Postoperative Dysphagia versus Neurogenic Dysphagia: Scintigraphic Assessment

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venanzio Valenza ◽  
AnaMaria Samanes Gajate ◽  
Jacopo Galli ◽  
Lucia D'Alatri ◽  
Stefano Di Girolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Esophageal Transit ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to differentiate the features of dysphagia that occur after supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy from those that occur during neurologic diseases, we divided 38 subjects into 3 groups and submitted them to oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy. Group 1 (control group) included 15 healthy volunteeers; group 2 comprised 8 patients who had residual dysphagia at least 1 year after supraglottic laryngectomy; and group 3 included 15 patients with various neurologic and neuromuscular disorders. In group 1, the mean values (±2 SD) of selected semiquantitative parameters were consistent with those reported in the literature for normal subjects. In group 2, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal transit times were not significantly altered, and moderate tracheobronchial postdeglutitive aspiration was present (maximum value, 6.7%; mean value, 2.04%). The pharyngeal retention index was significantly increased (p = .0003) as compared to normal subjects in all cases (maximum value, 40%; mean value, 23%) and was associated in all cases with slight but consistent postdeglutitive aspiration. In group 3, the oral and esophageal phases were significantly prolonged and the retention indices were significantly increased. Statistical analysis documented a significant increase in oral transit time (p = .003), esophageal transit time (p = .01), oral retention index (p = .006), pharyngeal retention index (p = .0007), and esophageal retention index (p = .009) as compared to normal subjects. The swallowing pattern was also altered by 1) an early loss of the bolus from the oral cavity; 2) bolus fragmentation due to double or triple deglutition, reduced lingual propulsion, or the return of a small part of the bolus into the oral cavity during deglutition; and/or 3) double pharyngeal peaks in the activity-time curves. Tracheobronchial aspiration (maximum value, 90%; mean value, 9.70%) was present in some cases, mainly in patients affected by post-stroke dysphagia. On the basis of the obtained results and considering the low doses of radiation delivered to the patient (0.043 Gy), the limited invasiveness, and the excellent patient tolerance, scintigraphy appears to be clinically valid in the functional study of swallowing and in identifying different deglutition disorders.

scholarly journals Correlation between Preoperative Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity Measured by Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Intraoperative Transit Time Flow Measurement of Attached Grafts

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Almas Tolegenuly ◽  
Rasa Ordiene ◽  
Arslan Mamedov ◽  
Ramunas Unikas ◽  
Rimantas Benetis
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and Objectives: To assess the correlation between the degree of target coronary artery stenosis measured by instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and the intraoperative transit time flow measurement (TTFM) of attached grafts as well as evaluate flow competition between the native coronary artery and the attached graft according to the severity of stenosis. Materials and Methods: In total, 89 grafts were subjected to intraoperative transit time flow measurement after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 25 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). The iFR was evaluated for all coronary arteries with grafts. The coronary artery stenoses were divided into three groups based on the iFR value: iFR < 0.86 (group 1); iFR 0.86–0.90 (group 2); and iFR > 0.90 (group 3). Results: The mean graft flow (MGF) was 46.9 ± 18.4 mL/min for group 1, 45.3 ± 20.9 mL/min for group 2, and 31.3 ± 18.5 mL/min for group 3. A statistically significant difference was confirmed between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.002) and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.025). The pulsatility index (PI) was 2.49 ± 1.20 for group 1, 2.66 ± 2.13 for group 2, and 4.70 ± 3.66 for group 3. A statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.006) and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.032). Backward flow was detected in 7.5% of grafts for group 1, in 16.6% of grafts for group 2, and in 16% of grafts for group 3. A statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.025) and between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.029). Conclusions: The iFR is a useful tool for predicting the impact of competitive flow observed between a native artery and an attached graft. The effect of competitive flow significantly increases when the graft is attached to a vessel with mild coronary stenosis. In a coronary artery where the iFR was not hemodynamically significant, the MGF was lower, the PI was higher, and a larger proportion of grafts with backward flow (BF) was detected compared to when there was significant stenosis (iFR < 0.86).

Expression of the Proto-Oncogene eIF4E in Inflammation of the Oral Cavity

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Chandy ◽  
Fleurette Abreo ◽  
Raja Nassar ◽  
Fred J. Stucker ◽  
Cherie-Ann Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Mild Dysplasia ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: eIF4E (4E) is elevated in 100% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and in premalignant lesions of the larynx. However, it is not elevated in normal mucosa. In this study, we hypothesize that 4E is not significantly elevated in inflammation unlike its expression in premalignant lesions of the oral cavity. STUDY DESIGN: Biopsies from the oral cavity were divided into 5 groups: (1) normal mucosa, (2) chronic inflammation, (3) mild dysplasia from leukoplakic lesions, (4) mild dysplasia in surgical margins of patients with HNSCC, and (5) HNSCC. Immunohistochemical qualitative analysis was then performed. RESULTS: None of the 15 specimens in group 1 and 100% of the 15 specimens in group 5 expressed 4E. Of the 29 specimens in group 2 only 4/29 (13%) overexpressed 4E compared with 10/31 (32%) in group 3 and 9/21 (42%) in group 4. There was a significant difference between groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.003 respectively) but no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 ( P = 0.13) and between groups 3 and 4 ( P = 0.30). CONCLUSION: 4E is not significantly elevated in inflammation of the oral cavity thus fulfilling one of the criteria that biomarkers require to be useful in a clinical setting.

Single-nephron adaptations to partial renal ablation in the dog

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. F495-F503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Brown ◽  
D. R. Finco ◽  
W. A. Crowell ◽  
D. C. Choat ◽  
L. G. Navar
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Renal Ablation ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stop Flow ◽  
Group 1

Micropuncture and histological studies were performed in dogs to characterize single-nephron adaptations to partial renal ablation. Dogs underwent sham surgery (group 1, n = 6), three-fourths nephrectomy (group 2, n = 10), or seven-eighths nephrectomy (group 3, n = 6). Single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was 71.0 +/- 4.2 nl/min in group 1, 132.5 +/- 9.6 nl/min in group 2, and 161.8 +/- 12.4 nl/min in group 3 (P less than 0.05). There were parallel increases in single-nephron glomerular plasma flow rate (GPF), with a mean value of 235.3 +/- 20.1 nl/min in group 1, 442.4 +/- 34.4 nl/min in group 2, and 569.6 +/- 73.7 nl/min in group 3 (P less than 0.05, group 1 vs. groups 2 and 3). Glomerular capillary pressure, estimated from the sum of proximal tubule stop-flow pressure and arterial oncotic pressure, was 63.2 +/- 1.9 mmHg in group 1, 73.5 +/- 2.0 mmHg in group 2, and 77.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg in group 3 (P less than 0.05, group 1 vs. groups 2 and 3). The mean glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure gradient (delta P) in group 2 was not different from group 1 (46.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 43.9 +/- 1.8 mmHg, NS); however, it was significantly increased in group 3 (50.0 +/- 1.4 mmHg; P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Influence of Sintering Conditions on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of an Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Fabiana Ribeiro da Silva Schanuel ◽  
Wilson Acchar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Sintering Conditions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dependence of sintering conditions on mechanical properties and microstructure of zirconia stabilized by yttria. Commercial blocks of pre-sintered of zirconia stabilized (DeguDent Dentsply, Germany-Cercon) were investigated in this study. The blocks belonging to group 1 were sintered under the recommended conditions by the manufacturer (1350°C for 6 hours). The blocks of group 2 were sintered under 1500°C for 6 hours. The blocks of group 3 were sintered under 1350 C for 14.5 hours. The results indicated that the sintering conditions influenced the mechanical properties and microstructure of zirconia. The three sintering conditions analyzed in this study produces zirconia bodies with properties adequate to be used in clinical function. However, the decisive factor for change in the sintering conditions should be the cost/benefit during the prosthetical process and longevity of clinical material to perform its function in the oral cavity.

Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Responses to Parturition in Premature Infants With and Without the Respiratory Distress Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
Alan H. Klein ◽  
Barbara Foley ◽  
Frederic M. Kenny ◽  
Delbert A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Serum T4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentrations were measured in well full-term infants (group 1), well premature infants (group 2), and premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (group 3). Samples were collected at birth and at 2, 12, and 24 hours after delivery. Significant increases in mean serum TSH concentrations occurred in all three groups two hours after delivery, but the two-hour levels measured in groups 2 and 3 were less than those in group 1 infants. Serum T4 concentrations increased significantly after delivery in groups 1 and 2 but not in group 3 newborns; mean TBG concentrations did not vary significantly in any of the groups. Serum T4, concentrations increased significantly at two hours in all three groups but were significantly depressed at 12 and 24 hours in group 3 infants. Mean serum rT3, concentrations decreased after birth in group 2 and 3 in contrast to group 1 newborns; the mean value increased significantly between 2 and 24 hours in group 3 infants. The pattern of decreasing senrum T3 and increasing rT3 concentrations in group 3 infants between 2 and 24 hours resembles the pattern of change in triiodothyronines in ill adult patients, which suggests that these variations are due primarily to illness and not to prematurity.

scholarly journals Serum response to supplemental macular carotenoids in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Meagher ◽  
David I. Thurnham ◽  
Stephen Beatty ◽  
Alan N. Howard ◽  
Eithne Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Serum Response ◽  
Group 1

Macular pigment (MP) is composed of lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ). The present study reports on serum response to three different MP supplements in normal subjects (n 27) and in subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n 27). Subjects were randomly assigned to: Group 1 (20 mg L and 2 mg Z), Group 2 (10 mg L, 2 mg Z and 10 mg MZ) or Group 3 (3 mg L, 2 mg Z and 17 mg MZ). Serum carotenoids were quantified at baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks using HPLC. Response data for normal and AMD subjects were comparable and therefore combined for analysis. We report response as the average of the 4- and 8-week concentrations (saturation plateau). Serum L increased significantly in Group 1 (0·036 μmol/l per mg (269 %); P< 0·001) and Group 2 (0·079 μmol/l per mg (340 %); P< 0·001), with no significant change in Group 3 (0·006 μmol/l per mg (7 %); P= 0·466). Serum Z increased significantly in Group 1 (0·037 μmol/l per mg (69 %); P= 0·001) and Group 2 (0·015 μmol/l per mg (75 %); P< 0·001), with no significant change in Group 3 ( − 0·0002 μmol/l per mg ( − 6 %); P= 0·384). Serum MZ increased significantly in Group 1 (0·0094 μmol/l (absolute value); P= 0·015), Group 2 (0·005 μmol/l per mg; P< 0·001) and Group 3 (0·004 μmol/l per mg; P< 0·001). The formulation containing all three macular carotenoids (Group 2 supplement) was the most efficacious in terms of achieving the highest combined concentration of the three MP constituent carotenoids in serum, thereby potentially optimising the bioavailability of these compounds for capture by the target tissue (retina).

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SERUM TOTAL SIALIC ACID AND LIPID BOUND SIALIC ACID LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH LEUKOPLAKIAAND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA-A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Daneshwari Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and objectives: Oral cancer (OC) is the eleventh most common cancer worldwide. The reason for high prevalence of Oral cancer in India is primarily attributed to tobacco consumption in the form of gutkha, quid, snuff or misri. The most common diagnostic method is biopsy followed by analysis of serum and saliva that are an effective approach for screening and monitoring the patients. Tumor markers are substances which change quantitatively in serum during tumor development. Various tumor markers are identified in oral cancer, one such tumor marker is sialic acid. The objective of the study was to evaluate clinical value of circulatory levels of total and lipid bound sialic acid for the early diagnosis and management of OC. Method: A total of 90 patients were included in the study were further divided into three groups with 30 subjects each. Group 1 - leukoplakia. Group 2- oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Group 3- healthy age and sex matched individuals. All the three groups were subjected to determination of Serum total and lipid bound sialic acid. Statistical analysis was done using Student t- test, One way ANOVAwas used to compare between the three groups. Multi variate analysis was performed to determine the alterations in TSAand LSAlevels. Results Mean value of serum TSA in Group 1 - 53.18±9.03 mg/dl ,Group 2 -91.58±19.26 mg/dl Group 3 -36.74±5.94 mg/dl. Mean value of serum LSA in Group 1-19.50±3.87 mg/dl , Group 2-33.64±8.05mg/dl, Group 3-14.10±2.86 mg/dl Mean value of serum TSAand LSAin OSCC were significantly higher than leukoplakia and control group (P=0.0001). When multivariate analysis was done it was observed that there is progressive rise in TSAand LSA Conclusion: In the present study there were significant elevations in sialic acid levels in OSCC. This finding can be used as adjunct diagnostic marker in head and neck cancer

scholarly journals Mandibular morphology of the Mongoloid race in Medan according to age groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Maria Sitanggang ◽  
Trelia Boel
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ramus Height ◽  
Group 1

Background: The mandible constitutes part of the craniofacial bone that plays an important role in determining an individual’s facial profile. The mandible grows and develops throughout life from the prenatal phase up to old age when it becomes and edentulous. Changes in the mandible can be measured using radiographs. These establish several parameters of mandibular morphology, including: ramus height, condylion height, body length, condylion angle, symphysis height, symphysis width and symphysis angle. Purpose: This study aimed to determine differences in the mandibular morphology of members of the mongoloid racial group in Medan according to age as measured by cephalometric radiography. Methods: This investigation constituted analytical research using cross-sectional study with a total sample of 150 individuals divided according to age: group 1 (aged 4-12 years), group 2 (aged 13-24 years, group 3 (aged 25-34 years), group 4 (aged 35-60 years) and group of 5 (aged > 60 years). The parameters were computerized by means of a digital cephalometric radiograph, the resulting data being analized with Oneway ANOVA and LSD. Results: The mean value of the highest to the lowest ramus height, and symphysis height from the five age groups, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 5, group 2, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of body length, condylion height, condylion angle, and symphysis width, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 2, group 5, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of symphysis angle, sequentially, were in group 1, group 3, group 4, group 2, and  group 5. Conclusion: The mandibular morphology of each age group differs in Mongoloid races in Medan based on lateral cephalometric radiography in which changes are may be affected by the state of teeth and age.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Shear Debonding Strengh Between New Brackets, Air-Abrasion and Recycled Brackets: An In Vitro Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Tony Sánchez Achín DDS
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to compare the shear bonding strength between new brackets, recycled brackets by the Ortho-Cycle Co. and sandblasted brackets along with a sterilization process after being debonded. Thus, 60 human bicuspids extracted for orthodontics purposes were divided into 3 groups to bond the brackets. Group 1: new brackets. Group 2: these brackets were removed from Group 1, they were sandblasted and placed in the ultrasound and sterilized. Group 3: these brackets were recycled by the Ortho-Cycle Co. The brackets were debonded using the Instron Universal Test machine and the results were recorded. Then the brackets were inspected using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to perform the Adhesive Remnant Index. The group of recycled brackets had the highest mean value of 7.55 MPa, then, the new brackets group with a mean value of 7.24 MPa. And finally the minor value was for the sandblasted brackets with a mean value of 6.43 MPa. The results of this study shows that the three groups of brackets studied had not statistical significant differences in their mean values in their resistance to debonding and that the three groups of brackets fulfill the requirements to be bonded to the teeth.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histologic changes in albino rats in response to charcoal powder exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
O. E. Oriakpono ◽  
◽  
C. Anuforo ◽  
E. E. Nduonofit ◽  
B. K. Deeyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lung Histology ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. In developing and under-developed countries, charcoal production predisposes workers to charcoal dust. This is a common occurrence as workers in this field are not properly protected and as such are exposed to charcoal dust through inhalation and skin contact. Charcoal comprises many components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the possible health risk associated with such exposure, this study was designed to determine the effects of charcoal powder of particle size 125 µm - 150 µm on certain biomarkers in male albino rats. Albino rats were used because of their similar physiology to humans. Materials and Methods. 20 albino rats weighing between 250 g and 300 g were used for this study; they were randomly distributed in 4 groups (5 rats each) and the charcoal powder was incorporated into their feed at different percentages; control, group 1 (10 % charcoal), group 2 (30 % charcoal) and group 3 (charcoal powder bedding) for 50 days. Using standard procedures and methods, the following parameters were tested: Hematological parameters, semen parameters, liver enzymes, renal function, hormones and lung histology. Results. The results indicated a decrease in the level of liver enzymes AST (IU/L) and ALT (IU/L) in group 1, group 2 and group 3 when compared to the control with the lowest value of 48.75 IU/L and 11.50 IU/L respectively recorded in group 2. Prolactin (mIU/L) had mean values of 1.73, 1.30 and 1.83 in group 1, group 2 and group 3 respectively while the control was 2.10. Testosterone (nmol/L) had a mean value of 1.18, 0.53 and 0.25 in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively, while the control was 0.90 with a significant difference (P<0.05). Creatinine (µmol/L) increased in group 1 and group 2 with a slight reduction in group 3 when compared to control (1.04) with a value of 1.35, 1.40 and 1.23, respectively. Total sperm count (´105/mL) had a mean value of 58.33, 50.00 and 43.25 in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively, while the control was 100.50. The lung histology for the treated groups revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells and thickening of inter-alveolar walls. Conclusion. Long term exposure to charcoal powder through nasal or oral route had serious effects on rats’ health, such as kidney damages, inflammation of the lungs and decrease in fertility in males primarily due to the presence of PAHs in charcoal.

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