Local Ethnic Composition and Natives’ and Immigrants’ Geographic Mobility in France, 1982–1999

Fueled by increased socioeconomic status (SES), geographic mobility, and access to lending, Latino home buying expanded during the recent housing boom. However, less is known about the types of neighborhoods Latino homebuyers accessed during this time. To address this gap, we explore how SES, mortgage type, and the metropolitan racial and ethnic context affected the racial and ethnic composition of neighborhoods for new white and Latino homeowners. We use data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act to explore these processes in 317 U.S. metropolitan areas from 2000 to 2010. Overall, we find evidence supporting both spatial assimilation theory and place stratification theory: while increased SES and loan amounts led to more white neighbors for both white and Latino homebuyers, subprime loans and the racial and ethnic context of metropolitan areas continue to constrain neighborhood attainment for Latinos.

Download Full-text

The Sociology of Country Music

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190248178.013.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Lloyd

Keyword(s):

American South ◽

The United States ◽

Country Music ◽

Ethnic Relations ◽

Geographic Mobility ◽

Sociological Study ◽

Race And Ethnic Relations ◽

Sociological Approach ◽

The American South ◽

Political Realignment

How can a sociological approach improve our understanding of country music? This chapter answers this question by focusing on the intersections between country music history and the core sociological theme of modernity. Challenging standard interpretations of country music as folk culture, it shows how the emergence of the popular commercial genre corresponds to the increasing modernization of the American South. The genre’s subsequent growth and evolution tracks central objects of sociological study including industrialization, geographic mobility, race and ethnic relations, the changing social class structure, political realignment in the United States, and (paradoxically) urbanization. Country music is comparatively understudied in the sociology of music despite its rich history and massive popularity; this chapter shows that the genre and the discipline nevertheless mutually illuminate one another in robust and often surprising ways.

Download Full-text

Latino Continual Demographic Growth: Implications for Educational Practices and Policy

Journal of Hispanic Higher Education ◽

10.1177/1538192719900383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 134-148

Author(s):

Rogelio Sáenz

Keyword(s):

Undocumented Students ◽

Population Data ◽

Community Survey ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Educational Practices ◽

American Community Survey ◽

Undergraduate Enrollment ◽

Demographic Shifts ◽

Demographic Growth ◽

The U.S

Demographic shifts have transformed the racial and ethnic composition of the U.S. undergraduate population. Data from the American Community Survey are used to analyze Latino undergraduate enrollment as well as factors that contribute to the matriculation of undocumented Latino young adults. The article concludes with an overview of the implications of the growth of the Latino population and the experience of undocumented students on educational practices and policies.

Download Full-text

The Correlates of Cognitive Status Among Older Americans Living in the Community: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 63-63

Author(s):

Ethan Siu Leung Cheung ◽

Ada Mui ◽

Seth Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Older Women ◽

Short Form ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Older Men ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Community Safety ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Community Factors

Abstract Utilizing the data in National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (n = 3,104; 54% female), the study examined the predictors of cognitive impairments in terms of community harmony, community safety, frequency of neighbor contacts, depression, and demographic factors. Bivariate analyses suggest that there were no gender differences in cognitive status (Mean of MoCA Short Form = 9.89; SD = 3.33); nor were there gender differences in age (mean age = 72.95; SD=8.29), ethnic composition (76.1% whites; 15.3% Blacks, 8.6% Asian), community harmony, community safety, frequency of neighbor contacts. On the other hand, men had more education and income than women. Psychologically, older women reported higher level of stress and depression scores than older men. Multiple regression results show that gender has a significant independent effect and joint effects with stressors and community factors in explaining cognitive impairments. Parallel regression analyses for each gender group were conducted and models were significant (P < .0001). There were common predictors of cognitive impairments for the two groups but variables had differential impacts on older men and older women. Specifically, IADL had stronger effect on older men than on older women in predicting cognitive impairments (b = -.23 vs. b=-.10); perceived community harmony had stronger impact on older women in explaining their cognitive status (b = .26 vs. b=.22); older women’s cognitive status benefitted more from perceived community safety than older men (b = .61 vs. b=.43). Regardless of gender, older Whites scored higher than Black and Asian elders in their cognition scores.

Download Full-text

Associations between Greenspace and Gentrification-Related Sociodemographic and Housing Cost Changes in Major Metropolitan Areas across the United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3315

Author(s):

Leah H. Schinasi ◽

Helen V. S. Cole ◽

Jana A. Hirsch ◽

Ghassan B. Hamra ◽

Pedro Gullon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Census Tract ◽

Household Income ◽

The United States ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Housing Cost ◽

Census Tract Level ◽

Specific Distribution ◽

Meta Analyses

Neighborhood greenspace may attract new residents and lead to sociodemographic or housing cost changes. We estimated relationships between greenspace and gentrification-related changes in the 43 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of the United States (US). We used the US National Land Cover and Brown University Longitudinal Tracts databases, as well as spatial lag models, to estimate census tract-level associations between percentage greenspace (years 1990, 2000) and subsequent changes (1990–2000, 2000–2010) in percentage college-educated, percentage working professional jobs, race/ethnic composition, household income, percentage living in poverty, household rent, and home value. We also investigated effect modification by racial/ethnic composition. We ran models for each MSA and time period and used random-effects meta-analyses to derive summary estimates for each period. Estimates were modest in magnitude and heterogeneous across MSAs. After adjusting for census-tract level population density in 1990, compared to tracts with low percentage greenspace in 1992 (defined as ≤50th percentile of the MSA-specific distribution in 1992), those with high percentage greenspace (defined as >75th percentile of the MSA-specific distribution) experienced higher 1990–2000 increases in percentage of the employed civilian aged 16+ population working professional jobs (β: 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11, 0.26) and in median household income (β: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.31). Adjusted estimates for the 2000–2010 period were near the null. We did not observe evidence of effect modification by race/ethnic composition. We observed evidence of modest associations between greenspace and gentrification trends. Further research is needed to explore reasons for heterogeneity and to quantify health implications.

Download Full-text

COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e048006

Author(s):

Zhaoying Xian ◽

Anshul Saxena ◽

Zulqarnain Javed ◽

John E Jordan ◽

Safa Alkarawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asian American ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Regional Patterns ◽

Population Proportion ◽

Asian Populations ◽

The Usa ◽

Racial Ethnic

ObjectiveTo evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA.MethodsPublicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM.ResultsThe Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 158%, IQR 100%–200%). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 50%, IQR 25%–100%). The AA population had the most disproportionate mortality, with a median of 46% higher mortality than the % population proportion (median 46%, IQR 18%–66%). Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 was also seen in AI/AN and Asian populations, with 100% excess infections than the % population proportion seen in nine states for AI/AN and seven states for Asian populations. There was no disproportionate impact in the white population in any state.ConclusionsThere are racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection/mortality, with distinct state-wise patterns across the USA based on racial/ethnic composition. There were missing and inconsistently reported racial/ethnic data in many states. This underscores the need for standardised reporting, attention to specific regional patterns, adequate resource allocation and addressing the underlying social determinants of health adversely affecting chronically marginalised groups.

Download Full-text

The Bridging Activity of Multiracial Congregations

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10030204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Edward Polson ◽

Rachel Gillespie

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Social Trust ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Religious Congregations ◽

Bridging Social Capital ◽

Service Programs ◽

Multiracial Congregations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Racial Ethnic

The growing diversity of U.S. communities has led scholars to explore how racial/ethnic diversity effects social capital, civic engagement, and social trust. Less is known about the relationship between diversity and the work of community-based organizations (CBOs). In this study, we examine how the racial/ethnic composition of one ubiquitous type of CBO, religious congregations, is related to measures of organizational bridging social capital. Analyzing data collected through a census of congregations in one Midwestern county, we explore the relationship between racial/ethnic diversity and the bridging activity of religious congregations. We find that multiracial congregations are more likely to be involved with externally focused service programs, tend to support a larger number of programs, and report more interorganizational collaborators than other congregations. Our findings suggest that multiracial congregations can provide a valuable resource for increasingly diverse communities and civil society.

Download Full-text

Why Do Immigrant and Swedish Adolescents Engage in Ethnic Victimization? Common and Distinct Underlying Factors

Journal of Youth and Adolescence ◽

10.1007/s10964-021-01485-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 2236-2248

Author(s):

S. Bayram Özdemir ◽

C. Giles ◽

M. Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Composition ◽

Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽

Factors Associated ◽

School Settings ◽

Immigrant Background ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Common ◽

Native Youth ◽

Low Levels ◽

Ethnic Victimization

AbstractYouth of immigrant background are at risk of experiencing victimization due to their ethnic or cultural background. However, limited knowledge is available regarding why youth victimize their immigrant peers, and whether the factors associated with engagement in ethnic victimization vary across adolescents of different background. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study aimed to elucidate the common or differential factors associated with engagement in ethnic victimization among immigrant and native youth. The analytical sample included seventh grade students residing in Sweden from 55 classrooms (N = 963, Mage = 13.11, SD = 0.41; 46% girls; 38% youth of immigrant background). The results showed that being morally disengaged and engaging in general victimization are the common denominators of engagement in ethnic victimization for immigrant and Swedish youth. Low levels of positive attitudes toward immigrants provide a foundation for ethnic victimization among Swedish youth, but not youth of immigrant background. Classroom ethnic composition was not significantly related to engagement in ethnic victimization in either group. Predictors of engagement in ethnic victimization seem to have similarities and differences among immigrant and Swedish youth. The factors involved require further attention in developing strategies to combat bias-based hostile behaviors in diverse school settings.

Download Full-text