Globalization Backlash in Developing Countries: Broadening the Research Agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402110375
Author(s):  
Nita Rudra ◽  
Irfan Nooruddin ◽  
Niccolò W. Bonifai
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Over Time

This special issue explores why the globalization backlash is roiling rich industrialized countries. But why is the backlash less salient in developing ones? In this piece, we challenge scholars to consider why the backlash has not diffused widely to the developing world. We argue support for globalization depends on citizens’ expectations of future economic mobility. This is high in the early phases of globalization which encapsulates many developing economies. Since information about globalization’s effects is limited, observed mobility of some sustains optimism that the new economic order will allow everyone to prosper. Over time, unrealized expectations of mobility for less-skilled workers puncture this optimism. Such workers in rich countries are long past the honeymoon phase of globalization and confronting realities of stagnant incomes and job precarity. Barring visionary policies unlikely to emerge from today’s polarized politics, their discontent will soon be shared by their developing country counterparts, dooming future globalization.

scholarly journals Migration and Its Impact on Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Muslih Faozanudin ◽  
Shainima Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
The Impact

People’s mobility and international migration are quite interesting phenomena to discuss. Until now, there are still differences in views between industrialized countries and developing countries regarding the contribution of migration to development for both sending and receiving countries. This paper aims to analyze based on existing secondary data the linkage between migration and sustainable development. For analysis, this study uses a descriptive approach, with secondary data as the primary source. The analysis found that both sending and receiving countries - benefited from population mobility and international migration. The least developed countries in the economy and overall infrastructure are supplying countries for this migration process, and increasing remittances and skilled workers to help other countries. Although it is realized that this condition is the impact of the weak economic system of developing countries on the one hand and the demographic that occur in advanced industrialized countries on the other. To maintain the stability of the supply chain for economic development, international migration is included as one of the sustainable development programs that apply more humane values. Therefore, migrants should be seen as potential contributors to the growth of sending and receiving countries, and some even claim that they are heroes of foreign exchange. Keywords:  migration, remmitance, sustainable development Mobilitas masyarakat dan migrasi internasional merupakan fenomena yang cukup menarik untuk dibahas. sampai saat ini masih terdapat perbedaan pandangan antara negara industri dan negara berkembang, tentang  kontribusi migrasi terhadap  pembangunan, baik  bagi negara yang asal migrant maupun bagi negara penerima. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berdasarkan data sekunder yang ada mengenai keterkaitan antara migrasi dan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Untuk analisis, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber primer. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa kedua negara-negara pengirim dan penerima - mendapat manfaat dari mobilitas penduduk dan migrasi internasional. Negara-negara kurang berkembang dalam ekonomi dan infrastruktur secara keseluruhan menjadi negara pemasok untuk proses migrasi ini, dan meningkatkan pengiriman uang dan pekerja terampil untuk membantu negara lain. Meskipun disadari bahwa kondisi ini merupakan dampak dari lemahnya sistem perekonomian negara berkembang di satu sisi dan faktor demografi dan kesuburan yang terjadi di negara industri maju di sisi lain. Untuk menjaga stabilitas rantai pasokan pembangunan ekonomi, migrasi internasional dimasukkan sebagai salah satu program pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menerapkan nilai-nilai yang lebih manusiawi. Oleh karena itu, para migran harus dilihat sebagai kontributor potensial bagi pertumbuhan negara pengirim dan penerima,  bahkan ada yang mengklaim bahwa mereka adalah sebagai pahlawan devisa. Kata kunci:  migrasi, pembangunan berkelanjutan, remiten

Forecast Transparency and Inflation Volatility: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-787
Author(s):  
Ummad Mazhar ◽  
Cheick Kader M’baye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Inflation Volatility ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Relevant Factors

The desirability of transparency in its varied aspects is not always certain particularly for developing countries. This paper empirically investigates the link between forecast transparency and inflation volatility in a relatively homogenous sample of 41 developing economies over 1998–2007. It classifies central banks into transparent and opaque groups on the basis of their forecast transparency. The differential effect of the forecast transparency is then estimated both at a point in time and over time while controlling for the relevant factors. The main finding of the paper is that forecast transparency stabilizes inflation. In addition, we find that the stabilizing effect of disclosing numerical forecasts gets stronger over time supporting the theoretical insight that forecast transparency allows reputational externalities, and minimizes the likelihood of policy inconsistency. The results are robust against different specifications of the empirical model.

Climate Regime Building in a Changing World and China's Role in Global Climate Governance

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450002
Author(s):  
Jiahua PAN ◽  
Mou WANG
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Small Island ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Governance Processes

In 2012, the 18th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP18) of the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) in Doha concluded a package of results which included the second commitment period of the "Kyoto Protocol", ending the Bali Roadmap negotiating mandate (hereinafter referred to as the Bali mandate) after five years, and officially opening the intensive negotiations of Durban Platform. Compared to the "dual-track" negotiation under Bali mandate, Durban Platform mandate is on "one-track". But it does not mean that some parties' concerns and positions about "dual-track" have been adjusted. They are seeking a way to realize their needs in Durban Platform. Therefore, "one-track" negotiation on Durban Platform does not simplify problems, but presents problems intensively. At the beginning of Durban Platform mandate, whether to mandate the Durban Platform negotiations was controversial among developing countries, while after consultations, Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and the emerging developing economies divided on main concerns, such as mitigation targets, legal forms, sources of finance mechanism, etc. In fact, AOSIS's position gradually converged with the European Union (EU). And EU and AOSIS became the most aggressive powers to promote the Durban Platform negotiations. The traditional North–South divergence is facing adjustment, and new powers are restructuring negotiations. The huge disparity of interest among parties hinders progress in the Durban Platform negotiations. Parties will continue to debate and seek consensus on the interpretation of the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", emission reduction models and targets, sources of finance mechanism, the legal form of the future agreement, etc. With the social and economic development, China is receiving growing attention in the international climate governance processes. China's status as a developing country is being questioned by some developed and developing countries. Rapid increase of China's foreign investment and aid attracts worldwide attention, which stimulates the voices and expectations for China to shift its role as a developing country to shoulder more international obligations. However, China should be clearly aware of the fact that China's power of discourse is still very limited and far from being a leader in the world in various fields, including the international climate governance processes. China's participation in global climate governance, no matter its role being passively changed by others or a voluntary shift, still needs to keep a low profile, strengthen its economy, balance rights and obligations, and commit according to capabilities.

Technology Leapfrogging for Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 3707-3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle W.L. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Ict Revolution ◽  
Realistic Goal

Developing countries are generally latecomers to the ICT revolution, but if they can emulate industrialized countries in their adoption of ICTs, they will be afforded the same technological opportunities. Successful exploitation of such opportunities by developing countries can significantly narrow the economic gap between them and developed countries as they catch up in economic development. In ICT’s advancement trajectory, the opportunities offered by a newly emerged ICT tend to be superior to those of prior versions of technology. If a developing country leapfrogged to a newly emerged ICT, it would then be exposed to unprecedented potential in alleviating poverty and securing economic growth, as well as the possibility of surpassing developed and industrialized countries in economic development. Thus, technology leapfrogging is an attractive notion to developing countries, but is it a realistic goal?

Integration through Intermediate Goods: A Comparison of G-7 Openness to Developing Country Exports

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-134
Author(s):  
John Berdell ◽  
Animesh Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
North America ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Intermediate Goods Trade ◽  
Expenditure Elasticity

The fragmentation of manufacturing in G7 economies has substantially altered the way in which developing countries participate in world trade and production. Commodity chains and intertwined production networks have become increasingly important as vectors for the diffusion of technology and integration of developing countries into the world economy. We establish a set of simple and transparent benchmarks to compare and contrast the speed and extent to which production networks have integrated each of the G7 with developing economies through the importation of intermediate goods and examine these comparative indicators of G7 integration at both regional and global levels. We examine both total and intermediate goods trade flows and calculate the income-expenditure elasticity of developing-country sourced imports with respect to G7 incomes and also the elasticity of imported intermediate goods with respect to manufactured output. Within the G7, we find three tiers of openness to intermediate goods produced by developing countries, led by Germany and the US. Regional integration exhibits a clear pattern in which Central Europe appears to be integrating with developed Europe, Mexico with North America, and only East Asia is simultaneously integrating with North America, Europe and Japan.

Circular Economy Measurement and a Case of the Developing Country Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-257
Author(s):  
Kerem Toker ◽  
Fadime Çinar ◽  
Ali Görener
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
General View ◽  
Circular Economics

Circular economics (CE) is increasingly discussed among researchers, practitioners, and politicians. The discussions between the parties and the confusion about the concept cause the issue to remain on the agenda. According to the general view, CE is the slowing, shrinking, and closing of the welding flow to increase the welding efficiency. However, little attention has been devoted to measuring the CE level of a given economic system. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the emergence and development process of CE, and also to show how the CE level of any economic system can be measured. In this context, it is important for developing countries to interest with the issue but not in practice. To put this into perspective, the study examined Turkey's economic system. Turkey's economic, environmental, and social indicators examined were found to have a remote structure of the CE principle. It is expected that the results of the study will lead to a positive social change and become a framework for increasing the contribution of developing economies to the sustainable world.

scholarly journals Is Current Trade Pattern between the Developed and Developing Countries Environmentally Sustainable?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Sang Won Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Over Time

This study examines global environmental sustainability in an open economy with international trade by studying the pattern of trade between the developed country and the developing country. Assuming that both economies are productive enough to grow and regulate pollution emissions optimally over time via emission tax, it is found that the developing country is bound to specialize in producing the pollution-intensive goods in a growing economy as long as there exists a sufficiently great technology gap in the production of environmentally friendly goods between the developed country and the developing country. The conclusion holds even if the marginal valuation of environmental improvement increases rapidly in the developing country. The developing country needs to export pollution-intensive goods where it has a comparative advantage in producing to finance imports of environmentally friendly goods that it values more over time. It is suggested that global cooperation for technological development to reduce pollution in the dirty manufacturing industry is needed to prevent ever-worsening environmental degradation in developing countries.

The View From Orthodoxy: Point/Counterpoint on Globalization and Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Claudio Schuftan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Long Term Trend

The long-term trend of globalization masks a frank deterioration of the situation of the have-nots. Since 1970, polarization has grown faster than inequality, with alarming consequences for human rights and the economy overall. Globalization has continued to enrich the few at the expense of providing a decent livelihood and respecting the human rights of the many. Industrialized countries continue to be the rule makers—poor countries the rule takers. Rich countries go for growth, but an inequality-entrenching growth that brings about human rights violations and poverty. In many developing economies, income inequality and the violation of human rights have clearly increased over the past 3 decades. Discriminated losers have been fighting globalization before it had a name; they still are. Globalization has thus actually resulted in greater income inequality plus human rights violations and disrupted lives. Globalization may well be a finished project. We must remind our respective governments that they have the power to improve working people’s lives so that they, once and for all, address the needs of those who lose out from technological change and globalization. Otherwise, our political problems will only deepen.

Sustainable Consumption and Social Institutions

2016 ◽  
pp. 409-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Purushottam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Media Institutions

Sustainable development has been identified as a strategic priority for both developed and developing countries. The role of sustainable consumption in addressing challenges of sustainable development is undisputed Developing country context is complex due to simultaneous presence of hyper/over-consumption and under-consumption in different sections of society. Efforts to address sustainable consumption cover initiatives by individual consumers, business sector, governments, education and media institutions. It emerged that addressing sustainable consumption in the current times requires multiplicity of approaches, collaboration of multiple institutions and coordination, synergy and cohesiveness among various institutions. Social institutions were identified perfect fit for the purpose. This chapter intends to establish research agenda to explore possibilities for social institutions in propagating sustainable consumption in India.

Technology Differences over Space and Time

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caselli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Technology Choice ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Over Time

This book examines how countries use their productive resources—such as workers, skills, equipment and structures, and natural resources. It develops methods to assess the efficiency with which productive inputs are used, and how these efficiencies vary across countries and over time. The book finds that richer countries use skilled workers relatively more efficiently than unskilled workers, and equipment and structures relatively more efficiently than natural resources. They also are relatively more efficient users of labor than of capital. Technological change tends to make countries particularly efficient at using skills and less efficient at using capital. Technical change also favors experienced workers. In order to interpret and understand these findings, the book presents a theory of technology choice. In this theory, firms pick technologies that make the most efficient use of the most abundant production factors when these factors are good substitutes for the less abundant factors. Firms pick technologies that make the most of less abundant factors when other suitable factors are not available for substitution. For example, rich countries, where skilled workers are abundant, use skilled workers efficiently, as these are good substitutes for unskilled workers. This flexible framework can be applied to other pairs of inputs, over time, and across countries. The book has significant implications not only for the theoretical understanding of development and technological innovation, but also for government formulation of industrial policy and multinationals making decisions about what to invest in and where to make those investments.

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