Institutional Results and Meta-Analysis of Outcome after Infrainguinal Surgical Revascularization in Patients Greater than 80 Years Old

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229
Author(s):  
Aristotelis Kechagias ◽  
Pekka Romsi ◽  
Kari YlÖNen ◽  
Georgios Kechagias ◽  
Tatu Juvonen ◽  
...  

Our aim was to evaluate the outcome after infrainguinal bypass revascularization in patients greater than 80 years old with lower limb ischemia treated at our institution and to perform a metaanalysis of literature data to better estimate current postoperative results. Eighty-four infrainguinal bypass procedures were performed in 76 patients of at least 80 years of age. Major outcome end points included survival, limb salvage, and amputation-free survival. Systematic review and meta-analysis of literature data on immediate and late outcome in patients older than 80 years who underwent infrainguinal surgical revascularization have been performed. At 30 days, seven patients (8.3%) died and seven major amputations (8.3%) occurred. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 1, 3, and 5 -years were 73.8, 59.8, and 43.1 per cent; leg salvage 78.9, 71.4, and 67.8 per cent; and amputation-free survival 58.3, 42.7, and 28.2 per cent, respectively. The mean survival was 4.6 ± 0.4 years. Only Finnvasc score greater than 2 was predictive of poor late amputation-free survival (at 5 years: 4.5 vs 42.3%; relative risk, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 3.76). Eleven studies were additionally available for analysis. Pooled estimates of survival at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years were 94.8, 86.0, and 47.6 per cent, respectively, and of leg salvage were 95.5, 84.7, and 84.1 per cent, respectively. Infrainguinal bypass in patients older than 80 years carries a significant operative risk and is associated with suboptimal long-term amputation-free survival, which is particularly poor among patients with a Finnvasc score greater than 2.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichao Huang ◽  
Jingmin Bai ◽  
Yanyang Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Cui ◽  
Zhizhong Zhang ◽  
...  

PurposeHemangiopericytomas are aggressive tumors known for their recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management of residual, recurrent, and metastatic intracranial hemangiopericytomas using CyberKnife (CK) stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).Materials and MethodsData were collected from 15 patients (28 tumors; eight men and seven women; 32–58 years) with residual, recurrent, or metastatic intracranial hemangiopericytomas, who were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife between January 2014 and August 2019. All patients had previously been treated with surgical resection. Initial tumor volumes ranged from 0.84 to 67.2 cm3, with a mean volume of 13.06 cm3. The mean marginal and maximum radiosurgical doses to the tumors were 21.1 and 28.76 Gy, respectively. The mean follow-up time for tumors was 34.5 months, ranging from 13 to 77 months.Results15 patients were alive after treatment; the mean post-diagnosis survival at censoring was 45.6 months (range 13–77 months). The volumes of the 28 tumors in the 15 followed patients were calculated after treatment. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mean tumor volume of 6.72 cm3 and a range of 0–67.2 cm3, with the volumes being significantly lower than pretreatment values. Follow-up imaging studies demonstrated tumor disappearance in seven (25%) of 28 tumors, reduction in 14 (50%), stability in one (3.57%), and recurrence in six (21.4%). Total tumor control was achieved in 22 (78.5%) of 28 tumors. The tumor grade and fraction time were not significantly associated with progression-free survival. Intracranial metastasis occurred in three patients, and extraneural metastasis in one patient.ConclusionsOn the basis of the current results, stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife is an effective and safe option for residual, recurrent, and metastatic intracranial hemangiopericytomas. Long-term close clinical and imaging follow-up is also necessary.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailun Xie ◽  
Shuangyi Tang ◽  
Lishuang Wei ◽  
Jialiang Gan

Abstract Background The effect of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy remains unclear. The aim of our study was to systematically explore the value of the GNRI in evaluating postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in gastrointestinal malignancy. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases to report the impact of the GNRI on postoperative complications and long-term outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies as of August 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the impact of the GNRI on long-term outcomes. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was used to assess the impact of the GNRI on postoperative complications. Result A total of nine studies with 2,153 patients were enrolled in our meta-analysis. The results suggested that a low GNRI was correlated with poor overall survival of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.65–2.28, p < 0.001). Patients with a low GNRI had a higher risk of complications than patients with a high GNRI (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.57–3.05, p < 0.001). In addition, patients with a low GNRI had shorter relapse-free survival (HR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.50–4.00, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.23–2.76, p = 0.003) than those with a high GNRI. However, the GNRI was not an independent factor affecting cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 0.91–2.82, p = 0.101). Conclusion Based on existing evidence, the GNRI was a valuable predictor of complications and long-term outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 100-B (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. L. Watkins ◽  
D. W. Elson ◽  
J. W. K. Harrison ◽  
J. Pooley

Aim The aim of this study was to report the long-term outcome and implant survival of the lateral resurfacing elbow (LRE) arthroplasty in the treatment of elbow arthritis. Patients and Methods We reviewed a consecutive series of 27 patients (30 elbows) who underwent LRE arthroplasty between December 2005 and January 2008. There were 15 women and 12 men, with a mean age of 61 years (25 to 82). The diagnosis was primary hypotrophic osteoarthritis (OA) in 12 patients (14 elbows), post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in five (five elbows) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in ten patients (11 elbows). The mean clinical outcome scores including the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow score (ASES-e), the mean range of movement and the radiological outcome were recorded at three, six and 12 months and at a mean final follow-up of 8.3 years (7.3 to 9.4). A one sample t-test comparing pre and postoperative values, and survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method were undertaken. Results A statistically significantly increased outcome score was noted for the whole group at each time interval. This was also significantly increased at each time in each of the subgroups (OA, RA, and PTOA). Implant survivorship was 100%. Conclusion We found that the LRE arthroplasty, which was initially developed for younger patients with osteoarthritis, is an effective form of surgical treatment for a wider range of patients with more severe degenerative changes, irrespective of their cause. It is therefore a satisfactory alternative to total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) and has lower rates of complications in the subgroups of patients we have studied. It does not require activities to be restricted to the same extent as following TEA. Based on this experience, we now recommend LRE arthroplasty rather than TEA as the primary form of implant for the treatment of patients with OA of the elbow. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:338–45.


2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (36) ◽  
pp. 1451-1458
Author(s):  
Apor Hardi ◽  
Gergely Varga ◽  
Zsolt Nagy ◽  
Szabolcs Kosztolányi ◽  
László Váróczy ◽  
...  

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A myeloma multiplex mindmáig alapvetően gyógyíthatatlan betegség, ezért nagy klinikai jelentőségük van az eredményes mentő kezeléseknek. A szájon át adható első proteaszómagátlóval, az ixazomibbal kiegészített lenalidomid-dexametazon terápia jól tolerálható, csak orális szerekből álló kombináció, mely hazánkban 2015 áprilisától kezdődően a „Named Patient Program” keretén belül vált elérhetővé relabált, refrakter myeloma multiplexes betegek kezelésére. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja az ixazomib-lenalidomid-dexametazon kezelés mellett a hosszú távon progressziómentes túlélők célzott vizsgálata. Módszer: A program keretében összesen 7 centrumban 80 visszaeső beteg részesült e triplet kezelésben, adataikat retrospektíven elemeztük. Leíró statisztikai és Kaplan–Meier-analízist végeztünk. Eredmények: A betegek nagyobb hányada reagált: 63,75%-os válaszarány mellett 14 (17,5%) betegnél nem volt terápiás válasz/stabil betegség alakult ki, és 15-nél (18,75%) a betegség a kezelés mellett is progrediált. A progressziómentes túlélés a teljes betegcsoportban 10,6 hónapnak adódott, ugyanakkor 16 beteg (18,75%) két éven túl progressziómentesnek bizonyult, sőt közülük 11-nél a betegség még 3 év után sem progrediált. Tanulmányunkban a fenti, hosszú távú túlélő betegcsoport tulajdonságait tárjuk fel. Megbeszélés: A folyamatos terápia a myeloma multiplex kezelésében meghatározóvá vált. Ezért fontos ismernünk, hogy kik lehetnek azok a betegek, akik különösen sokat profitálnak egy bizonyos terápiából. A hosszú távon progressziómentes túlélők között az immunglobulin-nehézláncot érintő transzlokációk vagy triszómiák közül (trend szintjén) az utóbbiak kedvezőbb progressziómentes túléléssel bírtak, de progressziómentes platót mindkét betegcsoportban észleltünk. A betegség tumortömegét mérő nemzetközi stádiumbeosztás (ISS) nem jelezte előre a hosszú túlélést. Gyógyszerelhagyáshoz vezető mellékhatást a hosszú távú túlélő csoportban egyet sem regisztráltunk; az észlelt mellékhatások nagy része enyhe volt. Következtetések: Munkánk során az ixazomib-lenalidomid-dexametazon kombinációt effektívnek és biztonságosnak találtuk relabált, refrakter myeloma multiplex kezelésére, mely a betegek mintegy hatodánál több éven át eredményesen alkalmazható. Cikkünkkel a hazai beteganyagon szerzett tapasztalatainkat szeretnénk megosztani a COVID–19-világjárvány alatt különösen aktuálissá vált, tisztán orális terápiás lehetőségről. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(36): 1451–1458. Summary. Introduction: Despite great advances in therapy, multiple myeloma is still a largely incurable disease, therefore the importance of salvage therapies is paramount. The first oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in combination with lenalidomide-dexamethasone is a tolerable, orally administered regime, which has become available for Hungarian relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma patients from April 2015 in the Named Patient Program. Objective: Our goal was to investigate the long-time progression-free surviving patient population treated with the ixazomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone triplet. Method: We retrospectively studied a total of 80 patients from 7 centers who received the triplet combination. Survival analyses were performed. Results: Two-third of the patients responded: the overall response rate was 63.75%. 14 patients (17.5%) did not respond/had stable disease and 15 patients (18.75%) outright progressed upon therapy. Although progression-free survival was only 10.6 months for the entire patient cohort, the disease in a subgroup of 16 patients did not progress within two years. In fact, 11 of them were still in sustained remission after 3 years of therapy. Our goal was to analyze the characteristics of this subgroup. Discussion: The idea of long-term therapy of multiple myeloma is gaining widespread acceptance. Therefore it is important to know which patients may benefit the most from certain therapies. Among these 16 long-term responder patients, reciprocal translocation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain seemed to lack an adverse impact on progression-free survival; comparable to trisomies, both curves had a progression-free plateau. The International Staging System (ISS) score at the start of therapy did not predict long-term survivorship. Most of the side effects in this subgroup were mild, manageable, none led to therapy discontinuation. Conclusion: Ixazomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone was confirmed to be an effective and safe combination for relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma, and one-sixth of the treated patients were able to receive it for several years, effectively. This fully oral therapeutic option is at its best during the present COVID–19 pandemic. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(36): 1451–1458.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Nirappel ◽  
Emma Klug ◽  
Cameron Neeson ◽  
Mari Chachanidze ◽  
Nathan Hall ◽  
...  

Abstract Precis: Phacoemulsification combined with MicroPulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation appears to provide significantly greater long-term IOP reduction than phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation without compromising safety.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco/ECP), phacoemulsification combined with MicroPulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (phaco/MP-TSCPC), and phacoemulsification alone (phaco) in the treatment of coexisting cataract and glaucoma. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of consecutive cases at Massachusetts Eye & Ear. The main outcome measures were the cumulative probabilities of failure between the phaco/ECP group, phaco/MP-TSCPC group, and the phaco alone group with failure defined as reaching NLP vision at any point postoperatively or the inability to maintain ≥20% IOP reduction from baseline with IOP between 5-18 mmHg. Additional outcome measures included changes in average IOP, number of glaucoma medications, and complication rates. Results: 64 eyes from 64 patients (25 phaco/ ECP, 20 phaco/ MPTSCPC, 19 phaco alone) were included in this study. The groups did not differ in age (mean 71.04 ± 6.7 years) or length of follow-up time. Primary open-angle glaucoma was the most common type of glaucoma in the phaco alone (42%) and phaco/ECP (48%) groups while mixed-mechanism glaucoma was the most common type in the phaco/MP-TSCPC group (40%). The mean IOP reductions at 1 year were 3.07 ± 5.3 mmHg from a baseline of 15.78 ± 4.7 in the phaco/ECP group, 6.0 ± 4.3 mmHg from a baseline of 18.37 ± 4.6 in the phaco/MP-TSCPC group and 1.0 ± 1.6 from a baseline of 14.30 ± 4.2 mmHg in the phaco alone group. Surgical failure was less likely in eyes in the phaco/MP-TSCPC and phaco/ECP groups compared to phaco alone based on the Kaplan-Meier survival criteria, with failure defined as the inability to maintain an IOP reduction of 20% or more with IOP between 5-18 mm Hg long term. There were no differences in complications among the three groups. Conclusions: Phaco/MP-TSCPC appears to provide for greater long-term IOP control than phaco alone and phaco/ECP. All three procedures had similar safety profiles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Yang ◽  
Jian-Gui Guo ◽  
Jia-Ni Liu ◽  
Zhi-Qiao Liu ◽  
En-Ni Chen ◽  
...  

BackgroundPrevious meta-analysis had evaluated the effect of induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. But two trials with opposite findings were not included and the long-term result of another trial significantly differed from the preliminary report. This updated meta-analysis was thus warranted.MethodsLiterature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials focusing on the additional efficacy of induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Trial-level pooled analysis of hazard ratio (HR) for progression free survival and overall survival and risk ratio (RR) for locoregional control rate and distant control rate were performed.ResultsTwelve trials were eligible. The addition of induction chemotherapy significantly prolonged both progression free survival (HR=0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.76, p&lt;0.001) and overall survival (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.80, p&lt;0.001), with 5-year absolute benefit of 11.31% and 8.95%, respectively. Locoregional (RR=0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, p=0.002) and distant control (RR=0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.80) rates were significantly improved as well. The incidence of grade 3–4 adverse events during the concurrent chemoradiotherapy was higher in leukopenia (p=0.028), thrombocytopenia (p&lt;0.001), and fatigue (p=0.038) in the induction chemotherapy group.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis supported that induction chemotherapy could benefit patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in progression free survival, overall survival, locoregional, and distant control rate.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Chen ◽  
Chunxian Zhu ◽  
Leimin Sun

Abstract Background: Malignant biliary obstruction was typically diagnosed at an advanced stage due to painless jaundice. Stent placement is the therapy of choice in this set of patients. Radiofrequency ablation is an ablative therapy which has been well recognized for treating malignant biliary strictures. This meta-analysis aims to help to better understand the safety and efficacy of biliary Radiofrequency ablation combined with stent placement. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies up to April 2020. Results: The mean difference in survival time was 54.87 days (95% confidence interval CI, 34.6-75.14), meaning patients performed with radiofrequency ablation benefit more. Reconstructed Kaplan-Meier data showed improved survival in joint intervention with RFA (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95%CI, 1.34-1.75; P < .001). However, no survival benefit was observed in the extrahepatic distal cholangiocarcinoma. With regard to patency time, the mean difference was 42.88 days (95%CI, 34.02-51.37). Reconstructed Kaplan-Meier data showed improved survival in the radiofrequency ablation treated group (hazard ratio, 1.629; 95%CI, 1.35-1.96; P < .001). Concerning postoperative complications such as abdominal pain, cholangitis and pancreatitis, our analysis did not show a significant difference between the radiofrequency ablation treatment group and the controls. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation plus stent resulted in improved survival and stent patency, with longer median survival and patency time than stent alone.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bulvas ◽  
Zuzana Sommerová ◽  
Ivan Vaněk ◽  
Jiří Weiss

Purpose: To report the results of a prospective, single-arm study to establish whether the initial treatment of acute or subacute limb ischemia (ALI and SLI, respectively) can be accomplished successfully using endovascular mechanical debulking of the target vessels to avoid the risks associated with thrombolysis and/or open surgery. Materials and Methods: From April 2009 to April 2015, 316 consecutive patients (mean age 70.9±12 years; 184 men) with ALI (202, 63.9%) or SLI (114, 36.1%) were enrolled; the only exclusion criterion was irreversible ischemia. The ALI group included 146 (72.3%) participants with category IIb ischemia and 56 (27.7%) with category IIa. Critical limb ischemia was diagnosed in 74 (64.9%) of the 114 patients with SLI. Target occlusions of thrombotic (n=256) or embolic (n=60) origin were located in the femoropopliteal segment (n=231), prosthetic or venous femoropopliteal bypass grafts (n=75), and the aortoiliac segment (n=35). The mean occlusion length was 22.9±14.8 cm. Results: The overall technical success (residual stenosis ≤30%) was 100% after debulking and adjunctive techniques (aspiration, dilation, stenting) at the level of the target lesions. No open surgical or thrombolytic modalities were necessary to bypass or recanalize the target vessels, and no death occurred in association with target occlusion therapy. Additional infrapopliteal interventions were performed in 195 (61.7%) patients (adjunctive thrombolysis in 29) to treat acute, subacute, and chronic lesions. Minor complications directly related to the debulking procedure occurred in 26 (8.2%) patients. Serious complications occurred in 11 (3.5%) patients, including hemorrhage in 8 (2.5%) patients (associated with infrapopliteal thrombolysis in 5). At 30 days, primary and secondary patency rates were 94.3% and 97.2%, respectively; mortality was 0.3% (1 fatal intracranial hemorrhage after adjunctive thrombolysis). Of 229 patients eligible for 1-year follow-up, amputation-free survival was estimated to be 87.4% in 199 patients with available data. Conclusion: In this all-comers study, mechanical debulking with the Rotarex alone or with adjunctive techniques is feasible as a primary therapy for occluded supratibial vessels in patients with ALI or SLI.


2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Anthony Pham ◽  
Karyn A. Goodman ◽  
David H. Ilson ◽  
Yelena Yuriy Janjigian ◽  
Geoffrey Yuyat Ku ◽  
...  

138 Background: Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) is a standard treatment for esophageal cancer (EC), particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, data for nonsurgical treatment of adenocarcinoma (AC) is limited, and response rates to CRT are lower in AC vs. SCC. Therefore, trimodality therapy is often preferred for AC. However, some patients with AC achieve clinical complete response (cCR) after CRT and decline surgery, or are medically inoperable. We therefore reviewed outcomes after CRT alone for esophageal AC. Methods: All patients receiving full-dose (≥ 50 Gy) CRT without surgery for Stage I-III AC of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) from 2007-2012 at our institution were included. Complete clinical response (cCR) was defined as negative post-CRT biopsy, or SUVmax ≤ 3 on post-CRT PET if no biopsy was obtained. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 105 patients were included. 11 patients (10%) had T1-2N0 disease; the rest had T3+ or N+ disease. Median follow-up was 49 months. 85 patients (81%) received induction chemotherapy prior to CRT. Median OS was 25 months, with 3/5 year OS of 35% and 20% respectively. 67 patients (64%) had cCR, with median OS of 33 months and 3/5 year OS of 48% and 30%, compared to 15 months in incomplete responders (p<0.001). There were no long-term survivors among incomplete responders. 31 (46%) of cCR patients developed local failure, with 3 and 5 year LRFS of 53% and 46%. Median DMFS was 33 months in cCR patients. Of 10 patients who developed isolated local failure, 6 had salvage surgery, 3 had brachytherapy and 1 had laser ablation. Of these, 3 are alive and 2 are free of disease. Conclusions: This is the largest reported series of CRT alone for esophageal AC. In cCR patients, CRT alone is associated with long-term survival comparable to that expected with trimodality therapy. However, local recurrence still occurs in nearly half of patients with cCR. More study is needed to define which patients with cCR will benefit from immediate surgery after CRT, and improvements in therapy are needed to reduce local failure in patients not eligible for surgery.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14043-e14043
Author(s):  
Lynn G. Feun ◽  
Ying-Ying Li ◽  
Chunjing Wu ◽  
Medhi Wangpaichitr ◽  
Patricia Denise Jones ◽  
...  

e14043 Background: Pembrolizumab (PEM) has been approved as second line therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a single institution investigator-initiated clinical/biomarkers trial to assess potential biomarkers to predict response in unresectable HCC patients (pts) receiving PEM. Methods: PEM was administered at 200mg iv. every 3 weeks for advanced HCC pts who progressed on, were intolerant of, or refused sorafenib. The circulating levels of cytokines/chemokines included IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10, CXCL9, CCL4, CCL5, as well as PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 were measured by ELISA at baselines and at day 60-90. PD-L1 expression in tumor was also assessed by histopathological staining. Results: 29 pts have been treated and 28 were evaluated for response. One pt had complete response, 8 had partial response and 4 had stable disease. Among all the biomarkers tested, only TGF-β at baseline predict response. The mean of plasma TGF-β in responders were 141.9pg/ml vs. 1071.8pg/ml in nonresponders. The cut-off values was determined based on the near medians. The plasma concentration of TGF-β of ≥200pg/ml was an index for nonresponder (P = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in pts with TGF-β ≥200pg/ml were 7 months and 2 months, respectively, while in pts with TGF-β < 200 pg/ml, the OS and PFS were over 25 months(P = 0.005 and P = 0.008, respectively). Plasma IFN-γ or IL-10 levels positively correlated with plasma PD-1/PD-L-1 (P < 0.05). Since tumor PD-L1 expression is upregulated by IFN-γ, and IL-10, and interacts with PD-1 to suppress T cell, to confirm these relationships, the linear regression was used to analyze the data. Plasma IFN-γ or IL-10 levels positively correlated with plasma PD-1 and PD-L1 levels ( P < 0.05). Nine of these 24 patients had tumor available for PD-L1 scoring (PD-L1-positive:3 pts and PD-L1-negative:6pts). Similar to plasma PD-L1 concentration, pts with positive tumor PD-L1 had high levels of plasma IFN-γ or IL-10 ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study confirmed that PEM is active in HCC and TGF-β is a predictive markers for tumor response, PFS, and OS. Support by grant from Merck


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