Comparison and Evaluation of China’s Urban Social Security Financing System Before and After the Reform

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000944552110543
Author(s):  
Guan Huang ◽  
Jingmiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Accumulation System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Personal Accounts

The sustainability of China’s urban social security financing system has recently been seriously questioned. This article divides the financing system’s development into two periods (before and after reform). It compares the capital collection and the distribution and circulation structures and reviews the financing system before and after reform. In this study, we also discuss and explain the ‘empty account’ phenomenon, which severely undermines the financing system’s sustainability. We allege that the money accumulation system adopted after reform, which correlates personal accounts with the social pool, is not running as designed but as a ‘pay-as-you-go’ system. After evaluating the efficiency and cost performance of both periods, testing the financing system’s sustainability and correlating the system during both time periods with economic and social development, we find that the financing systems’ operation after reform corresponds with theories proved by case studies in other advanced states.

scholarly journals Innovation in Uruguay: New Perspectives on Public Policies and Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonaldo Leite
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Social Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Perspective

This paper aims to present a general perspective of the actions developed by the Uruguayan Broad Front, which has been defined as an example of reformed left in Latin America. The Broad Front has governed Uruguay since 2005 and has implemented several alternative and innovative policies. Methodologically, the paper is empirically supported by data and information derived of interviews conducted in Montevideo, as well of the analysis of official documents.  Among the results found out, it can be highlighting the following sample: 1) innovative programmes focused on most disadvantaged young children and their families like Uruguay Crece Contigo [Uruguay grows with you] have been successfully put in place and scaled up; 2) the institution of the Salary Councils (tripartite councils made up of government representatives, businesses and workers) stimulated the formalization of work and the rise in salaries, as well as the strengthening  of unions; 3) the creation of the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES) as a new centralized social authority, which shares jurisdiction with the Social Security Bank (BPS) and the Ministry of Health; 4) in the face of the failure of the so-called drug war, the regulation of the cannabis market was approved during the term of President José Mujica. Conclusively, it’s affirmed, for instance, that the Broad Front perspectives and the policies it has implemented in Uruguay have instituted a new conception of the left in Latin America.

Social Security and Social Development in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 868-888
Author(s):  
Leila Patel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
The South ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Social

Abstract: South Africa has made significant strides in growing its social security and social development system to reduce poverty and inequality since the advent of democracy in 1994. The country’s rights-based and redistributive social protection system builds on earlier social policies and was substantively refashioned to address the country’s colonial and apartheid legacy. This chapter documents the South African case with reference to the following themes: first, it sets out the social and economic challenges facing the country in relation to poverty and inequality. Second, it demonstrates the conceptual and policy significance of the South African case in relation to the rise of social protection policies to promote inclusive development in countries in the Global South. The South African welfare regime is the third theme. It focuses on the evolution of social security and social development, discusses the features of the approach, the nature and scope of social protection policies and their impacts. Finally, the chapter concludes by considering the policy issues and future trajectory of social protection in South Africa.

scholarly journals The formation and development of non-confection in Сhina

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of neo-Confucianism in China. The relevance of this work is dictated by the need to put the right accents in the understanding of the term “neo-Confucianism”. Its interpretation is often ambiguous in relation to the “time periods” and the direct “carriers” of this philosophical trend. So, for example, the term “neo-Confucianism” is often referred to the conditionally modern stage of the development of Confucianism (starting from the twentieth century). On the contrary, it is sometimes customary to track neo-Confucianism, bringing it “from the depth of ages” (starting with the first indirect followers of Confucius). Diametrically opposed approaches are often used in “Western” and “Chinese” philosophical literature. We tried to clarify the use of this concept to specific philosophical personalities. The stages of the formation of neo- Confucianism proposed by various authors are considered. The development of neo- Confucianism can be divided into the following stages: 1) Precinus Confucianism (historically before the formation of the Qin Dynasty); 2) the neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties; 3) The present stage of development of neo-Confucianism. After analyzing some of the approaches used in the Chinese philosophical tradition. We conclude that such a trend as “neo-Confucianism” is taken to “deduce” from “canonical Confucianism” (the texts of Confucius himself and his direct interpreters). Although this view is often criticized and can be rethought. Historically, Confucianism close to us received the designation “new neo-Confucianism”. We analyzed the main provisions of the leading representatives of this trend (Xiong Shili and Liang Suming). In turn, neo-Confucianism basically breaks down into two directions. The first of them is “appealing” to the revival of “canonical” Confucianism at the present stage of the social development of Chinese society. The second, on the contrary, "calls" for "deep modernization of Confucianism." Its “synthesis” with prevailing ideological (for example, Buddhism) and philosophical (for example, Marxism) trends.

scholarly journals In the Pursuit of New Ideologies: Social Security in China and Chile

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Christian Aspalter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Future

This study depicts the development of welfare state systems in CHina and Chile, with a pronounced focus on their social security provision. After presenting the two case studies that are based on detailed insights into the historical and political development related to the respective welfare state systems, the author considers a potentially grave consequence of new ideologies on the social policy in both countries. The author attends to old and new problems that impose on social and economic development, and outlines past, recent and future devolpments and challenges of these welfare state systems. Finally, the paper provides some major conclusions and more analytical outlook for the future of social policy in CHina and Chile.

scholarly journals PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DI NEGARA MAJU DAN BERKEMBANG

Sosio Informa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Models

Social Development in Developed and Less Developed Countries.Social development can be seen in oconomic ability (GDP) and Government expenditure on education, health and social security sectors. Related to the inputindicators, there are someopinions that social development would not worked without high economic ability, and only some wealth states enable to conduct the social investment. By showing data of GDP level and government expenditures on social development sectors, the writer categorising four state models regarding their commitment on social development. The study have tried to respond hypothesis that followed by community, polliticiants, academicians, that social development is expensive and W1able to be conducted by developing countries.

scholarly journals Perspectives from the President's Commission on Social Security Reform

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Cogan ◽  
Olivia S Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Social Security Program ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Economics Research

Recently we were asked to serve on the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security (CSSS) along with 14 other members drawn equally from both major political parties. The Commission's charge was to provide recommendations to modernize the Social Security system, restore its fiscal soundness, and develop a workable system of Personal Retirement Accounts. This paper explains how the Commission arrived at some of its recommendations and the role that economics played in contributing to these recommendations. We describe the key institutional constraints confronting efforts to reform Social Security and how these constraints influenced Commission decisions. We also illustrate how economics research influenced the Commission's analysis of how to structure personal accounts, ways to enhance traditional Social Security program finances, and means of measuring the extent of financial progress achieved through reform.

scholarly journals Un reto de iberoamérica en el siglo XXI: la extensión de la cobertura de la seguridad social

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Mesa-Lago
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
Las Mujeres

RESUMEN: Analiza la disminución en la cobertura de los programas de pensiones y salud de la Seguridad Social iberoamericana, por dos causas: la transformación del mercado laboral (caída del sector formal cubierto y aumento de sector informal no cubierto), «unida a la flexibilización» en la contratación laboral, y el propio sistema de Seguridad Social que no se ha adaptado a dicha transformación. Estima tres tipos de cobertura: de la fuerza laboral por los sistemas de pensiones privados (antes y después de las reformas estructurales) y públicos; de la población total antes de las reformas de salud y a comienzos del actual decenio, y de las personas de la tercera edad por las pensiones; la cobertura menor de las mujeres y baja prioridad a los pobres son también examinadas. Las recomendaciones para extender la cobertura incluyen las prioridades de los organismos internacionales y sugerencias del autor.ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the problem of decline of the labor force and the total population by Social Security pensions and health care systems in Latin America, as a result of two causes: the labor market transformation (decline of the formal sector, covered, and expansion of the informal sector, uncovered), as well as the liberalization of labor hiring, and the social security system failure to adapt to such transformation. Three types of coverage are estimated: of the labor force by private pension systems (before and after structural reforms) and by public systems; of the total population before the health reforms and early in the current decade, and of the old-age population on pensions; the lower coverage of women and low priority to protect the poor are also studied. Recommendations to extend coverage include the priorities of international organizations and the author's own suggestions.

scholarly journals An Intergenerational Zoom Music Therapy Group During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 568-568
Author(s):  
Racheli Lital Gvili
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Intergenerational Connections

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in ageist attitudes and psychological distress and loneliness among older people. The social isolation exacerbated the intergenerational segregation between young and older adults, and has also been expressed within families, since grandparents could not meet their grandchildren in person. The present study involved an intergenerational music intervention, as a vehicle to bridge the gap between grandparents and grandchildren at the COVID-19 pandemic. 41 grandparents aged 56-80, and 45 grandchildren aged 9.9-11.8 took part. Of these, 21 pairs of grandparents and grandchildren participated in a weekly online intergenerational zoom music therapy group for eight weeks, and the rest constituted a waitlist-controlled group. All participants completed the same questionnaires during the same time periods before and after the intervention. The results point to the effectiveness of participation in the sessions in improving intergenerational connections and psychological well-being, and in reducing ageist attitudes and loneliness.

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