scholarly journals Neighborhood, Segregation, and School Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Zoë Elisabeth Antonia Schreurs ◽  
Shu-Nu Chang Rundgren
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
School Assignment ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Neighborhood Segregation ◽  
Selection Of

Over the past few decades, school choice has been a widely debated issue around the globe, following the development of pluralism, liberty, and democracy. In many countries, school choice systems were preceded by residence-based school assignment systems, creating a strong connection between a neighborhood and its schools’ demographic compositions. However, schools often remain highly segregated. School segregation is thus seen as a major problem and is supposedly driven by three main factors: residential segregation, parental school choice, and schools’ selection of pupils. This paper aims to shed light on what research should be focusing on as regards school choice and residential segregation with the following two research questions: What are the links between neighborhood and school choice in the literature? How are neighborhood and school choice connected to school segregation in the literature? Two main findings emerged: (1) the neighborhood-based social networks that parents developed had limited their school choices and (2) neighborhood segregation is one of the most important factors that contributes to school segregation and is related to multi-ethnic and socioeconomic contexts.

scholarly journals Choice of Practical Subjects: Is It Still a Gendered Phenomenon? A Case of Selected Co-educational Secondary Schools in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. V. Nani ◽  
L. Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Gender Barriers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out whether the selection of practical subjects in schools was still a gendered phenomenon. The motivators were findings of an investigation on business imitations in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, which revealed that men and women still participated in gender based entrepreneurial activities. A qualitative approach, which utilised the case study design was adopted for this study. Self-administered open-ended questionnaires were used as data collection instruments. The sample comprised 5 Heads of Departments, 15 practical subject educators and 75 students from 2 purposively selected co-educational schools in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. Data were analysed according to research questions. Findings showed that there were attempts to break the gender barriers as some girls were now studying subjects that were previously male dominated and some boys had enrolled for subjects that were in the past the preserve of girls. The study concluded that there was a gradual paradigm shift in the mind-sets of school authorities, learners and some parents. Recommendations were that school authorities should continue to intensify campaigns on de-constructing the learners’ gender stereo typed mind-sets and engage various stakeholders in the change process to enable learners to comfortably fit in a globally competitive environment.

scholarly journals The opportunity structure of segregation: School choice and school segregation in Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 000169932110683
Author(s):  
Maria Brandén ◽  
Magnus Bygren
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Ninth Graders ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
Voucher Schools ◽  
Local Segregation

It is a matter of debate whether free school choice should lead to higher or lower levels of school segregation. We investigate how school choice opportunities affect school segregation utilizing geocoded Swedish population register data with information on 13 cohorts of ninth graders. We find that local school choice opportunities strongly affect the sorting of students across schools based on the parents’ country of birth and level of education. An increase in the number of local schools leads to higher levels of local segregation net of stable area characteristics, and time-varying controls for population structure and local residential segregation. In particular, the local presence of private voucher schools pushes school segregation upwards. The segregating impact of school choice opportunities is notably stronger in ‘native’ areas with high portions of highly educated parents, and in areas with low residential segregation. Our results point to the importance of embedding individual actors in relevant opportunity structures for understanding segregation processes.

Bridging Media Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Weber ◽  
Allison Eden ◽  
Richard Huskey ◽  
J. Michael Mangus ◽  
Emily Falk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Media Psychology ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Determinism ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Media neuroscience has emerged as a new area of study at the intersection of media psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In previous work, we have addressed this trend from a methodological perspective. In this paper, we outline the progression of scholarship in systematic investigations of mass communication phenomena over the past century, from behaviorism and environmental determinism to biological and evolutionary paradigms. These new paradigms are grounded in an emergentist perspective on the nature of psychological processes. We discuss what it means to ask valid research questions in media neuroscience studies and provide recent examples in the areas of interpersonal and intergroup processes, morality, and narratives as well as in persuasion and health communication. We conclude with a selection of innovative methodological avenues that have the potential to accelerate the integration of cognitive neuroscience into media psychology research.

The role of sex in cardiac function and diseaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Czubryt ◽  
Leon Espira ◽  
Lise Lamoureux ◽  
Bernard Abrenica
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Isolated Cardiomyocytes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the etiology of cardiac dysfunction. While focus has been primarily on how sex modulates atherogenesis, it is becoming clear that sex is both a predictor of outcome and an independent risk factor for a number of other cardiac diseases. Animal models and human studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms by which sex influences the function of cardiomyocytes in health and disease. This review will survey the current literature on cardiac diseases that are influenced by sex and discuss the intracellular mechanisms by which steroid sex hormones affect heart function. A theory on how sex may regulate myocardial energy metabolism to affect disease susceptibility and progression will be presented, as well as a discussion of how sex may influence outcomes of experiments on isolated cardiomyocytes by epigenetic marking.

scholarly journals Segregated Neighborhoods, Segregated Schools: Do Charters Break a Stubborn Link?

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-498
Author(s):  
Peter Rich ◽  
Jennifer Candipan ◽  
Ann Owens
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
National Sample ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Public School Choice ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Residential and school segregation have historically mirrored each other, with school segregation seen as simply reflecting residential patterns given neighborhood-based school assignment policy. We argue that the relationship is circular, such that school options also influence residential outcomes. We hypothesize that the expansion of charter schools could simultaneously lead to an increase in school segregation and a decrease in residential segregation. We examine what happens when neighborhood and school options are decoupled via public school choice in the form of charter schools using data from the census and the Common Core of Data on a national sample of more than 1,500 metropolitan districts. We find that Black-White school segregation increased and residential segregation declined in response to increases in the charter enrollment share from 2000 to 2010. In districts with charter schools, the average increase in the charter enrollment share corresponded to a 12% increase in school segregation and 2% decline in residential segregation. We find no relationship between charter school expansion and school segregation between White and Hispanic students, perhaps because Hispanic students attend more racially diverse charters than White or Black students. White-Hispanic residential segregation declined as charter enrollment increased. Our results demonstrate that educational policy is consequential for both school and neighborhood population processes. When these two contexts are decoupled via public school choice, school and neighborhood segregation patterns move in opposite directions, rather than mirroring each other. Our findings also provide a cautionary lesson for unfettered expansion of choice without integration imperatives.

scholarly journals Parental Choice or School Choice: Who Benefits from the Removal of Zoning?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Beaven
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
School Sector ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Selection Of

This paper considers the issue of parental choice, a key aspect of the Picot Report and Tomorrow’s Schools reforms. It seeks to explore two key research questions pertaining to the secondary school sector. Firstly, does the abolition of school zoning lead to greater parental choice? Secondly, do enrolment schemes create more choice for parents and students? The findings suggest that amendments to the Tomorrow’s Schools policy created less choice for some parents, particularly those who were Maori or those of low socio-economic status. It is argued that a level of state intervention is required to ensure fair, transparent selection of students in oversubscribed schools.

scholarly journals Residential segregation and school segregation of foreign students in Barcelona

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 3251-3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Bonal ◽  
Adrián Zancajo ◽  
Rosario Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Admissions Policy ◽  
Local Education ◽  
Private Schooling ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Education Market

This article examines the dynamics of the relationship between residential and school segregation in Barcelona. The analysis explores which educational and non-educational drivers foster the school segregation of foreign students between the city’s neighbourhoods. The article also analyses to what extent the particularities of Barcelona’s admissions policy, which combines catchment areas with high levels of school choice, generate specific mechanisms of contextually bound school segregation within the local education market. The results confirm that residential segregation and educational segregation are two interrelated phenomena in Barcelona. In addition, the supply of publicly subsidised private schooling in the neighbourhoods is a main factor driving both educational segregation and isolation, especially in those neighbourhoods with a high concentration of foreign pupils. Based on the results, the article elaborates on the challenges for local education policymaking to address the dynamics of school segregation in urban spaces.

scholarly journals Evolution of ARDS biomarkers: Will metabolomics be the answer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. L526-L534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Metwaly ◽  
Andreanne Cote ◽  
Sarah J. Donnelly ◽  
Mohammad M. Banoei ◽  
Ahmed I. Mourad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

To date, there is no clinically agreed-upon diagnostic test for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): the condition is still diagnosed on the basis of a constellation of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and radiological images. Development of ARDS biomarkers has been in a state of continuous flux during the past four decades. To address ARDS heterogeneity, several studies have recently focused on subphenotyping the disease on the basis of observable clinical characteristics and associated blood biomarkers. However, the strong correlation between identified biomarkers and ARDS subphenotypes has yet to establish etiology; hence, there is a need for the adoption of other methodologies for studying ARDS. In this review, we will shed light on ARDS metabolomics research in the literature and discuss advances and major obstacles encountered in ARDS metabolomics research. Generally, the ARDS metabolomics studies focused on identification of differentiating metabolites for diagnosing ARDS, but they were performed to different standards in terms of sample size, selection of control cohort, type of specimens collected, and measuring technique utilized. Virtually none of these studies have been properly validated to identify true metabolomics biomarkers of ARDS. Though in their infancy, metabolomics studies exhibit promise to unfold the biological processes underlying ARDS and, in our opinion, have great potential for pushing forward our present understanding of ARDS.

scholarly journals IMAGINING CRETAN SCRIPTS: THE INFLUENCE OF VISUAL MOTIFS ON THE CREATION OF SCRIPT-SIGNS IN BRONZE AGE CRETE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ester Salgarella
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Linear B

What's in a sign? What is there to be ‘seen’ in a sign? This paper sets out to explore the sources and processes of sign creation in the scripts of the Bronze Age Aegean, namely Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A, in use on Crete from c. 1900–1600 bce (Middle Minoan IB/II–Middle Minoan III) and c. 1800–1450 bce (Middle Minoan IIA–Late Minoan IB) respectively. Linear B, developed out of Linear A to write Greek (c. 1450–1190 bce), will also be touched upon where relevant. By investigating contemporary iconographic production and putting forward a methodological framework for the analysis and interpretation of visual motifs, a theory will be tentatively proposed for understanding the process(es) of selection of sign shapes, their incorporation into a script as script-signs and their transmission from one script onto a graphically related one. The underlying research questions leading this enquiry are the following: how did ‘images’ find their way into script(s) to become ‘signs’ in the Aegean context? Are we able to reconstruct such a process to shed light on the origin of script-signs?

scholarly journals Simbol pada Makam Syekh Bil Ma’ruf dan Sosio-Religi Pulau Tangnga Sulawesi Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Abu Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

This research concentrates on the actual religion surrounding the famed tomb-archeology of Sulawesi. This study, which focusses in particular on the Muslim religious leaders in Polewali Mandar, must first consider the first ancient tombs in Polman. In particular, we focus on the tomb at the Tangnga Island District of Binuang Polewali Mandar. Our selection of the tomb of Sheikh Bil Ma’ruf is motivated by that man’s key role and his remarkable persona given a society in which the veneration of tombs was central to people’s beliefs, and given that tomb archaeology can shed light on the sociology of a past society. It seems that the degree of veneration of a tomb corresponds to the honour in which a certain character’s memory is held. It seems that the veneration of Sheikh bil Ma’ruf’s tomb is directly proportional to the public celebration of this man’s deeds in his lifetime and the example that he gave to the flourishing local Islamic community in Sulawesi that came to be. Keywords: Sheikh Bil Ma’ruf, tomb,Sociology of Religy,Archeology Penelitian ini adalah studi tentang arkeologi-religi dengan makam sebagai objek kajiannya. Penelitian ini, menghendaki sebuah penelusuran arkeologis terhadap makam tokoh agama Islam di Polewali Mandar dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan inventarisasi makam-makam kuno di Polman. Objek kajian arkeologi religi dilakukan pada makam syekh Bil Ma’ruf di Pulau Tangnga Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Pemilihan objek makam sangat ditentukan oleh peran tokoh tersebut semasa hidupnya yang mempunyai peran keagamaan serta ketokohan kuat di tengah-tengah masyarakat. analisis sosial dilakukan untuk melihat lakon masyarakat terhadap makam. Hal ini sebagai pengejewantahan dari Archeology is sociology for the past. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan tokoh yang dimakamkan berbanding lurus dengan perilaku masyarakat terhadap makam dengan melakukan lakuan-lakuan bernuansa keagamaan yang terangkum dalam hajatan-hajatan yang dilakukannya serta pola keberislaman masyarakat setempat. Kata Kunci: Syekh Bil Ma’ruf, Makam, Sosiologi Religi, Arkeologi

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