more demographically similar to their neighborhood attendance zones than are urban schools.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood and school effects on educational inequalities in the transition from primary to secondary education in Amsterdam

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802095901
Author(s):  
Joeke Kuyvenhoven ◽  
Willem R. Boterman
Keyword(s):  
School Context ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Composition ◽  
School Careers

Drawing on an advanced analysis of individual longitudinal register data of school careers of four cohorts of children in Amsterdam, this article suggests that school advice is highly differentiated between children of different migrant and socioeconomic backgrounds. Moreover, apart from these individual characteristics, we demonstrate that the socioeconomic composition of neighbourhoods and schools is important for understanding differences in school advice. The analysis shows that neighbourhood and school socioeconomic disadvantage negatively affects the school advice of children with highly educated parents, while socioeconomic advantage positively affects all children and especially children of lower- and intermediate-educated parents. The positive neighbourhood effects are, however, mediated by primary school context. We suggest that while most of the educational inequalities may be explained by individual characteristics, residential and school segregation intensify these inequalities, especially through the beneficial effects of neighbourhood and school advantage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document